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Dealing with Allocation of
Non-Qualified Pension Plan Assets in Divorce
Robert G. Hetsler, Jr.
J.D., CPA, CVA, CFF, CFFA, FCPA , CMAP
WWW.QDRONOW.COM
Credentials
• B.S. Accounting – University of North Florida
• Graduate Studies Accounting and Tax – University of
North Florida
• Doctorate Degree in Jurisprudence (J.D.) - Florida Coastal
School of Law
• Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
• Certified Valuation Analyst (CVA)
• Forensic Certified Public Accountant (FCPA)
• Certified in Financial Forensics (CFF)
• Certified Forensic Financial Analyst (CFFA)
• Chartered Merger and Acquisition Professional (CMAP)
• Licensed Florida Real Estate Agent
Dealing with Allocation of Non-Qualified
Pension Plan Assets in Divorce
 Florida Law
 §61.075 of the 2014 Florida Statutes sets forth the
requirements for distribution of the marital estate in
Florida
 §61.075(1)(f)
 §61.075(2)
 §61.075(6)(a)1(d)
Professional Athlete Retirement Account
Option Summary
 Major League Baseball (MLB)
 National Football League (NFL)
 National Basketball Association (NBA)
 PGA Tour (PGA)
 National Hockey League (NHL)
 Major League Soccer (MLS)
 Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA)
Major League Baseball
 Best pensions in professional sports
 Players qualify for pension benefit after 43 days on
the active roster
 Fully vested after 10 years of service time
 The plan offers 100% joint-survivor benefits
 If player is single, named beneficiary gets
distribution
National Football League
 Players are vested after 3 credited seasons
 Benefits range from $3K to $6K per month
 Full benefits offered at 55 years old
 Also eligible for 401(k) and Player Annuity
Program
National Basketball Association
 One of the most generous pensions in all of
professional sports
 Vested in pension plan at 3 years of service
 Minimum benefit at 62 is $57K; maximum benefit
is $195K
 Distribution can start at 50 years old
 Also eligible for 401(k)
PGA Tour
 Most convoluted pension program of all
professional sports
 No guaranteed benefits
 Rewarded for participating in and playing well in
tour events
 FedEx Cup offers additional retirement benefits
National Hockey League
 Eligible for pension after one regular-season game,
but qualify for maximum pension after active for at
least 160 games
 Less than 160 games, qualify for maximum benefit
under Canadian law; more than 160 games, qualify
for maximum benefits under US law
 Fully vested and can begin receiving benefits at 45
years of age
 Early retirement option available at 35 with
reduced benefits
Major League Soccer & Women’s National
Basketball Association
 Major League Soccer
 No pension plan
 401(k) program only
 Women’s NBA
 No pension plan
 401(k) program only
What are Non-Qualified Plans
 Non-Qualified Plans do not have those same ERISA
requirements and Protections
 Do not have the same benefits or protections as that of
Qualified Plans
 Non Qualified Plans come in all Shapes and Sizes
 Most Common Type of Non-Qualified Plan is Deferred
Compensation Plans
 Other examples of Non-Qualified Plans or Excess Benefit
Plans (EBP), Top-Hat (THP) and Supplemental Executive
Retirement Plans (SERP)
Funded vs Unfunded Non-Qualified Plans
 Funded Non-Qualified Plans is a plan where there is some
kind of investment set aside to pay out or “fund” the future
Employee Distributions
 Unfunded Non-Qualified Plans is where there are no
investments set aside to “fund” future distributions
 With Unfunded Non-Qualified Plan the Employee has only
the employers unsecured promise to pay the benefits in the
future.
 There are no guarantees of the continuation or security of
the Plan so if the business goes under or if it is sold.
 Assets of plan have no requirement to be held in trust and
are not protected from employers creditors.
