The presentation descibes the history of Jönköping castle, once a central fortification in Sweden. It began as a franciscan priory in the 13th century, was turned into a royal castle after the Reformation; enlarged and modernized in the 17th century only to fall in disrepair after a devastating fire in 1734. The last visible remains were demolished in 1871. During the last two years extensive GPR surveys have reveald substantial ruins still existing beneath the ground. A large excavation has uncovered the southeastern part of the fortress - the Bastion Carolus.
Odensjö – en by som alla andra ? (V2) Odensjö - an ordinary village in southe...Claes B. Pettersson
Odensjö belongs to a large group of Swedish hamlets and villages that disappeared as a result of the agricultural reforms of the late 18th / early 19th centuries. It is first mentioned in written sources in the 14th century, but the presence of a large Iron Age cemetery right next to the site indicates a much longer past. It's name, meaning "Odins lake"points in the same direction. In the tax registers of 1542 the village is said to have seven farm. A large portion of Odensjö is then owned by members of the local elite, something that might be interpreted as the existance of a medieval manor in the preceding period. Around 1680 a new manor was established in Odensjö, this time with a direct connection to the Royal Chartered Arms Factory in nearby Jönköping. The proto-industrial production brough a certain wealth to the village during the 18th century. But the five farms that remained on the site were evicted and moved to new locations in connection with the "enskifte"-reform of 1823.
Den brinnande bygden - Arkeologi i spåren av Daniel Rantzaus fälttåg genom Sm...Claes B. Pettersson
This PowerPoint describes a military campaign in southern Sweden 445 years ago, in 1567 during the Nordic Seven Years War. Through studies of old maps, in archives and by battlefield archaeology our research project has been able to reconstruct some of the events during this violent conflict. The excavations and metal detecting has been concentrated on the Hovmejan site, the scene of a minor battle - a skirmish where professional Danish soldiers outflanked and overran Swedish forces consisting of some regular troops but the where the majority were local militia. The finds tells us of a slaughter... Revised and enlarged version, including the latest results from the research project 2010 - 2013.
This presentation combines the story behind Swedish traditions celebrating the memory of the 17th century king Gustav II Adolf and recent archaeological research in the town of Jönköping. Finds suggest a much older custom, going back to the 1640:s, and suggests who might have been the first to arrange formal celebration of the dead king, The Lion of the North" - the savior of Protestant cause in the Thir
Keramiker i kvarteret Diplomatens 1700-tal (Potters in Jonkoping during the 1...Claes B. Pettersson
The presentation shows a potters workshop from the 18th century, excavated in 2007. It contained the traces, eg. sherds from the production of three generations of craftsmen. Also specialized in making tile ovens, these potters distinctive patterns and forms can be identified - making this kind of red earthenware a useful tool for dating the local early modern structures and strata.
Odensjö – en by som alla andra ? (V2) Odensjö - an ordinary village in southe...Claes B. Pettersson
Odensjö belongs to a large group of Swedish hamlets and villages that disappeared as a result of the agricultural reforms of the late 18th / early 19th centuries. It is first mentioned in written sources in the 14th century, but the presence of a large Iron Age cemetery right next to the site indicates a much longer past. It's name, meaning "Odins lake"points in the same direction. In the tax registers of 1542 the village is said to have seven farm. A large portion of Odensjö is then owned by members of the local elite, something that might be interpreted as the existance of a medieval manor in the preceding period. Around 1680 a new manor was established in Odensjö, this time with a direct connection to the Royal Chartered Arms Factory in nearby Jönköping. The proto-industrial production brough a certain wealth to the village during the 18th century. But the five farms that remained on the site were evicted and moved to new locations in connection with the "enskifte"-reform of 1823.
Den brinnande bygden - Arkeologi i spåren av Daniel Rantzaus fälttåg genom Sm...Claes B. Pettersson
This PowerPoint describes a military campaign in southern Sweden 445 years ago, in 1567 during the Nordic Seven Years War. Through studies of old maps, in archives and by battlefield archaeology our research project has been able to reconstruct some of the events during this violent conflict. The excavations and metal detecting has been concentrated on the Hovmejan site, the scene of a minor battle - a skirmish where professional Danish soldiers outflanked and overran Swedish forces consisting of some regular troops but the where the majority were local militia. The finds tells us of a slaughter... Revised and enlarged version, including the latest results from the research project 2010 - 2013.
