Doing development oriented agronomy

ASSIGNMENT
DOING DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED AGRONOMY
WRITTEN BY
Muhammad Habib Ullah
2015-ag-7783
SUBMITTED TO
Prof. Dr. MASOOD AWAN

AN INTRODUCTION TO AGRONOMY
The word Agronomy has been derived from the two Greek words, agros and
nomos having the meaning of field and to manage, respectively. Literally,
agronomy means the “art of managing field”. Technically, it means the “science
and economics of crop production by management of farm land”.
Agronomy is the art and underlying science in production and improvement of
field crops with the efficient use of soil fertility, water, laborer and other factors
related to crop production. Agronomy is the field of study and practice of ways
and means of production of food, feed and fiber crops. Agronomy is defined as “a
branch of agricultural science which deals with principles and practices of field
crop production and management of soil for higher productivity

How Agronomy Plays Role in National Development?
Agriculture plays an important role in National development as well as the
Branch of agriculture “Agronomy” also plays an important role in the National
Development.
In Agriculture Various Departments plays its role but the Agronomy is plays its
most important part in National Development Because all major and minor crops
which are cash or important crop for Human and animals, its all the Part of
Agronomy. Therefore, The Agronomy the main factor of National
Development……

In next Slides we discuss in details that How Agronomy Plays Role in
National Development?
And in next Slides we also discuss about How Agronomy Plays its
important Role in Pakistan's National Development?
How Agronomy Plays Role in National Development?

1) Agronomist
2) Source of income
3) Source of employment
4) Food scenario
5) Raw material for industries
6) Infrastructural development
7) Source of foreign exchange
8) Modern techniques
9) Development of banking sector
10) Farm mechanization
11) Use of Nanotechnology
12) Role of textile industries

Agronomist

1. Agronomist:.
Agronomists is the main key of agronomy and for development of a nation.
They shares their knowledge, skills and researches to the farmers to improve the
farming abilities. Agronomist shares new varieties, techniques, technologies to the
farmers to built a literate and developed nation. Agronomists can specialize in a
number of different fields, but most focus on increasing the quality and quantity of
plants produced, particularly for food stores. Typically an Agronomist will spend
their workdays performing experiments on plants to improve their durability,
longevity, and crop yield. The idea is to provide the most lush, disease-free crops as
possible.

Source of

2. Source of income Diversity:.
for instance a country may have gold or oil but on the
other hand it produces agronomy commodity for foreign
exchange. It diversify its income source by having Agronomy
as a plan B, this also provides the country with a resilience and
resistance against economic shocks. An example like Nigeria
where they depend on oil but also produce cocoa and followed
by rubber. Like Agronomy is the source of income for peoples.
Everyone works for income and income is very important for
development of any nation.

3. Source of employment:.
Agronomy contributes a great share to the economy at national
level by providing employment to people especially the youth. This in
turn contributes positively to the nation by reduction of poverty.

4. Food Scenario:.
In point of view of food scenario, Agronomy is the main
Department of Agriculture in which all Cereal crops are come. Cereals
area grown throughout the world to provide food for the human
consumption and feed and fodder for livestock. Agronomy gives food to
every nation. Therefore, Agronomy is the main role of any national
development.

5. Raw material for industries:.
Agronomy gives raw material for different industries. With the
help of raw material, different products are made and comes in market.
Like sugar made from sugarcane, rice made from raw rice, clothes made
from cotton etc….

6. Infrastructural development:.
Infrastructure plays very important role to development of any
economy. It is fuel to the economy development. Well organized
infrastructure is a key to development because of quick means of
transportation of agronomy goods or commodities (raw material or
finish goods) and communication. On distribution purpose of agronomy
products good and quick means of transportation are required this
intends to improve the infrastructure rapidly. So Agronomy play
important role to the development of transportation for the purpose of
distribution of goods.

