Sensation & Perception PowerPoint

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Sensation and Perception chapter 6

Overview <ul><li>Our sensational senses </li></ul><ul><li>Vision </li></ul><ul><li>Hearing </li></ul><ul><li>Other senses ...

Definitions <ul><li>Sensation </li></ul><ul><li>The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects ...

Ambiguous figure <ul><li>Colored surface can be either the outside front surface or the inside back surface. </li></ul><ul...

Riddle of separate sensations <ul><li>Sense receptors </li></ul><ul><li>Specialized cells that convert physical energy int...

Sensation and perception chapter 6

Specific nerve energies <ul><li>Different sensory modalities exist because signals received by the sense organs stimulate ...

Absolute threshold <ul><li>The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer </li></ul...

Absolute thresholds <ul><li>Vision </li></ul><ul><li>A single candle flame from 30 miles on a clear night </li></ul><ul><l...

Difference threshold <ul><li>The smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two ...

Signal-detection theory <ul><li>A psychophysical theory that divides the detection of a sensory signal into a sensory proc...

Sensory adaptation and deprivation <ul><li>Adaptation </li></ul><ul><li>The reduction or disappearance of sensory responsi...

Sensory overload <ul><li>Over-stimulation of the senses </li></ul><ul><li>Can use selective attention to reduce sensory ov...

Vision <ul><li>What we see </li></ul><ul><li>An eye on the world </li></ul><ul><li>Why the visual system is not a camera <...

What we see <ul><li>Hue </li></ul><ul><li>Visual experience specified by color names and related to the wavelength of ligh...

What we see chapter 6

An eye on the world <ul><li>Cornea </li></ul><ul><li>Protects eye and bends light toward lens </li></ul><ul><li>Lens </li>...

An eye on the world <ul><li>Retina </li></ul><ul><li>Neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball’s interior containing th...

Structures of the retina chapter 6

Your turn <ul><li>You have a hard time locating your red car at night, in the poorly lit mall parking lot. Why? </li></ul...

Your turn <ul><li>You have a hard time locating your red car at night, in the poorly lit mall parking lot. Why? </li></ul...

The visual system is not a camera <ul><li>Much visual processing is done in the brain </li></ul><ul><li>Some cortical cell...

Huble and Wiesel’s experiment chapter 6

Trichromatic theory <ul><li>Young (1802) and von Helmholtz (1852) both proposed that the eye detects 3 primary colors </li...

Opponent-process theory <ul><li>A competing theory of color vision, which assumes that the visual system treats pairs of c...

Form perception <ul><li>Gestalt principles describe the brain’s organization of sensory building blocks into meaningful un...

Gestalt principles <ul><li>Proximity </li></ul><ul><li>Things close to one another are grouped together </li></ul><ul><li>...

Gestalt principles <ul><li>Similarity </li></ul><ul><li>Things that are alike are perceived together </li></ul><ul><li>Con...

Your turn <ul><li>Which Gestalt principle is illustrated by the fact that we see columns of dots rather than rows in this ...

Your turn <ul><li>Which Gestalt principle is illustrated by the fact that we see columns of dots rather than rows in this ...

Depth and distance perception <ul><li>Binocular cues: visual cues that require the use of both eyes </li></ul><ul><li>Con...

Depth and distance perception <ul><li>Monocular cues: visual cues that can be used by one eye </li></ul>chapter 6

Visual constancies <ul><li>The accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patter...

The Müller-Lyer illusion chapter 6

Fooling the eye <ul><li>The cats in (a) are the same size. </li></ul><ul><li>The diagonal lines in (b) are parallel. </li>...

What we hear <ul><li>Loudness </li></ul><ul><li>The dimension of auditory experience related to the intensity of a pressur...

An ear on the world chapter 6

Auditory localization <ul><li>Sounds from different directions are not identical as they arrive at left and right ears. </...

Other senses <ul><li>Taste: savory sensations </li></ul><ul><li>Smell: the sense of scents </li></ul><ul><li>Senses of the...

Taste: savory sensations <ul><li>Taste buds </li></ul><ul><li>Nests of taste-receptor cells </li></ul>chapter 6

Five tastes <ul><li>Five basic tastes </li></ul><ul><li>Salty, sour, bitter, sweet, umami </li></ul><ul><li>Different peop...

Smell: the sense of scents <ul><li>Airborne chemical molecules enter the nose and circulate through the nasal cavity. </li...

Sensitivity to touch chapter 6

Gate-control theory of pain <ul><li>Experience of pain depends in part on whether the pain gets past a neurological “gate”...

Gate-control theory revised <ul><li>The matrix of neurons in the brain is capable of generating pain (and other sensations...

The environment within <ul><li>Kinesthesis </li></ul><ul><li>The sense of body position and movement of body parts </li></...

The visual cliff <ul><li>Glass surface, with checkerboard underneath at different heights </li></ul><ul><li>Visual illusio...

Critical period <ul><li>If infants miss out on experiences during a crucial period of time, perception will be impaired. <...

Psychological and cultural influences <ul><li>We are more likely to perceive something when we need it. </li></ul><ul><li>...

Perception vs. persuasion <ul><li>Although subliminal priming can influence judgments and preferences, research doesn’t su...

Extrasensory perception <ul><li>The ability to perceive something without ordinary sensory information </li></ul><ul><li>H...

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