This presentation combines the story behind Swedish traditions celebrating the memory of the 17th century king Gustav II Adolf and recent archaeological research in the town of Jönköping. Finds suggest a much older custom, going back to the 1640:s, and suggests who might have been the first to arrange formal celebration of the dead king, The Lion of the North" - the savior of Protestant cause in the Thir
Keramiker i kvarteret Diplomatens 1700-tal (Potters in Jonkoping during the 1...Claes B. Pettersson
The presentation shows a potters workshop from the 18th century, excavated in 2007. It contained the traces, eg. sherds from the production of three generations of craftsmen. Also specialized in making tile ovens, these potters distinctive patterns and forms can be identified - making this kind of red earthenware a useful tool for dating the local early modern structures and strata.
Georadar i Jönköping 2010 - 2011 (GPR surveys in the Jonkoping region, southe...Claes B. Pettersson
A short presentation of some of the results from using GPR (ground Penetrating Radar) on archaeological sites in and around Jonkoping in southern Sweden in 2010 and 2011.
Olof Larsson told me some fiddle-faddle about the Danes having made inroads i...Claes B. Pettersson
Paper presented at the Nordic TAG Conference in Copenhagen 2015
Abstract: The Nordic Seven Years War, 1563 – 1570, has been described as the first modern war fought in Scandinavia. It was a devastating conflict, with Danish and Swedish forces opposing each other on both land and sea. A war aim for Denmark was to restore the Kalmar Union of 1397, thus uniting the Nordic countries once more. Of greater importance however was the struggle for control of the Baltic trade routes. In 1567, this drawn-out conflict had reached a stalemate. The Danish solution was to attack the heartland of the Swedish realm; a swift strike that would force the enemy to surrender.
The Getaryggen 1567 project is following in the footsteps of this invading army. One of the battlefields has been located and partially excavated, a site where local militia had to face professional Danish soldiers. What tactics were used and how were the opposing forces armed? Could local peasants offer any real resistance to the Landsknechts of the 1560s? And what might have happened to the numerous fallen, of whom we have found no traces? Focus is also on the long-term consequences of the conflict. What happened to a population and a region that found itself in harm’s way?
The Others Shall be Ousted from Our Town…From TB to SD – tracing a tainted hi...Claes B. Pettersson
This document traces the history of a Swedish slum district from the 17th century to present day. It describes how:
1) The district originally housed wealthy manufactures but declined into a slum in the 19th century, with poor living conditions, disease, and social unrest including bread riots.
2) Excavations revealed the living spaces of the poor, who struggled with overcrowding, malnutrition, and epidemics like the 1834 cholera outbreak.
3) Tensions culminated in the 1948 Travellers Riots in which two girls were targeted, though the causes were as much about class as ethnicity.
4) Urban renewal in the 1950s demolished the slum but also erased its
Far Behind the Front. The Ambitions and Shortcomings of an Aspiring Military ...Claes B. Pettersson
1) The document discusses the city of Jönköping, Sweden and its role as a military and administrative center in the 17th century.
2) Jönköping was established to guard Sweden's southern border and serve as a supply base and manufacturing center for the army.
3) However, the ambitious plans to modernize Jönköping's fortifications and develop its industries faced shortcomings, and many projects were left unfinished due to lack of resources and changing political priorities.
Far Behind the Front. The Ambitions and Shortcomings of an Aspiring Military ...Claes B. Pettersson
A paper discussing the Swedish state and the basis for its so called Age of Greatness during the 17th - early 18th Century. With focus on the rapid mobilization and modernization of what was in fact a Military State. The Town of Jönköping serves as a fine illustration for this process with its strategic fortress and planned fortified city, protecting vital stores for the Army and two Royal Chartered factories. This paper was presented at the EAA Conference in Plzen, Czech Republic, on September 6th, 2013.
With Our Meager Resources... Jönköping - an unfinished fortified town of the ...Claes B. Pettersson
With Our Meager Resources...
Jönköping – an unfinished fortified town of the 17th century.
Jönköping belongs to a group of Scandinavian towns that were relocated and provided with a new town plan during the 17th century. Though the aim was to modernize and fortify the strategically important cities of the Realm, lack of funding made some of these projects impossible to realize. The visions of King and Council were too far removed from the harsh realities of a poorly developed country on the fringes of Europe. Even so, the undertaking was on a scale rarely seen in this part of world before. Its lasting results meant that the Renaissance town with its rectilinear plan and highly organized society was to be seen as an ideal for urban life for centuries to come.
