systemic pharmacology (cholinergic & anticholinergic drugs)

1. SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY
DRUGS ACTING ON
AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
(CHOLINERGIC &
ANTI CHOLINERGIC
DRUGS)

2. CLASSIFY
ANS
2
NEUROHUMORAL
TRANSMISSION

4. Blood vessels ,spleen, sweat glands and hair follicles receive only
sympathetic
ciliary muscle ,bronchial smooth muscle, gastric and pancreatic glands
receive only parasympathetic
hypothalamus regulates autonomic function
( posterior and Lateral nuclei sympathetic
anterior and medial nuclei parasympathetic)
Enteric nervous system receive input from both sympathetic and
parasympathetic, it integrates bowel movements as well as regulate
secretion and absorption

5. NEUROIMMUNAL TRANSMISSION

7. 1 IMPULSE CONDUCTION
Polarization - resting membrane potential is –70 mV
due to high potassium ions inside axon and more sodium ions
outside axon
high potassium permeability ,low sodium permeability
Depolarization and overshoot reverse polarization is caused by
arrival of Electric impulse which cause sudden increase in sodium
conductance potential is +20mV
repolarization K + ions move out in the direction of concentration
gradient ,ionic distribution normalized by Na –K pump

8. 1
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9. 2 TRANSMITTER RELEASE
Neurotransmitters( excitatory or inhibitory) are stored within
synaptic vesicles in pre- junctional nerve endings
calcium entry fluidizes vascular membrane and all contents
(transmitter, proteins,enzymes) are excluded by exocytosis in
junctional cleft
the release process can be modulated through activation of
specific receptors on pre junc. cell membrane by transmitter or
other agents

11. 3 TRANSLATER ACTION ON POST
JUNCTIONAL MEMBRANE
Released transmitter combines with receptor on postjunctional
membrane and induces excitatory postsynaptic potential EPSP
or IPSP

12. 4 POST JUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY - A supra threshold EPSP
generates a nerve impulse causing either contraction( in
muscle) or secretion( in gland) And
I PSP stabilize post junctional membrane and resist
depolarizing stimuli
5 TERMINATION- either locally degraded or taken back into pre
junctional neuron by actively reuptake or diffusion
rate of termination governs rate at which response can be
transmitted

16. SYNTHESIS OF ACH
ATP + ACETATE +CoEn A
Acetate activating reaction
ACETYL CoEn A
CHOLINE choline acetyl transferase
ACETYL CHOLINE + CoEn A

17. Choline is actively taken up by axonal membrane and
acetylated with ATP and coenzyme A bY enzyme choline
acetyltransferase present in axoplasm
hemicholinium block choline uptake and depletes ACH
Vesamicol block vesicular uptake of ACH
botulinum toxin inhibits ACH release causing long-lasting
loss of cholinergic transmission at the injection site and
paralysis of supplied muscle
immediately after release ACH hydrolysed by enzyme
cholinesterase and choline is recycled