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Daniel McCarthy's essay discusses how wars have impacted the dominance of the two major US political parties over time. McCarthy argues that while two parties exist, usually only one truly governs at a time. He claims the Vietnam War hurt Democrats in 1969 similar to how the Iraq War damaged Republicans. The author agrees with some of McCarthy's points but disagrees that the wars themselves had the greatest impact, arguing that media coverage of the wars was more influential. Overall, the response praises McCarthy's essay for providing historical perspective on how wars shape perceptions of political parties, though questions some of his specific analogies and conclusions.
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- Many Americans have poor geographic knowledge about locations abroad like Japan and the UK. However, public opinion on foreign policy issues can be relatively coherent.
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Taylor Block’s Discussion Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga’s rec.docx
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It Was Vital Not to Lose Vietnam by Force to Communism” .docx
“It Was Vital Not to Lose Vietnam by Force to
Communism”: Leslie Gelb Analyzes the Roots of U.S.
Involvement in Vietnam
During World War II, the U.S. collaborated with the resistance group the Vietminh and
their leader, Ho Chi Minh, in their fight against Japan. In the postwar period, however,
the U.S. feared Communist expansion into Southeast Asia. In 1954, as France withdrew
its forces in defeat, the Geneva Accords established the countries of Laos, Cambodia, and
Vietnam. Vietnam was partitioned into north and south sectors until elections to be held
by 1956. Fearing a victory by Ho Chi Minh, the Eisenhower administration collaborated
with the South Vietnam leadership to prevent elections and subsequently sent military aid
and advisors. Under President John F. Kennedy, the number of “advisors” increased to
more than 16,000, some of whom engaged in counterinsurgency efforts and actual
combat. Although Kennedy opposed large scale U.S. involvement, his successor, Lyndon
Johnson, began regular bombings and escalated troops to more than 500,000 by 1967.
Johnson’s successor, Richard Nixon, scaled back to 39,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam by
September 1972, but initiated bombing raids into Cambodia in 1969 and sent ground
troops there in 1970. The U.S. and North Vietnam reached a cease-fire agreement in
January 1973, and the South Vietnamese regime fell in April 1975. More than one
million people died during the war, including an estimated 925,000 North Vietnamese,
184,000 South Vietnamese, and 57,000 American soldiers. In the following excerpt,
Leslie Gelb, a State Department official during the Vietnam War and Defense
Department official afterward, offered an insider’s appraisal to a Senate committee of the
reasons for the U.S. involvement.
CAUSES OF THE WAR: THE RANGE OF EXPLANATIONS
Central to this inquiry is the issue of causes of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. I have
found eight discernible explanations advanced in the Vietnam literature. Different
authors combine these explanations in various ways, but I will keep them separate
for the purpose of analysis. I will, then, sketch my own position.
The Arrogance of Power
This view holds that a driving force in American involvement in Vietnam was the
fact that we were a nation of enormous power and like comparable nations in
history, we would seek to use this power at every opportunity. To have power is to
want to employ it, is to be corrupted by it. The arrogance derives from the belief
that to have power, is to be able to do anything. Power invokes right and justifies
itself. Vietnam was there, a challenge to this power and an opportunity for its
exercise, and no task was beyond accomplishment.
There can be no doubt about this strain in the behavior of other great powers and in
the American character. But this is not a universal law. Great powers, and
especially the United States have demonstrated self-restraint. The a ...
Chapter 9International RelationsChapter Objectives1. Explain.docx
Chapter 9
International Relations
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the international relations theory of realism including its basic assumptions.
2. Discuss the liberal theory of international relations along with its different types.
3. Define constructivism and its central principles.
4. Explore feminist international relations theory and its recommendations for change.
5. Examine causes of war and peace in the international arena.
When Twitter was first introduced in 2006, its founders probably could not have imagined how people would potentially use it. Over the past twelve years, Twitter has expanded to more than 330 million active monthly users throughout the world. Governments have even gotten into the act: Twitter Government (@TwitterGov) even highlights how governments and politicians throughout the world use Twitter. Politicians and elected officials quickly took to Twitter, using it as a means to communicate with voters directly. Former president Barack Obama even originated a Twitter handle for presidents (@POTUS) in 2013.
The current US president, Donald Trump, has utilized Twitter to a far greater extent than his predecessor, although he does so from his own personal account (@realDonaldTrump) rather than the official @POTUS handle. In interviews, he has argued that communicating via Twitter allows him to get his message to voters without the filter of the media with the implicit argument that the media does not do a faithful and true job in reporting his actions. As such, President Trump’s tweets often come directly from the president himself with no staff filtering or discussion. One area where the president’s tweets have been particularly influential is in the US relationship with North Korea.