The aim of this paper is to follow the development in Jönköping from 1612 when the medieval site was abandoned and work started on a large fortified town. Although easily defended, situated as it was on a spur of land surrounded by two lakes and vast marshlands, the very same reasons made the living conditions quite unsuitable. Large sections of the new town had to have their plots and streets raised with landfill before any houses could be built on the site. Jönköping in the 17th century with its canals and large inner harbor was planned in a fashion similar to the towns of the Low Countries. And devastating floods continued to occur.
Two new Royal Chartered factories of great strategic importance were founded in Jönköping in 1620; one for the manufacture of small arms and armor, the other producing cloth for the armed forces. Within little more than a decade a new model town was created and made to function. But the cost had been immense. And the fortifications around the town were never built – partly a result of lack of money; partly due to the new political geography after the Roskilde peace treaty of 1658.
During the same period the castle of Jönköping was restored and enlarged into one of three major fortifications guarding the southern border of the Realm together with Kalmar and Elfsborg. Recent excavations have revealed the extent of these early 17th century modifications with its large bastions, walls and moats. More unexpected were the hidden weaknesses – signs of haste and neglect during the construction period!
When summing up, the strategic town of Jönköping with its modern layout, its royal factories and a vast castle built to withstanding siege artillery, can be seen as typical for the new towns of the period. But it also illustrates the weakness of a Sweden aiming to become a major power in Northern European politics. The visions of the leading groups in the country couldn’t match the economic realities. The resources to fulfill all these ambitious plans simply weren’t there…
Paper presented at Urban Variation – Utopia, Planning and Practice
International Symposium at the University of Gothenburg 19th to 22nd of February 2013
"With Our Meager Resources... Jönköping - an unfinished fortified town of the...Claes B. Pettersson
Paper presented at the conference "Urban Variation - Utopia, Planning and Practice" at Gothenburg University, Sweden on February 21st 2013. Text for the PowerPoint presentation.
The document summarizes research into the Battle of Getaryggen in 1567 during the Nordic Seven Years War between Denmark and Sweden. Danish forces led by Daniel Rantzau launched a raid into Swedish territory, fighting and defeating a Swedish force at Getaryggen. Archaeological research has revealed details of the battle and its aftermath, showing devastation of the surrounding countryside. Villages like Vallgårda were destroyed and never rebuilt, while others like Västra Jära had their churches burned but the villages survived. The research aims to better understand not just the battle but the wider impacts of the war on the local region and its people.
The report from the GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey in the park of the late 18th century manor of Rosenlund in southern Sweden where the remains of a formal garden was found.
Inn 2010 the remains of a formal garden, dating from the late 18th century, was found at the manor of Rosenlund in southern Sweden. This presentation gives the background, the present state and the future possibilities for this unique find. It also gives a good example of the advantages of GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) for this kind of non destructive surveys.
This PowerPoint describes a military campaign in southern Sweden 445 years ago, in 1567 during the Nordic Seven Years War. Through studies of old maps, in archives and by battlefield archaeology our research project has been able to reconstruct some of the events during this violent conflict. The excavations and metal detecting has been concentrated on the Hovmejan site, the scene of a minor battle - a skirmish where professional Danish soldiers outflanked and overran Swedish forces consisting of some regular troops but the where the majority were local militia. The finds tells us of a slaughter...
Georadar i Jönköping 2010 - 2011 (GPR surveys in the Jonkoping region, southe...Claes B. Pettersson
A short presentation of some of the results from using GPR (ground Penetrating Radar) on archaeological sites in and around Jonkoping in southern Sweden in 2010 and 2011.
Olof Larsson told me some fiddle-faddle about the Danes having made inroads i...Claes B. Pettersson
Paper presented at the Nordic TAG Conference in Copenhagen 2015
Abstract: The Nordic Seven Years War, 1563 – 1570, has been described as the first modern war fought in Scandinavia. It was a devastating conflict, with Danish and Swedish forces opposing each other on both land and sea. A war aim for Denmark was to restore the Kalmar Union of 1397, thus uniting the Nordic countries once more. Of greater importance however was the struggle for control of the Baltic trade routes. In 1567, this drawn-out conflict had reached a stalemate. The Danish solution was to attack the heartland of the Swedish realm; a swift strike that would force the enemy to surrender.
