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Why is it so difficult to improve animal welfare in developing countries?
In 2009 the results of the Word Bank global study of Livestock markets, Slaughter houses and related waste management systems were presented. A monumental study that clearly explains the difficulties Africa and Asia are facing, regarding their meat production.
During the presentation of the report, the project manager Sandra Cointreau explained that the main course of dead (60%) of children under 12 in developing countries is food safety related. This changed my view on welfare, disease control and food safety completely.
Waste management, food safety and animal welfare are tightly connected to each other and cannot be optimized without a total improvement of all related issues. Compared to food production in development countries, there is obviously a long way to go. We started in the beginning of the 20th century with what we expect developing countries have to improve in one or two decades:
1. Improvements of the physical slaughter infrastructure processes
2. Improvement of food safety within the food production infrastructure
3. Improvement of the Governmental control infrastructure
4. Improvement of the Veterinary service infrastructure
5. Improvement of the Human Health infrastructure
6. Improvement on Occupational Health & Safety, child labor and human rights
The list is much longer, but the conclusion is that you can only start to improve issues like animal welfare, food safety and waste management after generally improving the living conditions of the people in developing countries.
This report was the final work of Sandra before she retired and out of respect for all the work she did, I would encourage you all to share the information with me.
L
La interfaz provee calidad e información a todas las funciones de la empresa, incluyendo diseño, manufactura, embarque y marketing. La manufactura y ensamble traducen los planes de la administración en términos de capacidad e interacción de información para ejecutar los planes a través de programación y compras.
Paso 1 2de4
Este documento contiene información clave para el diseño de ingeniería incluyendo dibujos, lista de materiales, números de parte, cantidades, decisiones sobre hacer vs comprar, recursos de fabricación y hojas de ruta y operaciones.
Deadly H5N1 birdflu needs just five mutations to spread easily in people
Reference: Phys.org. 15 Apr 2014. Dutch researchers have found that the virus needs only five favorable gene mutations to become transmissible through coughing or sneezing, like regular flu viruses.
World health officials have long feared that the H5N1 virus will someday evolve a knack for airborne transmission, setting off a devastating pandemic. While the new study suggests the mutations needed are relatively few, it remains unclear whether they're likely to happen outside the laboratory.
IngenieríA De DefinicióN De Proceso Y Producto
El documento describe las funciones del departamento de Diseño e Ingeniería, incluyendo el diseño del producto, la ingeniería de producción, y la entrega de ingeniería trabajando con otros departamentos. También describe la interfaz del departamento con funciones como manufactura, finanzas, administración, marketing y ventas.
Per contact probability of infection by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Estimates of the per-contact probability of transmission between farms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus of H7N7 subtype during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands are important for the design of better control and biosecurity strategies.
We used standardized data collected during the epidemic and a model to extract data for untraced contacts based on the daily number of infectious farms within a given distance of a susceptible farm.
With these data, the ‘maximum likelihood estimation’ approach was used to estimate the transmission probabilities by the individual contact types, both traced and untraced.
The outcomes were validated against literature data on virus genetic sequences for outbreak farms. The findings highlight the need to
1) Understand the routes underlying the infections without traced contacts and
2) To review whether the contact-tracing protocol is exhaustive in relation to all the farm’s day-to-day activities and practices.
InduSoft System security webinar 2012
Web thin clients connect to an InduSoft Web Studio server over HTTPS using a web tunneling gateway and IIS web server. The gateway allows secure communication between thin clients and the server using the InduSoft protocol over TCP/IP, with the web server handling HTTPS over the default port 443. Security is configured through security modes and group settings in Web Studio.
Recommended
Why is it so difficult to improve animal welfare in developing countries?
In 2009 the results of the Word Bank global study of Livestock markets, Slaughter houses and related waste management systems were presented. A monumental study that clearly explains the difficulties Africa and Asia are facing, regarding their meat production.
During the presentation of the report, the project manager Sandra Cointreau explained that the main course of dead (60%) of children under 12 in developing countries is food safety related. This changed my view on welfare, disease control and food safety completely.
Waste management, food safety and animal welfare are tightly connected to each other and cannot be optimized without a total improvement of all related issues. Compared to food production in development countries, there is obviously a long way to go. We started in the beginning of the 20th century with what we expect developing countries have to improve in one or two decades:
1. Improvements of the physical slaughter infrastructure processes
2. Improvement of food safety within the food production infrastructure
3. Improvement of the Governmental control infrastructure
4. Improvement of the Veterinary service infrastructure
5. Improvement of the Human Health infrastructure
6. Improvement on Occupational Health & Safety, child labor and human rights
The list is much longer, but the conclusion is that you can only start to improve issues like animal welfare, food safety and waste management after generally improving the living conditions of the people in developing countries.
