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Dasar Pemrogaman
   Komputer  
    (CEB 226)

              Oleh:
      Jazaul Ikhsan, Ph. D

    Jurusan Teknik Sipil
 Semester Genap 2010/2011
Materi Perkuliahan:
 •   Bab I : Pendahuluan
 •   Bab II : Bahasa Fortran
 •   Bab III : Pemrograman dengan Bahasa Fortran
 •   Bab IV : Statemen Input Output
 •   Bab V : Statemen Stop-End
 •   Bab VI : Statemen Control
 •   Bab VII : Statemen Continue
 •   Bab VIII : Variabel Berindex
 •   Bab IX : Statemen Function dan Sub Program
 •   Bab X : Pemrograman dengan Matlab
Bab III. Pemrograman dengan Bahasa
                   Fortran
Karakter yang dikenal dalam Fortran:
•    Karakter alphabetis = A-Z
•    Karakter numeris = 0, 1-9
•    Karakter blank (kosong)
•    Karakter khusus (spesial) = ?, = ! + - dll
Operasi Aritmetika:
Perlu dikenal beberapa cara penulisan, antara
lain:
 – Konstanta
 – Variabel
 – Operator
 – Statemen Aritmetika
 – Operator Aritmetika
Konstanta
Konstanta dalam Fortran dikenal 2 macam:
  – Konstanta bulat (Integer):
     • konstanta tidak mengandung titik desimal
     • Tidak ada pecahan
     • Dihindarkan dari perhitungan pembagian atau
       perkalian
     • Digunakan untuk operasi pangkat
Konstanta
Konstanta dalam Fortran dikenal 2 macam:
  – Konstanta bilangan nyata (Real):
     •   konstanta yang mengandung titik desimal
     •   Ada nilai pecahan
     •   Dapat dipergunakan untk semua perhitungan
     •   Bisa dinyatakan dengan eksponential
          Konstanta Integer       Konstanta Real
                  5                    5.0
                 47                   47.00
                -200                 -200.0
                  0                     0.
Variabel
• Guna variabel: untuk menyimpan konstanta
• Aturan penulisan variabel dalam Fortran:
  – Minimum 1 karakter, maksimum 6 karakter
  – Huruf pertama selalu alphabetis
  – Tidak boleh menggunakan karakter khusus
  – Tidak boleh ada blank ditengah
  – Tidak boleh memakai kata standar yang dipakai
    Fortran, contoh: Read, Write, Goto dll
• Ada 2 macam variabel:
  – Variabel Integer:
     • Untuk menyimpan konstanta integer
     • Dimulai dengan huruf I, J, K, L, M, N


  – Variabel Real
     • Untuk menyimpan kontanta real
     • Dimulai dengan huruf selain I, J, K, L, M, N
Statemen Aritmetika
• Pernyataan hitungan yang hasilnya disimpan
  dalam variabel yang terletak di sebelah kiri
  tanda “=“
• Bentuk Umum:
  – Var=ekpresi
  – Contoh:
     • Y = sin x
     • Y = 3x + 2 cos x
Operator Aritmetika
Operasi Trigonometri
• Ekspresi yang dikenal dalam fortran berbentuk
  radian, bukan derajat.

• Diperlukan konversi ke bentuk radian
Operasi Logaritma
• Berbasis angka natural, bukan sepuluh.
Operasi nalar
• Digunakan jika ada syarat yang harus
  terpenuhi sebelum menghitung/memproses
  sebuah rumus.

• Contoh Penggunaan:
  – Menghitung akar persamaan,
  – Menghitung nilai momen dsb
Dpk 3
Dpk 3

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Dpk 3

  • 1. Dasar Pemrogaman Komputer   (CEB 226) Oleh: Jazaul Ikhsan, Ph. D Jurusan Teknik Sipil Semester Genap 2010/2011
  • 2. Materi Perkuliahan: • Bab I : Pendahuluan • Bab II : Bahasa Fortran • Bab III : Pemrograman dengan Bahasa Fortran • Bab IV : Statemen Input Output • Bab V : Statemen Stop-End • Bab VI : Statemen Control • Bab VII : Statemen Continue • Bab VIII : Variabel Berindex • Bab IX : Statemen Function dan Sub Program • Bab X : Pemrograman dengan Matlab
  • 3. Bab III. Pemrograman dengan Bahasa Fortran Karakter yang dikenal dalam Fortran: • Karakter alphabetis = A-Z • Karakter numeris = 0, 1-9 • Karakter blank (kosong) • Karakter khusus (spesial) = ?, = ! + - dll
  • 4. Operasi Aritmetika: Perlu dikenal beberapa cara penulisan, antara lain: – Konstanta – Variabel – Operator – Statemen Aritmetika – Operator Aritmetika
  • 5. Konstanta Konstanta dalam Fortran dikenal 2 macam: – Konstanta bulat (Integer): • konstanta tidak mengandung titik desimal • Tidak ada pecahan • Dihindarkan dari perhitungan pembagian atau perkalian • Digunakan untuk operasi pangkat
  • 6. Konstanta Konstanta dalam Fortran dikenal 2 macam: – Konstanta bilangan nyata (Real): • konstanta yang mengandung titik desimal • Ada nilai pecahan • Dapat dipergunakan untk semua perhitungan • Bisa dinyatakan dengan eksponential Konstanta Integer Konstanta Real 5 5.0 47 47.00 -200 -200.0 0 0.
  • 7. Variabel • Guna variabel: untuk menyimpan konstanta • Aturan penulisan variabel dalam Fortran: – Minimum 1 karakter, maksimum 6 karakter – Huruf pertama selalu alphabetis – Tidak boleh menggunakan karakter khusus – Tidak boleh ada blank ditengah – Tidak boleh memakai kata standar yang dipakai Fortran, contoh: Read, Write, Goto dll
  • 8. • Ada 2 macam variabel: – Variabel Integer: • Untuk menyimpan konstanta integer • Dimulai dengan huruf I, J, K, L, M, N – Variabel Real • Untuk menyimpan kontanta real • Dimulai dengan huruf selain I, J, K, L, M, N
  • 9. Statemen Aritmetika • Pernyataan hitungan yang hasilnya disimpan dalam variabel yang terletak di sebelah kiri tanda “=“ • Bentuk Umum: – Var=ekpresi – Contoh: • Y = sin x • Y = 3x + 2 cos x
  • 11. Operasi Trigonometri • Ekspresi yang dikenal dalam fortran berbentuk radian, bukan derajat. • Diperlukan konversi ke bentuk radian
  • 12. Operasi Logaritma • Berbasis angka natural, bukan sepuluh.
  • 13. Operasi nalar • Digunakan jika ada syarat yang harus terpenuhi sebelum menghitung/memproses sebuah rumus. • Contoh Penggunaan: – Menghitung akar persamaan, – Menghitung nilai momen dsb