Meiosis is a cell division process that produces gametes, such as sperm or egg cells, with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. It involves two rounds of cell division called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I separates the pairs of homologous chromosomes, while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids so that the final gametes have just one chromosome from each pair in the parent cell.