As of October 2018, President Trump has tweeted about North Korea more than 150 times since taking office. And while the tweets may not appear on the official @POTUS account or come in a statement on White House letterhead, they have played an integral role in American-North Korean relations. For example, on August 11, 2017, the president tweeted this:
Military solutions are now fully in place, locked and loaded, should North Korea act unwisely. Hopefully Kim Jong Un will find another path!
At a mere twenty-three words, the president stated what could have easily been seen as a military threat against North Korea that could have led to direct conflict. Realizing the potential implications of tweets like this from the president, US officials at the February 2018 Munich Security Conference reportedly told their counterparts not to pay attention to what the president is tweeting.1 However, in March 2018, North Korea’s leader Kim Jong-un, apparently under pressure because of the president’s rhetoric, broached the idea of a summit between the two leaders. What followed was a historic meeting between the two leaders in June 2018 in Singapore as well as enhanced relations between North and South Korea.
Unlike the other subfields of political scie.
Chapter 9International RelationsChapter Objectives1. Explain.docx
Chapter 9
International Relations
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the international relations theory of realism including its basic assumptions.
2. Discuss the liberal theory of international relations along with its different types.
3. Define constructivism and its central principles.
4. Explore feminist international relations theory and its recommendations for change.
5. Examine causes of war and peace in the international arena.
When Twitter was first introduced in 2006, its founders probably could not have imagined how people would potentially use it. Over the past twelve years, Twitter has expanded to more than 330 million active monthly users throughout the world. Governments have even gotten into the act: Twitter Government (@TwitterGov) even highlights how governments and politicians throughout the world use Twitter. Politicians and elected officials quickly took to Twitter, using it as a means to communicate with voters directly. Former president Barack Obama even originated a Twitter handle for presidents (@POTUS) in 2013.
The current US president, Donald Trump, has utilized Twitter to a far greater extent than his predecessor, although he does so from his own personal account (@realDonaldTrump) rather than the official @POTUS handle. In interviews, he has argued that communicating via Twitter allows him to get his message to voters without the filter of the media with the implicit argument that the media does not do a faithful and true job in reporting his actions. As such, President Trump’s tweets often come directly from the president himself with no staff filtering or discussion. One area where the president’s tweets have been particularly influential is in the US relationship with North Korea.
As of October 2018, President Trump has tweeted about North Korea more than 150 times since taking office. And while the tweets may not appear on the official @POTUS account or come in a statement on White House letterhead, they have played an integral role in American-North Korean relations. For example, on August 11, 2017, the president tweeted this:
Military solutions are now fully in place, locked and loaded, should North Korea act unwisely. Hopefully Kim Jong Un will find another path!
At a mere twenty-three words, the president stated what could have easily been seen as a military threat against North Korea that could have led to direct conflict. Realizing the potential implications of tweets like this from the president, US officials at the February 2018 Munich Security Conference reportedly told their counterparts not to pay attention to what the president is tweeting.1 However, in March 2018, North Korea’s leader Kim Jong-un, apparently under pressure because of the president’s rhetoric, broached the idea of a summit between the two leaders. What followed was a historic meeting between the two leaders in June 2018 in Singapore as well as enhanced relations between North and South Korea.
Unlike the other subfields of political scie ...
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James Thompson’s “Letter to the Pittsburgh Courier,” a black-owned organization, is a document that outlines Thompson’s sentiments regarding World War II. He, an African American, of course supports the efforts towards victory for America. But, he asks, what for? Thompson writes, “Being an American of dark complexion and some 26 years, these questions flash through my mind: ‘Should I sacrifice my life to live half American?’ ‘Will things be better for the next generation in the peace to follow?’ ‘Would it be demanding too much to demand full citizenship rights in exchange for the sacrificing of my life? Is the kind of America I know worth defending? Will America be a true and pure democracy after this war? Will Colored Americans suffer still the indignities that have been heaped upon them in the past? These and other questions need answering; I want to know, and I believe every colored American, who is thinking, wants to know” (Thompson, Pittsburgh Courier). This document is one that will, like Herzig-Yoshinaga’s, hold significance for as long as we have racial inequality and discrimination in America. This document is important for the same sad reasons that the first one is: There still exists systemic racism in our government. Thompson uses the external issue of war, to remind America that there are still very pressing internal problem.
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Lively, civil dialogue between various political parties and interest groups is a hallmark of democracies. In a functioning democracy, these factions consent to concessions that benefit their respective constituencies or voters. But occasionally, these political factions start to diverge so significantly from one another that they lose hope in the viability of compromise. When compromise is no longer the goal in politics, one group's dominance over another is what matters.