The Getaryggen 1567 project is following in the footsteps of this invading army. One of the battlefields has been located and partially excavated, a site where local militia had to face professional Danish soldiers. What tactics were used and how were the opposing forces armed? Could local peasants offer any real resistance to the Landsknechts of the 1560s? And what might have happened to the numerous fallen, of whom we have found no traces? Focus is also on the long-term consequences of the conflict. What happened to a population and a region that found itself in harm’s way?
The Others Shall be Ousted from Our Town…From TB to SD – tracing a tainted hi...Claes B. Pettersson
This document traces the history of a Swedish slum district from the 17th century to present day. It describes how:
1) The district originally housed wealthy manufactures but declined into a slum in the 19th century, with poor living conditions, disease, and social unrest including bread riots.
2) Excavations revealed the living spaces of the poor, who struggled with overcrowding, malnutrition, and epidemics like the 1834 cholera outbreak.
3) Tensions culminated in the 1948 Travellers Riots in which two girls were targeted, though the causes were as much about class as ethnicity.
4) Urban renewal in the 1950s demolished the slum but also erased its
Far Behind the Front. The Ambitions and Shortcomings of an Aspiring Military ...Claes B. Pettersson
1) The document discusses the city of Jönköping, Sweden and its role as a military and administrative center in the 17th century.
2) Jönköping was established to guard Sweden's southern border and serve as a supply base and manufacturing center for the army.
3) However, the ambitious plans to modernize Jönköping's fortifications and develop its industries faced shortcomings, and many projects were left unfinished due to lack of resources and changing political priorities.
Far Behind the Front. The Ambitions and Shortcomings of an Aspiring Military ...Claes B. Pettersson
A paper discussing the Swedish state and the basis for its so called Age of Greatness during the 17th - early 18th Century. With focus on the rapid mobilization and modernization of what was in fact a Military State. The Town of Jönköping serves as a fine illustration for this process with its strategic fortress and planned fortified city, protecting vital stores for the Army and two Royal Chartered factories. This paper was presented at the EAA Conference in Plzen, Czech Republic, on September 6th, 2013.
With Our Meager Resources... Jönköping - an unfinished fortified town of the ...Claes B. Pettersson
With Our Meager Resources...
Jönköping – an unfinished fortified town of the 17th century.
Jönköping belongs to a group of Scandinavian towns that were relocated and provided with a new town plan during the 17th century. Though the aim was to modernize and fortify the strategically important cities of the Realm, lack of funding made some of these projects impossible to realize. The visions of King and Council were too far removed from the harsh realities of a poorly developed country on the fringes of Europe. Even so, the undertaking was on a scale rarely seen in this part of world before. Its lasting results meant that the Renaissance town with its rectilinear plan and highly organized society was to be seen as an ideal for urban life for centuries to come.
The aim of this paper is to follow the development in Jönköping from 1612 when the medieval site was abandoned and work started on a large fortified town. Although easily defended, situated as it was on a spur of land surrounded by two lakes and vast marshlands, the very same reasons made the living conditions quite unsuitable. Large sections of the new town had to have their plots and streets raised with landfill before any houses could be built on the site. Jönköping in the 17th century with its canals and large inner harbor was planned in a fashion similar to the towns of the Low Countries. And devastating floods continued to occur.
Two new Royal Chartered factories of great strategic importance were founded in Jönköping in 1620; one for the manufacture of small arms and armor, the other producing cloth for the armed forces. Within little more than a decade a new model town was created and made to function. But the cost had been immense. And the fortifications around the town were never built – partly a result of lack of money; partly due to the new political geography after the Roskilde peace treaty of 1658.
During the same period the castle of Jönköping was restored and enlarged into one of three major fortifications guarding the southern border of the Realm together with Kalmar and Elfsborg. Recent excavations have revealed the extent of these early 17th century modifications with its large bastions, walls and moats. More unexpected were the hidden weaknesses – signs of haste and neglect during the construction period!