This report was the final work of Sandra before she retired and out of respect for all the work she did, I would encourage you all to share the information with me.
L
La interfaz provee calidad e información a todas las funciones de la empresa, incluyendo diseño, manufactura, embarque y marketing. La manufactura y ensamble traducen los planes de la administración en términos de capacidad e interacción de información para ejecutar los planes a través de programación y compras.
Paso 1 2de4
Este documento contiene información clave para el diseño de ingeniería incluyendo dibujos, lista de materiales, números de parte, cantidades, decisiones sobre hacer vs comprar, recursos de fabricación y hojas de ruta y operaciones.
Deadly H5N1 birdflu needs just five mutations to spread easily in people
Reference: Phys.org. 15 Apr 2014. Dutch researchers have found that the virus needs only five favorable gene mutations to become transmissible through coughing or sneezing, like regular flu viruses.
World health officials have long feared that the H5N1 virus will someday evolve a knack for airborne transmission, setting off a devastating pandemic. While the new study suggests the mutations needed are relatively few, it remains unclear whether they're likely to happen outside the laboratory.
IngenieríA De DefinicióN De Proceso Y Producto
El documento describe las funciones del departamento de Diseño e Ingeniería, incluyendo el diseño del producto, la ingeniería de producción, y la entrega de ingeniería trabajando con otros departamentos. También describe la interfaz del departamento con funciones como manufactura, finanzas, administración, marketing y ventas.
Per contact probability of infection by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Estimates of the per-contact probability of transmission between farms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus of H7N7 subtype during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands are important for the design of better control and biosecurity strategies.
We used standardized data collected during the epidemic and a model to extract data for untraced contacts based on the daily number of infectious farms within a given distance of a susceptible farm.
With these data, the ‘maximum likelihood estimation’ approach was used to estimate the transmission probabilities by the individual contact types, both traced and untraced.
The outcomes were validated against literature data on virus genetic sequences for outbreak farms. The findings highlight the need to
1) Understand the routes underlying the infections without traced contacts and
2) To review whether the contact-tracing protocol is exhaustive in relation to all the farm’s day-to-day activities and practices.
InduSoft System security webinar 2012
Web thin clients connect to an InduSoft Web Studio server over HTTPS using a web tunneling gateway and IIS web server. The gateway allows secure communication between thin clients and the server using the InduSoft protocol over TCP/IP, with the web server handling HTTPS over the default port 443. Security is configured through security modes and group settings in Web Studio.
Ub 0203
This document discusses a study on obesity among the public in Brunei. It contains questions asked in the study and charts showing the responses. The study found that 48% of males and 21% of females surveyed were overweight. The majority of both males and females believe that being overweight is a potential health risk. Most respondents engaged in physical activity for less than 1 hour per day and ate junk food. The top challenges to maintaining a healthy lifestyle were laziness and lack of initiative.
Typical Process Planning System2
El documento describe el proceso de planeación de producción para una parte, incluyendo el desarrollo de estándares, ingeniería de planta, diseño para manufactura y estimación de costos por un ingeniero industrial, la creación de una tabla de procesos, hojas de operaciones y rutas, y la programación de máquinas automatizadas para la producción de la parte.
Modelling wind-borne spread of HPAI between farms (2012)
To understand the risks of spreading contaminated materials caused by stable gassing, a quantitative understanding of the spread of contaminated farm dust between locations is a prerequisite for obtaining much-needed insight into one of the possible mechanisms of disease spread between farms.
The researchers Amos Ssematimba, Thomas J. Hagenaars, Mart C. M. de Jong of the Dutch Department of Epidemiology, Crisis Organization and Diagnostics, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands, and Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherland developed a model to calculate the quantity of contaminated farm-dust particles deposited at various locations downwind of a source farm and apply the model to assess the possible contribution of the wind-borne route to the transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus (HPAI) during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands.
The model is obtained from a Gaussian Plume Model by incorporating the dust deposition process, pathogen decay, and a model for the infection process on exposed farms.
Using poultry- and avian influenza-specific parameter values we calculate the distance-dependent probability of between-farm transmission by this route.
A comparison between the transmission risk pattern predicted by the model and the pattern observed during the 2003 epidemic reveals that the wind-borne route alone is insufficient to explain the observations although it could contribute substantially to the spread over short distance ranges, for example, explaining 24% of the transmission over distances up to 25 km.
