MSc. Nursing

2. Dissociative disorders are defined as a disturbance of/
or alteration in the usually integrated functions of
consciousness, memory, and intensity.
- Black and Andreasen, 2014

3.  Dissociative amnesia
 Dissociative identity disorder
 Depersonalization- Derealization disorder
 Others

4.  Statistically quite rare
 When they do occur, they may present dramatic
clinical pictures of severe disturbance in normal
personality functioning.

6. Genetics
 85- 97% have a history of physical and sexual abuse.
 There is no significant genetic contribution has
studied.

7. Neurobiological
 Dissociative amnesia- related to neuro-physiological
dysfunction.
 Depersonalization- with migraines and marijuana
use.
 Temporal lobe epilepsy
 Severe migraine headaches

8. Psychodynamic theory
 Repressed distressing mental contents from
conscious awareness.
 This believed to protect the client from extreme
emotional pain triggered by distressing external
circumstances/ anxiety- provoking internal urges and
feelings.

9. Psychological trauma
 As a response to traumatic experiences that
overwhelm the individual’s capacity to cope by any
means other than dissociation.

11.  It is an inability to recall important personal
information, usually of a traumatic/ stressful nature
that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary
forgetfulness.
 Not due to the direct effects of substance use/
neurological/ other medical condition.

12. i. Localized amnesia
ii. Selective amnesia
iii. Generalized amnesia

13.  Clients suffering from amnesia are often brought to
general hospital emergency departments by police
who have found them wandering confusedly around
the streets.

14.  Onset- usually follows severe psychological stress.
 Termination is typically abrupt and is followed by
complete recovery.
 Recurrence- unusual

15.  A specific subtype of dissociative amnesia.
 It is characterized by sudden, unexpected travel
away from customary places/ by bewildered
wandering with the inability to recall some or all of
one’s past.

16. A. An inability to recall important autobiographical information,
that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting.
B. Clinically significant distress.
C. The disturbance is not attributable to physiological effects of a
substance/ neurological/ other medical condition.
D. The disturbance is not better explained by dissociative identity
disorder, PTSD, acute stress disorder or major/ mild neuro-
cognitive disorder.

17.  Multiple personality disorder
 It is characterized by the existence of two or more
personality states in a single individual.
 ‘Alter identities’/ ‘just alter’
 Transition from one personality to state of another may be
sudden or gradual and is sometimes quite dramatic.

18.  Dissociative identity disorder occurs from 5 to 9
times more frequently in women than in men.
 Onset- in childhood
 Manifestations- late adolescence or early adulthood.

19. A. A disruption of identity characterized by two or more
distinct personality states.
B. Recurrent gaps in the recall of every events, important
personal information, and/or traumatic events that are
inconsistent with ordinary forgetting.
C. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress.

20. D. The disturbance is not a normal part of broadly accepted
cultural/ religious practices.
E. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological
effects of a substance, or another medical condition.

21. A temporary change in the quality of self-awareness,
which often takes in the form of feelings of unreality,
changes in body image, feelings of detachments
from the environment, or a sense of observing
oneself from outside the body.

22.  Approximately half of all adults have experienced
transient episodes of these symptoms.
 Identified as the third most commonly reported
symptoms after depression and anxiety.
 Usually begins in adolescence/ early childhood.

23. A. The presence of persistent or recurrent
depersonalization, derealization, or both.
B. Intact reality testing.
C. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress/
impairments in the social, occupational, or other
important areas of functioning.

24. D. The disturbance is not attributable to the
physiological effects of a substance, or other
medical condition.
E. The disturbance is not better explained by another
mental disorder/ another dissociative disorder.

26.  Amobarbitol as IV
 Supportive psychotherapy
 Hypnosis
 Cognitive therapy

27.  Intensive long-term psychotherapy
 The therapist who engages in psychotherapy must be
skilled in various approaches including insight-oriented
psychotherapy, cognitive therapy and especially trauma-
informed and PTSD treatment approaches.
 Brief periods of hospitalization maybe necessary as a
supportive measure.

28.  Antidepressants
 Mood stabilizers
 Anticonvulsants
 antipsychotics

29.  Analytically oriented insight psychotherapy
 Hypnotherapy
 Cognitive behavioral therapy.

31. Ineffective coping is defined as the inability to form a
valid appraisal of stressors, inadequate choices of
practiced responses and/ or inability to use available
resources.

32. Fear is defined as the response to perceived threat
that is consciously recognized as the danger.

35. Disturbed personal identity is the inability to maintain
an integrated and complete perception of self.