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How to Prevent Dictatorships from Gaining Control in Democracies
Perhaps now more than ever, citizens of democracies must struggle to stop totalitarian politics from invading their nations. We must go beyond simply comprehending historical instances of democratic decline and ensure that such cases do not recur.
#wajidkhan #wajidkhanMP #politics #Canadianpolitician #wajidkhanpolitician
It Was Vital Not to Lose Vietnam by Force to Communism” .docx
“It Was Vital Not to Lose Vietnam by Force to
Communism”: Leslie Gelb Analyzes the Roots of U.S.
Involvement in Vietnam
During World War II, the U.S. collaborated with the resistance group the Vietminh and
their leader, Ho Chi Minh, in their fight against Japan. In the postwar period, however,
the U.S. feared Communist expansion into Southeast Asia. In 1954, as France withdrew
its forces in defeat, the Geneva Accords established the countries of Laos, Cambodia, and
Vietnam. Vietnam was partitioned into north and south sectors until elections to be held
by 1956. Fearing a victory by Ho Chi Minh, the Eisenhower administration collaborated
with the South Vietnam leadership to prevent elections and subsequently sent military aid
and advisors. Under President John F. Kennedy, the number of “advisors” increased to
more than 16,000, some of whom engaged in counterinsurgency efforts and actual
combat. Although Kennedy opposed large scale U.S. involvement, his successor, Lyndon
Johnson, began regular bombings and escalated troops to more than 500,000 by 1967.
Johnson’s successor, Richard Nixon, scaled back to 39,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam by
September 1972, but initiated bombing raids into Cambodia in 1969 and sent ground
troops there in 1970. The U.S. and North Vietnam reached a cease-fire agreement in
January 1973, and the South Vietnamese regime fell in April 1975. More than one
million people died during the war, including an estimated 925,000 North Vietnamese,
184,000 South Vietnamese, and 57,000 American soldiers. In the following excerpt,
Leslie Gelb, a State Department official during the Vietnam War and Defense
Department official afterward, offered an insider’s appraisal to a Senate committee of the
reasons for the U.S. involvement.
CAUSES OF THE WAR: THE RANGE OF EXPLANATIONS
Central to this inquiry is the issue of causes of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. I have
found eight discernible explanations advanced in the Vietnam literature. Different
authors combine these explanations in various ways, but I will keep them separate
for the purpose of analysis. I will, then, sketch my own position.
The Arrogance of Power
This view holds that a driving force in American involvement in Vietnam was the
fact that we were a nation of enormous power and like comparable nations in
history, we would seek to use this power at every opportunity. To have power is to
want to employ it, is to be corrupted by it. The arrogance derives from the belief
that to have power, is to be able to do anything. Power invokes right and justifies
itself. Vietnam was there, a challenge to this power and an opportunity for its
exercise, and no task was beyond accomplishment.
There can be no doubt about this strain in the behavior of other great powers and in
the American character. But this is not a universal law. Great powers, and
especially the United States have demonstrated self-restraint. The a ...
Chapter 9International RelationsChapter Objectives1. Explain.docx
Chapter 9
International Relations
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the international relations theory of realism including its basic assumptions.
2. Discuss the liberal theory of international relations along with its different types.
3. Define constructivism and its central principles.
4. Explore feminist international relations theory and its recommendations for change.
5. Examine causes of war and peace in the international arena.
When Twitter was first introduced in 2006, its founders probably could not have imagined how people would potentially use it. Over the past twelve years, Twitter has expanded to more than 330 million active monthly users throughout the world. Governments have even gotten into the act: Twitter Government (@TwitterGov) even highlights how governments and politicians throughout the world use Twitter. Politicians and elected officials quickly took to Twitter, using it as a means to communicate with voters directly. Former president Barack Obama even originated a Twitter handle for presidents (@POTUS) in 2013.
The current US president, Donald Trump, has utilized Twitter to a far greater extent than his predecessor, although he does so from his own personal account (@realDonaldTrump) rather than the official @POTUS handle. In interviews, he has argued that communicating via Twitter allows him to get his message to voters without the filter of the media with the implicit argument that the media does not do a faithful and true job in reporting his actions. As such, President Trump’s tweets often come directly from the president himself with no staff filtering or discussion. One area where the president’s tweets have been particularly influential is in the US relationship with North Korea.
As of October 2018, President Trump has tweeted about North Korea more than 150 times since taking office. And while the tweets may not appear on the official @POTUS account or come in a statement on White House letterhead, they have played an integral role in American-North Korean relations. For example, on August 11, 2017, the president tweeted this:
Military solutions are now fully in place, locked and loaded, should North Korea act unwisely. Hopefully Kim Jong Un will find another path!