When summing up, the strategic town of Jönköping with its modern layout, its royal factories and a vast castle built to withstanding siege artillery, can be seen as typical for the new towns of the period. But it also illustrates the weakness of a Sweden aiming to become a major power in Northern European politics. The visions of the leading groups in the country couldn’t match the economic realities. The resources to fulfill all these ambitious plans simply weren’t there…
Paper presented at Urban Variation – Utopia, Planning and Practice
International Symposium at the University of Gothenburg 19th to 22nd of February 2013
"With Our Meager Resources... Jönköping - an unfinished fortified town of the...Claes B. Pettersson
Paper presented at the conference "Urban Variation - Utopia, Planning and Practice" at Gothenburg University, Sweden on February 21st 2013. Text for the PowerPoint presentation.
The document summarizes research into the Battle of Getaryggen in 1567 during the Nordic Seven Years War between Denmark and Sweden. Danish forces led by Daniel Rantzau launched a raid into Swedish territory, fighting and defeating a Swedish force at Getaryggen. Archaeological research has revealed details of the battle and its aftermath, showing devastation of the surrounding countryside. Villages like Vallgårda were destroyed and never rebuilt, while others like Västra Jära had their churches burned but the villages survived. The research aims to better understand not just the battle but the wider impacts of the war on the local region and its people.
The report from the GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey in the park of the late 18th century manor of Rosenlund in southern Sweden where the remains of a formal garden was found.
Inn 2010 the remains of a formal garden, dating from the late 18th century, was found at the manor of Rosenlund in southern Sweden. This presentation gives the background, the present state and the future possibilities for this unique find. It also gives a good example of the advantages of GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) for this kind of non destructive surveys.
This PowerPoint describes a military campaign in southern Sweden 445 years ago, in 1567 during the Nordic Seven Years War. Through studies of old maps, in archives and by battlefield archaeology our research project has been able to reconstruct some of the events during this violent conflict. The excavations and metal detecting has been concentrated on the Hovmejan site, the scene of a minor battle - a skirmish where professional Danish soldiers outflanked and overran Swedish forces consisting of some regular troops but the where the majority were local militia. The finds tells us of a slaughter...
1. Undersökningen av Jönköpings slott – gamla
problem och ny teknik
Jönköpings slott 1690
Att mista ett
landmärke…
Kalmar slott 2011
2. Jönköping senhösten 1567
„Ein Kloster, welchs der Konig zu Schweden
angefangen hat zubefestigen, ligt oben in dem
Stettlein an einem schönen fliessenden wasser. War
also statlich mit hohen wellen, tiffen graben vnd
pasteien zubefestigen angefangen, dass sie es vor
vnser macht, wo sie sich selbst getrauet, leichtlich
hetten halten konnen.” (Rördam 1884:20)
Ögonvittnet Daniel Rantzau
Vi frilägger
Jönköpings slott
444 år senare…
3. Jönköpings slott
Ett värn för Riket
…fram till 1658
Jönköping fungerar som :
•Fästning
•Garnison
•Mobiliseringsbas
•Kronans faktoriort
Älvsborg
Jönköping
•Stapelstad
Kalmar
4. Varför uppkom staden?
•Vägmötet
•Hamnläget
•Järnet
•Vattenkraften och fisket
•Gränsen mot Danmark
•…och Kungsgården Junabäck?
6. Gråbrödernas hus i
Jönköping 1283 - 1540
Gardianens sigill
Klostret
Profiltegel från klostret – mittstolpe i gotiskt fönster
7.
8. Flemings bastioner
Två ögonblicksbilder
av
Jönköpings slott
År 1605
År 1617
9. Under uppförande - 1625
Heinrich Thomes karta över byggarbetsplats Jönköping
10. Olof Hansson
Örnehufvuds
ombyggnadsplaner
1636
I grund och botten Flemings slott …
…blir till riksfästningen Jönköpings
slott.
En ambitiös modernisering :
•Förhöjda vallar
•Påbyggda kasematter
•Raveliner
•Yttre vall och grav
11. Carl Hårlemans
slott
Förslag till nytt
landshövdingeresidens i
Jönköping presenterat
1752
…ett Övedskloster i
norra Småland!
Stannar på
ritbordet, eftersom det
saknas medel i
Frihetstidens Sverige.
