Alveolar Bone

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Presented By – Abhishek Gakhar
27rd June 2012
Department of Periodontics
ITS Dental College, Hospital & Research Center
Gr...

 Bone
- Classification
- Functions
- Composition
 Alveolar Bone & Alveolar Process
 Development of Alveolar Bone
 Func...

 Bone matrix
 Sharpey’s fibers
 Vascular Supply & Lymphatic Vessels
 Gross Morphology of alveolar Bone.
 Structures o...

 The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes
the majority of the skeleton of most vertebrates.(1)
 Second only t...

 Bone may be classified in several ways:

A. Endochondral bone
Where bone is preceded by a cartilagenous
model that is eventually replaced by bone In
a process term...

COMPACT BONE
• Composed of dense and concentrically arranged
bony trabeculae or lamella.
• More solid with fewer cavities....

SPONGY or CANCELLOUS BONE
 Composed of bone trabeculae or spicules.
 Has a simple and less organized architecture.
 Has...

1. Immature bone /Fibrous bone : These have
more cells & fibers in them. In humans they
are found only in fetus, sockets o...

1. Support: provides framework that supports and
anchors all soft organs.
2. Protection: skull and vertebrae surround soft...

 65% Inorganic matter
(Hydroxyapatite)
◦ Mostly Calcium and
inorganic orthophosphate
deposited between
collagen
 35% Org...

 2/3rd inorganic matrix(2)
 Composed of minerals calcium & phosphate,
along with hydroxyl, carbonate, citrate &
trace am...

 Bone is formed by the
hardening of the matrix,
entrapping the cells.
When these cells become
entrapped from
osteoblasts ...

◦ Contributes towards the important
biomechanical properties of tissue in
terms of resisting loads and providing
necessary...

◦ are a heterogeneous group which vary from
entrapped serum protein to glycoproteins.
◦ play a role in mineralization.
◦ T...

 Alveolar bone or alveolar process is that portion
of maxilla and mandible that supports the roots of
the tooth.
 If the...

 Since the alveolar process develop &
undergo remodeling with the tooth
formation & eruption, they are tooth
dependent bo...

◦ It is attached to the
cementum of the roots
by the periodontal
ligament.
◦ Is the bone lining the
alveolus.
◦ In clinica...

 Alveolar bone develops from
the dental follicle. (4)
 The ectomesenchymal cells
of the dental follicle
differentiate in...

Near the end of the 2nd
month of fetal life, mandible
and maxilla form a groove
that is opened toward the
surface of the o...

 It supports the tooth roots on the facial and
on the palatal/lingual sides.
 It is the one responsible for the separati...

 Bone cells
◦ Osteoprogenitor cells – stem cells
◦ Osteoblasts – forms bone
◦ Osteocytes – maintains bone
◦ Osteoclasts –...

 Stem cells derived from the mesenchyme.(5)
 Possess mitotic potential and the ability to
differentiate into mature bone...

 Uninucleated cells .
 Synthesize both collagenous and noncollagenous
bone proteins.(6)
 Osteoblasts also synthesize th...

 are osteoblasts secreted in the bone matrixes
that are entrapped in lacunae.(8)
 An osteocyte lies in its own lacuna an...

 Derived from a monocytic-macrophage
system, which are responsible for bone
resorbtion.(10)
 They are multinucleated cel...

 Bone matrix consists of organic and inorganic
components.(12)
 The association of these substances gives bone
its hardn...

 Osteoid is uncalcified organic matrix.
 Inorganic matter represents about 50% of
the dry weight of bone matrix.
 compo...

 Concentrically arranged bony
lamellae
◦ Types of layering (lamella)
 Circumferential lamella –
external, internal
 Con...

 Continuous uninterrupted layer found
immediately beneath the periosteum
around the circumference of the bone.
 Continuo...

 Layers of bone
surrounding the
Haversian canal.
 Varies from 5 –
20 layers.

 Found in between
haversian systems.
 Triangular or
irregularly shaped
groups of parallel
lamella.
 May represent lamel...

 Composed of small
central canal
(HAVERSIAN CANAL)
which is in constant
communication with
the blood vessels.(4)
 Surrou...

 A bright thin line
called CEMENTING
LINE separates one
haversian system
from another.
 Haversian systems
or OSTEONES
(O...

 Canals that are not
surrounded by bony
lamella.(4)
 Traverse the bone in
a direction
perpendicular or
oblique to the
la...

 Sharpey's fibers are the
terminal ends of principal
fibers (of the periodontal
ligament) that insert into the
cementum a...

 Alveolar process of the maxilla
◦ Anterior and posterior alveolar arteries (branch
from the maxilla and infraorbital art...

 Smallest lymph vessel - Lymph capillaries.
 All third molars – Jugulodigastric lymphnodes
 Mandibular incisors – Subme...

GROSS MORPHOLOGY

◦ Also called Dental
alveolus.
◦ are sockets in the jaws
in which the roots of
teeth are held in the
alveolar process with...

 Interdental Septa
◦ “Septa” – in Latin, it
means “fence” or “wall”
◦ Are plates of bone that
separate each individual
so...

◦ also called as bundle bone.
◦ A type of alveolar bone so called because of the
‘Bundle’ pattern caused by continuation o...

a) outer cortical plates
b) a central spongiosa
c) bone lining the
alveolus (bundle bone)

• Outer bony plate of varying
thickness, which is the outside wall
of the maxilla and mandible,
covered with periosteum.
•...

 Are spongy (or cancellous/trabecullar) bone
between the 2 bony plates and between the
lamina cribriformis of adjacent te...

 Compact bone that
composes the alveolus
(tooth socket).(1)
 It is inner, heavily
perforated bony lamellae,
forming the ...

 Layers of differentiated osteogenic connective
tissue covers all bone surfaces.
 Tissue covering outer surface of bone ...

 Periosteum consist of an inner layer
composed of osteoblasts,surrounded by
osteoprogenitor cells & an outer layer rich i...

1)Glossary of Periodontal Terms.
2)FerminA, Carranza, Newmann, Takei; clinical periodontology
;9thedition;45–51.
3)FerminA...

7)Sicher H, DuBrul EL: Oral Anatomy, ed6, St Louis, 1975
8)Otero RL, Parodi RJ, Ubios AM, et al: Histologic &
histometric ...

12) Glimcher MJ: the nature of mineral content of
bone & mechanism of calcification, Philadelphia,
1990, Saunders.
13) Wei...

Alveolar Bone

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