7. Source of foreign exchange:.
Agriculture has by been one of the greatest source of foreign
exchange after other professions. For countries like Thailand that
produce rice upon which majority of the developing countries are
feeding, Malaysia that produce palm oil. And other countries. Many
countries with good and suitable land depend solely on Agriculture not
only agronomic but also livestock products like frozen chicken.

8. Modern techniques:.
in Agriculture or Agronomy, Modern techniques are the main
factors of developing a country. Farmers use new technologies, modern
techniques to built high yield in crops.

9. Development of banking sector:.
Agriculture has also contributed a great role toward the
development of banking sector. As the government realized the
importance of agriculture, it takes steps to improve the productivity of
crops by providing the credit facilities to the farmers at low interest
rates. With utilizing these credits farmers can produce more and more
crops. For this purpose government established the ZTBL and other
financial institutes for the provision of credit facilities. So in this way
development of banking sector takes place

10. Farm mechanization:.
Farm mechanization in agronomy had played very effective role
in the development of economy. With the use of modern machinery in
agricultural lands causes more and high quality production of crops. So
the provision of raw material to the industries increases. Due to increase
in productivity level the export rate of major export crops is increased
which causes foreign exchange and economic development

11. Use of Nanotechnology:.
In Agronomy use of modern technology like nanotechnology has
played very vital role in the development of economy. This technology
is used for producing the high yielding variety with high quality
products. High quality products results into high rate of return to the
farmers and the per capita income of farmer increases. Increase in per
capita income shows the growth of economy toward development.

12. Role of textile industries:.
In economic development textile industries plays very important
role. These industries totally dependent on agronomy production in raw
form. Cotton is the major crop which is used as raw material for these
industries for production purpose. Further these products are exported to
many economies against foreign exchange. So cotton as raw material
from agronomy side contributes toward increase in NI (National
Income). Textile industries also provide employment level which
increases the per capita income of the person. So we can say that
contribution of textile industries in the development of economy has
much importance.

ORIENTED OF AGRONOMY IN PAKISTAN
DEVELOPMENT
1. Role of Agronomy Crops
2. Role of sugar industries
3. Rice Export Corporation
4. Contribution in exports
5. Increase in GDP level
6. Decreasing in rural poverty

DEVELOPMENT
• Role of Agronomy Crops:.
The most widely used indicator of crop productivity is production per unit of
land (also referred to as crop yield). In general, crop yields in LDCs are low relative
to those in other developing countries. Yields of the basic food commodities
(cereals, roots and tubers and oil crops) are less than half the average for developing
countries, although there is much variation among countries. There thus appears to
be potential for substantial gains in productivity. Unlike most other developing
countries, growth in agriculture in LDCs owes a great deal to area expansion rather
than to advances in yields. For example, area expansion accounted for 77 percent of
the growth in cereal production in LDCs during 1981-89 and for 72 percent in 1990-
99, and higher yields for only 23 percent and 27 percent respectively (Annex Table
5). For rice, maize and fiber crops, however, a relatively high and increasing
contribution was made by productivity improvements (yields). All cereal crops are
the part of Agronomy. Agronomy crops plays an important role in the development
of Pakistan. Main major crops discussed in next slides.

Main Major crops Of Agronomy
1) Wheat
2) Rice
3) Sugarcane
4) Cotton
5) Maize

DEVELOPMENT
1) Wheat:.
Country largest crop is WHEAT. 21.6 million metric tons (2005).
Which is more than what all Africa produced (20million) and nearly
equal what all South America produced (24 million).23-25 million tons
of wheat in 2012. Wheat production stood at 25.492 million tones
during 2017 recording a decline of 4.4 percent over the production of
26.674 million tones last year. Wheat accounts for 9.1 percent of the
value added in agriculture and 1.7 percent of GDP of Pakistan.

DEVELOPMENT
2) Rice:.
In Pakistan, Rice is an important food as well as cash crop. After
wheat, it is the second main staple food crop and second major
exportable commodity after cotton. Pakistan exports 3.75 million tons.
573 USD per metric ton. During 2017-18, rice accounts for 3.1 percent
in the value added in agriculture and 0.6 percent of GDP.