Suggested Options for Distribution of Non-
Qualified Plans
 Require the employee spouse to send a portion of each
payment he receives, “if, as and when” he receives it, to the
non-employee spouse
 If non-divisible plan is the only marital asset, consider
increasing alimony payments in lieu of a share of the non-
qualified plan benefits
 When dealing with Survivor Benefits Name the non-
employee spouse as a beneficiary of the retirement plan in
the event of the death of the employee spouse
 Often, simplest solution is to offset value of non-qualified
plan benefits with other marital assets
TAXES, TAXES,TAXES
See Revenue Ruling 2002-22
DUE DILIGENCE PRIOR TO
ENTERING INTO SETTLEMENT
AGREEEMENT

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Division of Non-Qualified Plans for Professional Athletes

  • 1. Dealing with Allocation of Non-Qualified Pension Plan Assets in Divorce Robert G. Hetsler, Jr. J.D., CPA, CVA, CFF, CFFA, FCPA , CMAP WWW.QDRONOW.COM
  • 2. Credentials • B.S. Accounting – University of North Florida • Graduate Studies Accounting and Tax – University of North Florida • Doctorate Degree in Jurisprudence (J.D.) - Florida Coastal School of Law • Certified Public Accountant (CPA) • Certified Valuation Analyst (CVA) • Forensic Certified Public Accountant (FCPA) • Certified in Financial Forensics (CFF) • Certified Forensic Financial Analyst (CFFA) • Chartered Merger and Acquisition Professional (CMAP) • Licensed Florida Real Estate Agent
  • 3. Dealing with Allocation of Non-Qualified Pension Plan Assets in Divorce  Florida Law  §61.075 of the 2014 Florida Statutes sets forth the requirements for distribution of the marital estate in Florida  §61.075(1)(f)  §61.075(2)  §61.075(6)(a)1(d)
  • 4. Professional Athlete Retirement Account Option Summary  Major League Baseball (MLB)  National Football League (NFL)  National Basketball Association (NBA)  PGA Tour (PGA)  National Hockey League (NHL)  Major League Soccer (MLS)  Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA)
  • 5. Major League Baseball  Best pensions in professional sports  Players qualify for pension benefit after 43 days on the active roster  Fully vested after 10 years of service time  The plan offers 100% joint-survivor benefits  If player is single, named beneficiary gets distribution
  • 6. National Football League  Players are vested after 3 credited seasons  Benefits range from $3K to $6K per month  Full benefits offered at 55 years old  Also eligible for 401(k) and Player Annuity Program
  • 7. National Basketball Association  One of the most generous pensions in all of professional sports  Vested in pension plan at 3 years of service  Minimum benefit at 62 is $57K; maximum benefit is $195K  Distribution can start at 50 years old  Also eligible for 401(k)
  • 8. PGA Tour  Most convoluted pension program of all professional sports  No guaranteed benefits  Rewarded for participating in and playing well in tour events  FedEx Cup offers additional retirement benefits
  • 9. National Hockey League  Eligible for pension after one regular-season game, but qualify for maximum pension after active for at least 160 games  Less than 160 games, qualify for maximum benefit under Canadian law; more than 160 games, qualify for maximum benefits under US law  Fully vested and can begin receiving benefits at 45 years of age  Early retirement option available at 35 with reduced benefits
  • 10. Major League Soccer & Women’s National Basketball Association  Major League Soccer  No pension plan  401(k) program only  Women’s NBA  No pension plan  401(k) program only
  • 11. What are Non-Qualified Plans  Non-Qualified Plans do not have those same ERISA requirements and Protections  Do not have the same benefits or protections as that of Qualified Plans  Non Qualified Plans come in all Shapes and Sizes  Most Common Type of Non-Qualified Plan is Deferred Compensation Plans  Other examples of Non-Qualified Plans or Excess Benefit Plans (EBP), Top-Hat (THP) and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERP)
  • 12. Funded vs Unfunded Non-Qualified Plans  Funded Non-Qualified Plans is a plan where there is some kind of investment set aside to pay out or “fund” the future Employee Distributions  Unfunded Non-Qualified Plans is where there are no investments set aside to “fund” future distributions  With Unfunded Non-Qualified Plan the Employee has only the employers unsecured promise to pay the benefits in the future.  There are no guarantees of the continuation or security of the Plan so if the business goes under or if it is sold.  Assets of plan have no requirement to be held in trust and are not protected from employers creditors.
  • 13. Suggested Options for Distribution of Non- Qualified Plans  Require the employee spouse to send a portion of each payment he receives, “if, as and when” he receives it, to the non-employee spouse  If non-divisible plan is the only marital asset, consider increasing alimony payments in lieu of a share of the non- qualified plan benefits  When dealing with Survivor Benefits Name the non- employee spouse as a beneficiary of the retirement plan in the event of the death of the employee spouse  Often, simplest solution is to offset value of non-qualified plan benefits with other marital assets
  • 14. TAXES, TAXES,TAXES See Revenue Ruling 2002-22 DUE DILIGENCE PRIOR TO ENTERING INTO SETTLEMENT AGREEEMENT

Editor's Notes

  1. Florida is an equitable distribution state, meaning the court starts with a presumption of equal distribution but has discretion to favor one party or the other as circumstances warrant. The factors that can influence distribution are enumerated within the statute itself. Sections of this statute that are potentially relevant to non-qualified (and presumably non-divisible) retirement assets, include: §61.075(1)(f) The desirability of retaining any asset…intact and free from any claim or interference by the other party. §61.075(2) If the court awards a cash payment for the purpose of equitable distribution of marital assets, to be paid in full or in installments, the full amount ordered shall vest when the judgment is awarded and the award shall not terminate upon remarriage or death of either party, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, but shall be treated as a debt owed ffrom the obligor or the obligor’s estate to the oblige or the obligee’s esate unless otherwise agreed to by the parties. §61.075(6)(a)1.”Marital assets and liabilities” include: (d) All vested and nonvested benefits, rights, and funds accrued during the marriage in retirement, pension, profit-sharing, annuity, deferred compensation, and insurance plans and programs.  
