Physical Geography Lecture 06 - Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation Pt...

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Atmospheric and Oceanic
Circulation
Chapter 4--Part 1
Or: What goes around, comes around.

Air Pressure and Wind

Have you ever noticed
changes in air pressure?

What is air pressure?
Pressure is the force a gas exerts on some specified area of
a container--it is the result of molecu...

Air pressure changes with altitude, from
place to place—and even in the same place,
changes over time

Air pressure changes with altitude, from
place to place—and even in the same place,
changes over time

Pressure, Density, and
Temperature
 Pressure (P), density (D), and temperature
(T) are all interrelated
 Pressure is the...

Changing Density Pt.I
• There are three ways to change
the density of a gas:
1.Change the size of the container
What happe...

 What happens when you change the
temperature of a confined gas?
 Let’s take our original container full of
molecules an...

- What’s happening to the pressure?
- Is density changing, or not?

A little simplification:
 For confined gases:
(if D↑ then P↑)
(if D↑ then T↑)
(if P↑ then T↑)
(if T↑ then P↑--but only if...

Changing Density—Pt.III
3. Change its
temperature (if it is
uncontained)
- What will happen
to the density?
- How will pre...

In the atmosphere, gases are
uncontained, like this…

A little more simplification:
 For unconfined gases (like in the
atmosphere):
(if T↑ then D↓)
(if D↓ then P↓)
(if D↓ then...

Measuring
Atmospheric Pressure
 In 1643 Evangelista Torricelli (a student
of Galileo) invented the first barometer…
 Tod...

Average Sea Level Air
Pressure
 29.92 in. (inches of mercury)
 14 lbs/in2
 1013.2 mb (millibars of mercury)
 101.32 kP...

Isobars
 Lines on a map that connect points of
equal barometric pressure are called
isobars
 Isobars follow the same rul...

Isobaric Maps

The Pressure Gradient Force

Wind
 Wind—Air moving horizontally in
response to pressure differences
 The process is called advection

Convection Cell Diagram
 Draw the convection cell diagram and
label it, just like you see it on the board
 Practice draw...

 Air always moves from regions of
higher air pressure to regions of lower
air pressure
 In other words:
“Out of the High...

Local Winds
Convection Cells in Motion
 Land and Sea Breezes
 Mountain and Valley Winds
 Katabatic Winds (a.k.a. Mistra...

Wind Direction
 Wind direction is determined by where
the wind is coming from
 For example, an east wind is one that is
...

Sea Breeze

Land Breeze

Valley Breeze

Mountain Breeze

Chinook/Santa Ana Winds

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