At a mere twenty-three words, the president stated what could have easily been seen as a military threat against North Korea that could have led to direct conflict. Realizing the potential implications of tweets like this from the president, US officials at the February 2018 Munich Security Conference reportedly told their counterparts not to pay attention to what the president is tweeting.1 However, in March 2018, North Korea’s leader Kim Jong-un, apparently under pressure because of the president’s rhetoric, broached the idea of a summit between the two leaders. What followed was a historic meeting between the two leaders in June 2018 in Singapore as well as enhanced relations between North and South Korea.
Unlike the other subfields of political scie.
Chapter 9International RelationsChapter Objectives1. Explain.docx
Chapter 9
International Relations
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the international relations theory of realism including its basic assumptions.
2. Discuss the liberal theory of international relations along with its different types.
3. Define constructivism and its central principles.
4. Explore feminist international relations theory and its recommendations for change.
5. Examine causes of war and peace in the international arena.
When Twitter was first introduced in 2006, its founders probably could not have imagined how people would potentially use it. Over the past twelve years, Twitter has expanded to more than 330 million active monthly users throughout the world. Governments have even gotten into the act: Twitter Government (@TwitterGov) even highlights how governments and politicians throughout the world use Twitter. Politicians and elected officials quickly took to Twitter, using it as a means to communicate with voters directly. Former president Barack Obama even originated a Twitter handle for presidents (@POTUS) in 2013.
The current US president, Donald Trump, has utilized Twitter to a far greater extent than his predecessor, although he does so from his own personal account (@realDonaldTrump) rather than the official @POTUS handle. In interviews, he has argued that communicating via Twitter allows him to get his message to voters without the filter of the media with the implicit argument that the media does not do a faithful and true job in reporting his actions. As such, President Trump’s tweets often come directly from the president himself with no staff filtering or discussion. One area where the president’s tweets have been particularly influential is in the US relationship with North Korea.
As of October 2018, President Trump has tweeted about North Korea more than 150 times since taking office. And while the tweets may not appear on the official @POTUS account or come in a statement on White House letterhead, they have played an integral role in American-North Korean relations. For example, on August 11, 2017, the president tweeted this:
Military solutions are now fully in place, locked and loaded, should North Korea act unwisely. Hopefully Kim Jong Un will find another path!
At a mere twenty-three words, the president stated what could have easily been seen as a military threat against North Korea that could have led to direct conflict. Realizing the potential implications of tweets like this from the president, US officials at the February 2018 Munich Security Conference reportedly told their counterparts not to pay attention to what the president is tweeting.1 However, in March 2018, North Korea’s leader Kim Jong-un, apparently under pressure because of the president’s rhetoric, broached the idea of a summit between the two leaders. What followed was a historic meeting between the two leaders in June 2018 in Singapore as well as enhanced relations between North and South Korea.
Unlike the other subfields of political scie ...
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Document35 (1)
- 1. Aishona Jackson Response Paper 3 Response to Daniel McCarthy's Essay Daniel McCarthy's essay spoke to the ideologies of the United States party system, and how the various wars affected those parties. In the essay he makes the point that our country says that we are governed through a two party system, but in all actuality only one party runs at a time. This means that yes two parties exists, but not both parties govern. I agree with Mr. McCarthy's statement to an extent because due to the different beliefs the parties try to dominate not only the vote but also on another. He ultimately states that the GOP no longer dominates and the Democratic party is currently leading even though it was once deemed incompetent. Although the GOP may not be the dominate party at the time, the Democratic party is not necessairly dominating either. There is much division and friction within both parties, and honestly the Democratic party needs to establish some sort of substance and control of it's own. McCarthy states that the Vietnam war for the Democrats in 1969 is parallel to the Iraq war to the GOP. This is a notion that I would not say I agree with, but I don't necessarily disagree either. Yes both wars had a great impact on the culture war and the war on drugs, but the Vietnam war received much more exposure and coverage than the Iraq war. The part on which I agree is the reputation of both parties were at stake because of wars and the public has very little understanding of foreign policy. Of course as long as we live the Republican Party will forever be remembered for the Iraq war because of their continuous efforts to explain it and make sense of the mistake.
- 2. In closing, I believe that Daniel McCarthy's essay is well beyond it's time and it is a great read. His comparisons provided a greater understanding to the system of the American government and the influence wars has on which party has dominated. Though his analogy provides such perspective I think it is a little farfetched to say that the wars had the greatest impact. I would say the media and coverage of the wars is what it all comes down to. Mr. McCarthy made some great points when stating that the Republicans having lost the trust of America due to these wars, but I would say the government as a whole is losing the trust of citizens.