DEVELOPMENT
3) Sugarcane:.
Sugarcane is high value cash crop of Pakistan and is significantly
important for sugar and sugar related industries in the national economy.
It provides raw material for Sugar industry which is the country’s
second largest agro-industry sector after textiles. The year 2017-18,
witnessed another record season for the sugarcane crop production at
81.102 million tones showing an increase of 7.4 percent over the last
year’s production of 75.482 tones which comfortably exceeded the
target of 70.3 million tones by a considerable margin of 15.4 percent. Its
production accounts 3.6 percent in agriculture’s value addition and 0.7
percent in overall GDP.

DEVELOPMENT
4) Cotton:.
Pakistan is World’s 4th largest producer of the COTTON.
Pakistan is World’s 3rd largest exporter of raw cotton. COTTON
produced is 15.6 million bales (2012). Bale of cotton is about 500
pounds. Rate per pound in US $ 0.84. During 2017-18, cotton
production stood at 11.935 million bales and recorded growth of 11.8
percent over the production of 10.671 million bales during same period
last year. Cotton crop has 1.0 percent share in GDP and contributes 5.5
percent in agriculture value addition

DEVELOPMENT
5) Maize:.
During 2017-18, maize crop was cultivated on an area of 1,229
thousand hectares and witnessed decline of 8.8 percent over last year’s
cultivated area of 1,348 thousand hectares. Maize crop production
recorded a decline of 7.0 percent as its production stood at 5.702 million
tones compared to the last year’s production of 6.134 million tones.
Maize contribute 2.4 percent value added in agriculture and 0.5 percent
to GDP.

Role of sugar industries:.
Sugar industry is also one of the major sectors of economy which
has great importance according to development of Pakistan. This is
totally Agronomy based industry. Sugar cane is produced on very large
scale in many areas of Pakistan. This further supplies to sugar industries
for the production of sugar and other by products which has great
market. As large scale industries these also helps to provide employment
level to the public. This results into increase in per capita income as well
as improves living standards
DEVELOPMENT

Rice Export Corporation:.
Many areas of Pakistan have much importance according to the
production of rice crop. In some areas the world most famous rice crop
is produced. A huge quantity is exported to many economies against
foreign exchange. This foreign exchange is further utilized in import of
some other products like modern technology or machinery or this is
utilized for the improvement of infrastructure of the economy.
DEVELOPMENT

Contribution in exports:.
Major exports or cash crops of Pakistan are wheat, rice and
cotton. 9.8 billion Bales of cotton are produced per year. Rice crop is
produced 4.3 million ton per year. These agronomical commodities are
exported to various countries against foreign exchange. This foreign
exchange is utilized for the import of industrial or technological
equipment's such as machinery or automobiles. Further this foreign
exchange is utilized to improve the infrastructure of economy or for
improving the other sector of economy like education, health and
investments.
DEVELOPMENT

Increase in GDP level:.
Agriculture has huge contribution toward GDP of Pakistan
economy. it contributes about 25% of total GDP, which is larger than
other sectors of Pakistan. Increase in GDP shows the developing
progress of the economy. It has played very important role since
independence toward GDP of Pakistan. Now agriculture is the 3rd
largest sector of contributing to GDP. Agronomy is the huge sector of
agriculture in order to providing the employment. Employment
contribute to GDP, it is as with the increase in employment the per
capita income will increase which results to increase in GDP rate of the
economy.
DEVELOPMENT

Decreasing in rural poverty:.
Agriculture sector has played very important role in order to
reduction of rural poverty. Since 1975 to 2000 the GDP growth rate of
agriculture was about 4.1% per year. Green revolution technology in
Agronomy (irrigation, improved seeds and fertilizers) played very vital
role to increase the agricultural production which results in increase in
GDP. Through this technology farmers with land gain the opportunity to
increase their production. So in this way arable lands became cultivated
lands and farmers got the market of agricultural products against some
return.
DEVELOPMENT

Doing development oriented agronomy

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