On farm killing january 2007
On-Farm Killing Of Poultry Using Gas – UK Experiences from January 2007. David Pritchard Gordon Hickman, describing mass depopulation methods, comaring these methods with the Anoxia method of using Nitrogen base gas foam. Interesting read, including nice graphics!
Manufacturing Orgnization
La función de Calidad en la empresa se encarga de verificar la calidad de los insumos provistos por los proveedores y monitorear la calidad de cada pieza manufacturada para garantizar que cumpla con las especificaciones requeridas. Calidad interactúa con todas las demás funciones como Almacén, Producción, Ventas y Finanzas para asegurar que se cumplan los estándares de calidad en todas las áreas.
InduSoft Hardware Certification
InduSoft provides hardware certification testing and reporting to ensure hardware products can properly run InduSoft Web Studio software. They test for conformance and performance, provide compliance statements and audit manufacturers. Products that pass are published on their site and can use the InduSoft certification logo.
Dossier transmission: Transmission of Avian Influenza Virus to Dogs
This document reports on the transmission of an avian influenza virus (H3N2) to dogs in South Korea. Several dogs exhibited severe respiratory disease and three genetically similar canine influenza virus strains were isolated. Experimental infection of beagles demonstrated that the virus could be transmitted between dogs and cause clinical signs like fever and lung lesions. The canine respiratory tract was found to contain receptors for binding avian influenza viruses, suggesting potential for direct transmission from poultry. This provides evidence that dogs may play a role in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses.
Scorm » One Minute Scorm Ov...
The document provides an overview of SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), which defines how online training content and learning management systems interact. It describes how SCORM allows content to be packaged and communicated to different LMSs, and explains the benefits of using SCORM, such as enabling content to be reused across different systems. It also defines key SCORM concepts like Shareable Content Objects and the different versions of the SCORM standard.
Proof of Principle Anoxia Method Poultry Science 2013
In May 2013, the results of the assessment of the Anoxia Method were published in Poultry Science (2013 Poultry Science 92:1145–1154). The focus of the assessment was on the welfare implications for poultry of the use of high-expansion gas-filled foam as a potentially humane, emergency killing method.
In laboratory trials, broiler chickens, adult laying hens, ducks, and turkeys were exposed to air-, N2-, or CO2-filled high expansion foam (expansion ratio 300:1) under standardized conditions.
One of the main conclusions was that the Anoxia Method is fundamentally different from low expansion fire fighting foam. Physiological observations and postmortem examination showed that the mode of action of the Anoxia Method is anoxia, not occlusion of the airway.
The most important conclusion however is that the trials provide proof – of - principle for the Anoxia Method (submersion in gas-filled, high expansion foam).
McKeegan et al concluded: The Anoxia Method provides a rapid and highly effective method of euthanasia, which may have potential to provide humane emergency killing or routine depopulation.
Control Y PlaneacióN De Manufactura
La función de Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) proporciona planeación y control de la manufactura, coordinando las funciones de diseño, ingeniería, compras, manufactura, calidad y ventas. MPC guía la dirección de la empresa mediante la traducción de los planes de la administración en términos de manufactura y proporciona planeación detallada del flujo de materiales y capacidad de producción para apoyar el plan general, ejecutando los planes a través de programación de taller y acciones de compra.
Introduction to InduSoft Web Studio
This is the full introductions to InduSoft Web Studio v7.0! Learn all about our top SCADA and HMI software here.
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Ub 0203
This document discusses a study on obesity among the public in Brunei. It contains questions asked in the study and charts showing the responses. The study found that 48% of males and 21% of females surveyed were overweight. The majority of both males and females believe that being overweight is a potential health risk. Most respondents engaged in physical activity for less than 1 hour per day and ate junk food. The top challenges to maintaining a healthy lifestyle were laziness and lack of initiative.
Typical Process Planning System2
El documento describe el proceso de planeación de producción para una parte, incluyendo el desarrollo de estándares, ingeniería de planta, diseño para manufactura y estimación de costos por un ingeniero industrial, la creación de una tabla de procesos, hojas de operaciones y rutas, y la programación de máquinas automatizadas para la producción de la parte.
Modelling wind-borne spread of HPAI between farms (2012)
To understand the risks of spreading contaminated materials caused by stable gassing, a quantitative understanding of the spread of contaminated farm dust between locations is a prerequisite for obtaining much-needed insight into one of the possible mechanisms of disease spread between farms.