  2. Major League Baseball Best pensions in professional sports, also most well-funded pension program Players qualify for pension benefit after 43 days on the active roster (receive min. $43K benefit) Fully vested after 10 years of service time ($100,000+ per year for life) The plan offers 100% joint-survivor benefits, spouse can receive benefits if vested player dies If player is single, named beneficiary gets distribution
  3. National Football League Players are vested after 3 credited seasons Benefits range from $3K to $6K per month, depending on length of playing time Full benefits offered at 55 years old Also eligible for 401(k) with up to 200% employer match and Player Annuity Program
  4. National Basketball Association One of the most generous pensions in all of professional sports Vested in pension plan at 3 years of service (three seasons in the league) Minimum benefit at 62 is $57K; maximum benefit is $195K Distribution can start at 50 years old Also eligible for 401(k) which offers a 140% employer match
  5. PGA Tour Most convoluted pension program of all professional sports No guaranteed benefits, instead based on individual player performance Rewarded for participating in and playing well in tour events FedExCup offers additional retirement benefits Runs the entire season Provides a total of $35M deferred compensation Champion receives $10M, balance distributed by rankings at end of series Top 10 players receive mostly cash, rest of qualifying players receive a retirement account distribution
  6. National Hockey League Eligible for pension after one regular-season game, but qualify for maximum pension after active for at least 160 games Less than 160 games, qualify for maximum benefit under Canadian law; more than 160 games, qualify for maximum benefits under US law ($45K annually) Fully vested and can begin receiving benefits at 45 years of age Early retirement option available at 35 with reduced benefits
  7. Remember Enron, MCI Worldcom, Lehman Brother, American Airlines or delta filing chapter 11 protection Not protected from any creditors and can simply disappear
  8. Require the employee spouse to send a portion of each payment he receives, “if, as and when” he receives it, to the non-employee spouse *Burden on employee spouse to write a check every month to the ex-spouse for the rest of his life *Non-employee spouse is at the mercy of employee spouse to tell her when he retires and begins receiving payments If non-divisible plan is the only marital asset, consider increasing alimony payments in lieu of a share of the non-qualified plan benefits *Employee spouse may object if the benefits are unsecured and not guaranteed Can name the non-employee spouse as a beneficiary of the retirement plan in the event of the death of the employee spouse *Not desirable for young divorcing couples, since remarriage is likely *Plans may not permit anyone other than a current spouse to be named as a beneficiary *Alternative is for employee spouse to maintain a life insurance policy for the non-employee spouse to provide equal benefits in case of death Often, simplest solution is to offset value of non-qualified plan benefits with other marital assets *Since division of non-qualified plans is so difficult, it is often in both parties’ best interest to avoid the issue of division altogether *However, employee spouse may object to this option since future benefits of the non-qualified plan may not be guaranteed  
  9. Ideally, during the discovery phase, and well before a settlement agreement is signed, you should do your due diligence to see which plans are dividable via a QDRO or DRO so you can then plan for contingences for those plans that cannot be divided via QDRO or DRO. However, if you must conclude the case before determining whether the retirement account is divisible by QDRO (or DRO), then include language in the Settlement Agreement to account for alternate provisions. Always include a fallback method of accounting for the asset. Remember since you are not dealing with Qualified Plans, those Governed Under ERISA, The IRS Code Section 72 that allows the withdrawal of money from a qualified plan tax penalty free does not apply to non-qualified plans no more than it does in any other non-Qualified Plan like IRA’s. If cannot find out enough information about plan prior to reaching a settlement agreement, it is ALWAYS best to include language of an alternative way to handle the division of this asset. Revenue Ruling 2002-22 deals with Nonstatutory stock options (NSO’s) and unfunded non qualified deferred compensation rights incident to a divorce.