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ACCORDING BHU ENTRANCE SYLLABUS :
❏ Polypetalae:-
A.Thalamiflorae:(superior)
1.Ranunculaceae
2.Papaveraceae
B.Disciflorae:(superior)
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3.Rutaceae
C.Calyciflorae:(inferior)
4.Combretaceae
5.Apiaceae
6.Cucurbitaceae
7.Rosaceae
8.Myrtaceae
❏ Gamopetalae:
A.inferae:(inferior)
9.Asteraceae
10.Rubiaceae
B.Bicarpellatae:(superior)
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11.Convolvulaceae
12.Scrophulariaceae
13.Verbenaceae
14.Asclepiadaceae
15.Acanthceae
16.Solanaceae
17.Lamiaceae
18.Apocynaceae
Heteromerae:
❏ Monochlamydae:
A.Curvembryae:(superior)
19.Polygonaceae
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B.Unisexuales:(superior)
20.Euphorbiaceae
❏ Monocot:-
A.Epigynae:(inferior)
21.Zingiberaceae
B.Coronarieae:-(superior)
22.Liliaceae
C.Glumaceae:-(superior)
23.Cyperaceae
24.Poaceae
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Placentation in families plants :-
Basal placentation:-
1.Poaceae
2.Cyperaceae
3.Asteraceae
4.Polygonaceae
5.Ranunculaceae
Marginal placentation:
1.Apocyanaceae
2.Asclepiadaceae
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3.Ranunculaceae (delphinium)
Parital placentation:
1.Cucurbitaceae
2.Papaveraceae
Pendulus placentation:
1.Combretaceae
2.Rutaceae (apple)
Axile placentation:
1.Liliaceae
2.Euphorbiaceae
3.Zingiberaceae
4.Solanaceae
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5.Lamiaceae
6.Acanthaceae
7.Verbenaceae
8.Scrophulariaceae
9.Convolvulaceae
10.Rubiaceae
11.Myrtaceae
12.Apiaceae
13.Rosaceae
14.Rutaceae
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Different types of fruits in different families:-
➢ Simple fruit
➢ Aggegrate fruit
➢ Composite fruit
★ Simple fruit:-1. Fleshy fruit
2.Dry fruit
1.Fleshy fruit:-1.Drupe
2.Berry
3.Pepo
4.Hespridium
5.Balausta
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6.Amphisarca
2.Dry fruit:-(A).indehisent
(B)Dehisent
(C)Schizocarpic
1.Indehiscent:-1.cypsella
2.cryopsis
3.Achene
4.Nut
5.Samara
2.Dehisent:- 1.Legume
2.Follical
3.Siliqua
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4.Silicula
5.Capsule
3.Schizocarpic:-1.Cremocarp
2.Regma
3.Lomentum
4.Utrical
❖ Aggegrate Follical fruit:- ex.Calotropis
❖ Aggegrate Achene fruit:- ex.Rose
FRUITS IN DIFFERENT FAMILIES:-
❏ (A).Ranunculaceae:- 1.Achene(ranunculus)
2.Follical (delphinium)
3.Capsule (Nigella sativa)
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❏ Papaveraceae:- Capsule
❏ Rutaceae:-Hespridium
❏ Combretaceae:-Drupe
❏ Apiaceae:-Cremocarp
❏ Cucurbitaceae:-Pepo
❏ Rosaceae:-1.Achene :-Rose
2.Pome :-Apple
3.Drupe:- Baddam
❏ Myrtaceae:-Capsule
❏ Asteraceae:-Cypsella
❏ Rubiaceae:-Capsule
❏ Convolvulaceae:- Capsule
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❏ Scrophulariaceae:-Capsule
❏ Verbenaceae:-Drupe
❏ Asclepiadaceae:-Follical
❏ Acanthaceae:- Capsule
❏ Solanaceae:-Berry
❏ Lamiaceae:- Achene
❏ Apocynaceae:-Follical
❏ Polygonaceae:- Achene
❏ Euphorbiaceae:-1.Capsule
2.Ragma(Riccinus )
❏ Zingiberaceae:-Capsule
❏ Liliaceae:-Capsule
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❏ Cyperaceae-Achene
❏ Poaceae:- Cryopsis
❖ Capsule:papaveraceae, Acanthaceae,
Liliaceae
Convolvulaceae,
Rubiaceae, Zingiberaceae
Euphorbiaceae,
Scrophulariaceae..myrtaceae
❖ Achene:-Ranunculaceae,
Rosaceae,Cyperaceae
Polygonaceae,lamiaceae
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❖ Follical:-Asclepidaceae,
Apocynaceae
❖ Drupe: Verbenaceae
Combretaceae
❖ Hespridium:-Rutaceae
❖ Cypsella:-Asteraceae
❖ Cryopsis: Poaceae
❖ Berry:-Solanaceae
❖ Pepo:-Cucurbitaceae
❖ Cremocarp:-Apiaceae
❖ Amphisarca:- Agele marmelos
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Symmetry of flowers:-
Actinomorphic Symmetry:-
1.papaveraceae
2.Rutaceae
3.Myrtaceae
4.Rosaceae
5.Combretaceae
6.Rubiaceae
7.Asclepiadaceae
8.Apocynaceae
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9.Acanthaceae
10.Solanaceae
11.Liliaceae
12.Euphorbiaceae
13.Ranunculaceae
14.Asteraceae
Zygomorphic Symmetry:-
1.Cyperaceae
2.Poaceae
3.Zingiberaceae
4.Polygonaceae
5.Lamiaceae
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6.Verbenaceae
7.Scrophulariaceae
8.Cucurbitaceae
9.Apiaceae
10.Convolvulaceae
11.Asteraceae(Ray floret)
12.Ranunculaceae(Delphinium)
Inflorescence
1.Ranunculaceae- Dichasial cyme
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Solitary
2.Papaveracea-Axillary,solitary
3.Rutaceae-Solitary
4.Combretaceae-Racemose
Spike
5.Apiaceae-Umbel
6.Cucurbitaceae-Solitary
7.Rosaceae-Solitary,axillary
8.Myrtaceae-Cymose
Pendent(Callistimone)
9.Asteraceae-Head &Capitullum
( Advanced)
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10.Rubiaceae-bi-trichasial
11.Convolvulaceae- axillary
12.Scrophulariaceae-Solitary
13.Verbenaceae-Umbel
14.Asclepiadaceae-Cymose,
Dichasial
15.Acanthaceae-Spike
16.Solanaceae-extra axillary cyme
17.Lamiaceae-Verticillaster
18.Apocynaceae-Cymose
19.Polygonaceae-Racemose
20.Euphorbiaceae-Cyathium
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21.Zingiberaceae-Cymose
22.Liliaceae-Umbel
23.Cyperaceae-Spike
24.Poaceae-Spike
Plants used for Asthama Treatment:-
1.Tylophora indica (Asclepiadaceae)
2.Adhothoda versica (Acanthaceae)
3.Dhatura stramonium (Solanaceae)
5.Jasminum officinale (Solanaceae)
6.Withania somnifera (Solanaceae)
7.Nigella sativa(Ranunculaceae)
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Easy tricks to learn Plant Taxonomy