The researchers Amos Ssematimba, Thomas J. Hagenaars, Mart C. M. de Jong of the Dutch Department of Epidemiology, Crisis Organization and Diagnostics, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands, and Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherland developed a model to calculate the quantity of contaminated farm-dust particles deposited at various locations downwind of a source farm and apply the model to assess the possible contribution of the wind-borne route to the transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus (HPAI) during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands.
The model is obtained from a Gaussian Plume Model by incorporating the dust deposition process, pathogen decay, and a model for the infection process on exposed farms.
Using poultry- and avian influenza-specific parameter values we calculate the distance-dependent probability of between-farm transmission by this route.
A comparison between the transmission risk pattern predicted by the model and the pattern observed during the 2003 epidemic reveals that the wind-borne route alone is insufficient to explain the observations although it could contribute substantially to the spread over short distance ranges, for example, explaining 24% of the transmission over distances up to 25 km.
On farm killing january 2007
On-Farm Killing Of Poultry Using Gas – UK Experiences from January 2007. David Pritchard Gordon Hickman, describing mass depopulation methods, comaring these methods with the Anoxia method of using Nitrogen base gas foam. Interesting read, including nice graphics!
Manufacturing Orgnization
La función de Calidad en la empresa se encarga de verificar la calidad de los insumos provistos por los proveedores y monitorear la calidad de cada pieza manufacturada para garantizar que cumpla con las especificaciones requeridas. Calidad interactúa con todas las demás funciones como Almacén, Producción, Ventas y Finanzas para asegurar que se cumplan los estándares de calidad en todas las áreas.
InduSoft Hardware Certification
InduSoft provides hardware certification testing and reporting to ensure hardware products can properly run InduSoft Web Studio software. They test for conformance and performance, provide compliance statements and audit manufacturers. Products that pass are published on their site and can use the InduSoft certification logo.
Dossier transmission: Transmission of Avian Influenza Virus to Dogs
This document reports on the transmission of an avian influenza virus (H3N2) to dogs in South Korea. Several dogs exhibited severe respiratory disease and three genetically similar canine influenza virus strains were isolated. Experimental infection of beagles demonstrated that the virus could be transmitted between dogs and cause clinical signs like fever and lung lesions. The canine respiratory tract was found to contain receptors for binding avian influenza viruses, suggesting potential for direct transmission from poultry. This provides evidence that dogs may play a role in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses.
Scorm » One Minute Scorm Ov...
The document provides an overview of SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), which defines how online training content and learning management systems interact. It describes how SCORM allows content to be packaged and communicated to different LMSs, and explains the benefits of using SCORM, such as enabling content to be reused across different systems. It also defines key SCORM concepts like Shareable Content Objects and the different versions of the SCORM standard.
Proof of Principle Anoxia Method Poultry Science 2013
In May 2013, the results of the assessment of the Anoxia Method were published in Poultry Science (2013 Poultry Science 92:1145–1154). The focus of the assessment was on the welfare implications for poultry of the use of high-expansion gas-filled foam as a potentially humane, emergency killing method.
In laboratory trials, broiler chickens, adult laying hens, ducks, and turkeys were exposed to air-, N2-, or CO2-filled high expansion foam (expansion ratio 300:1) under standardized conditions.
One of the main conclusions was that the Anoxia Method is fundamentally different from low expansion fire fighting foam. Physiological observations and postmortem examination showed that the mode of action of the Anoxia Method is anoxia, not occlusion of the airway.
The most important conclusion however is that the trials provide proof – of - principle for the Anoxia Method (submersion in gas-filled, high expansion foam).
McKeegan et al concluded: The Anoxia Method provides a rapid and highly effective method of euthanasia, which may have potential to provide humane emergency killing or routine depopulation.
Control Y PlaneacióN De Manufactura
La función de Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) proporciona planeación y control de la manufactura, coordinando las funciones de diseño, ingeniería, compras, manufactura, calidad y ventas. MPC guía la dirección de la empresa mediante la traducción de los planes de la administración en términos de manufactura y proporciona planeación detallada del flujo de materiales y capacidad de producción para apoyar el plan general, ejecutando los planes a través de programación de taller y acciones de compra.
Introduction to InduSoft Web Studio
This is the full introductions to InduSoft Web Studio v7.0! Learn all about our top SCADA and HMI software here.
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Modelling wind-borne spread of HPAI between farms (2012)
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Proof of Principle Anoxia Method Poultry Science 2013
Proof of Principle Anoxia Method Poultry Science 2013