12. Den romantiska ruinens
1700-tal
Akvarell av Jonas Carl Linnerhjelm, daterad 20 januari 1790
14. Bilden av slottet under 1860-tal
Bastion Adolphus och västra graven. Foto ca 1860
Bastion Adolphus NV hörn
Huvudporten och bastion Christina demoleras
15. Under asfalten…
Bastion Carolus 2009
Sjömuren 2007
…finns en fästning
Rum inne i Carolus 2009
16. Georadar på Västra
kajen 2010
Gustav Vasas
torn?
…ger oväntade resultat!
17. Bastion Adolphus
(Per Brahegymnasiets gård)
• Hans Flemings första bastion
• Till största riven
• Kvar ligger gevärsgalleri (sydfasad)
• Grunder till Place des Armes
• …och ca 1 m fyllningsjord som
överlagrar markytan år 1600!
• Notera det 7 m breda okända
schaktet!
19. Kranfoto
Arkeologi på slottet 2011 - 12
Schaktning – ingen plats för penslar
Murverksdokumentation
Inmätning
20. Bastion Carolus
uppförd 1605 -08 efter
Hans Flemings ritningar
Stenhuggarens märke
Bastionens murar i september 2011
Kanonport för bestrykande eldgivning Avbrottet. Nya planer efter 1612
21. Undersökningsytan
…och en fråga om proportioner
FU 2011 = ett stort fält på 2700 m2
• En bråkdel av fästningens totala yta
• Hittills har enbart vallar, bastioner &
gravar berörts arkeologiskt
• SU 2012 kan komma att frilägga dels ett
av Gustav Vasas hörntorn, dels murar från
södra längans östra gavel
22. Detaljer & tolkningar
• Slotts/klosterträdgården och Jens prover
• Oljeutsläppet
• Strandlinjen enligt Dahlberg & Winroth
• Kasematter och embrassyrer
• Gustav Vasas ”posteiJ”
• Södra fasadens korrekta läge
23. Bastion Carolus
1605 - 1612
Norra och västra flanken
* Märkbara kvalitetsskillnader
* Notera murtjocklek …med ett utsatt
läge i väst men förhållandevis skyddat
vid norra flanken
Osakkunnigt utfört arbete. Förskalning
murad utan förband…
24. Västra flanken
ca 1605
Kanonport
Uppförd enligt
Flemings
plan, men….
Utfallsport
25. Ett byggnadsverk fyllt
av motsättningar!
Bärande mur i den västra flanken av bastion
Carolus. I ett utsatt läge där muren kan bli
utsatt för artilleribeskjutning…
•Närmast en skalmur
•Fylld med löst liggande tegelskrot och bitar
av murbruk Trappa och smal port i förbindelsegång
•Hålrum i muren som ej fyllts med kalkbruk …där framkomlighet borde vara A och O…
26. Grundvatten …ett
problem för Hans
Fleming 1605
Synliga sättningar i murverket närmast Munksjöns
strand.
Borrning för wellpoint 2012 …och slottsbyggmästare Fleming bad om kungligt
rivningstillstånd för delar av bastion Carolus
1617!!!
28. Spår av fästningens sista tid
Igenmurad kanonport
Bryggeriernas kylförråd i
kasematterna
Stenbrottet för den nya
hamnen 1834 - 35
Norra fasaden med huggen sten bortbruten
29. Åren efter
rivningen
Västra kajen 1862
Stadens nya
djuphamn
och
ångbåtskaj
1800-talsbrunn på stranden Broläggning och magasinsgrund
30. Små ting – stora berättelser
Provtagning för makrobotanisk analys
Soldatens viska – lindad med tråd från värjfästet
Karolinens uniformsknapp
Klostertegel
Datering av markyta
34. Västra embrassyren i bastion Carolus norra flank
Östväggen. Ett väl utfört hanverk från 1610 – 11
Sandsten från Trånghalla
35. Murar som
historisk källa
Byggt efter planen
…eller byggt inför belägring?
Händelserna 1612 speglade i
murverket
36. Kalkbruket som historisk källa
Bruk från västra embrassyren - tunnslip
Bruk från förslutningsmuren - tunnslip
37. Att bevara och inkludera…
Problem:
• Grundvatten
• Nya grunder
• Bärande element
• Insyn
• Tillgänglighet
• Belysning
• Ansvar
• Underhåll
Förslag till hur ruinen byggs in
38. Det förflutnas
närvaro
i stadsrummet
Tönsberg Tallinn
Västra kajen i Jönköping – en mötesplats med historiskt djup!