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Anton Bukov, Sergej Kunz, 2020
DEX Universe
Dive deep into protocols space
Exchange
Happens when demand meets supply
💃
🕺 🕺🕺
💃💃
Price?
Want to buy!
Buy!!
Buy
Sell
Selling!
WTS
WTB!
Want to sell!
Limit orders vs Market orders
Depends on what matters
• Maker create new limit orders

• Swap happens with exact price

• Delayed execution

• Taker fill existing limit orders

• Possible price slippage

• Instant execution
DEXes Classification
From order books to pools
1. Orderbook-based:

• EtherDelta.com

• 0x.org

• AirSwap.com

• Oasis.app

2. Liquidity-based:

• Bancor.network

• Uniswap.exchange

• Balancer.finance

• Curve.fi

3. Aggregators:

• Kyber.network

• 1inch.exchange
• On-chain unordered order book

• Off-chain order book

• Off-chain orders on demand

• On-chain ordered order book

• Liquidity pools with BNT token

• Liquidity pools with ETH (x*y = const)

• Multi-dimensional liquidity pools

• Similar to Uniswap but curve is optimised for stables

• On-chain liquidity aggregator

• Off-chain liquidity aggregator
Orderbook-based DEXes
Makers create orders, takers fill orders
1. EtherDelta.com (on-chain):

• No on-chain market orders

2. 0x.org (off-chain):

• 0x Relays (permissioned)

• 0x Mesh (permissionless)

3. AirSwap.com (off-chain):

• No partial fill orders

• Only direct querying

4. Oasis.app:

• On-chain market orders
Orderbook-based DEXes
Makers create orders, takers fill orders
1. EtherDelta.com (on-chain):

• No on-chain market orders

2. 0x.org (off-chain):

• 0x Relays (permissioned)

• 0x Mesh (permissionless)

3. AirSwap.com (off-chain):

• No partial fill orders

• Only direct querying

4. Oasis.app:

• On-chain market orders
ETH-DAI
Price Asks Bids
153 3 ETH
152 31 ETH
151 13 ETH
150 5 ETH
149 20 ETH
148 11 ETH
147 58 ETH
146 103 ETH
145 23 ETH
Orderbook-based DEXes
Makers create orders, takers fill orders
1. EtherDelta.com (on-chain):

• No on-chain market orders

2. 0x.org (off-chain):

• 0x Relays (permissioned)

• 0x Mesh (permissionless)

3. AirSwap.com (off-chain):

• No partial fill orders

• Only direct querying

4. Oasis.app:

• On-chain market orders
ETH-DAI
Liquidity-based DEXes
Turn your portfolio into liquidity
1. Bancor.network:

• BNT – token in the middle

2. Uniswap.exchange:

• Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX

3. Balancer.finance:

• Multi-dimensional Uniswap

4. Curve.fi:

• Uniswap-like for stable coins
Liquidity-based DEXes
Turn your portfolio into liquidity
1. Bancor.network:

• BNT – token in the middle

2. Uniswap.exchange:

• Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX

3. Balancer.finance:

• Multi-dimensional Uniswap

4. Curve.fi:

• Uniswap-like for stable coins
~|~
BNT
ETH
~|~
BNT
DAI
~|~
BNT
MKR
ETH BNT
ETH
DAI
ETH
MKR
MKR
DAI
SNX
BNT
ETH
SNX
DAI
BNT
DAI
USDC USDT
Liquidity-based DEXes
Turn your portfolio into liquidity
1. Bancor.network:

• BNT – token in the middle

2. Uniswap.exchange:

• Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX

3. Balancer.finance:

• Multi-dimensional Uniswap

4. Curve.fi:

• Uniswap-like for stable coins
𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 =
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 × 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
Liquidity-based DEXes
Turn your portfolio into liquidity
1. Bancor.network:

• BNT – token in the middle

2. Uniswap.exchange:

• Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX

3. Balancer.finance:

• Multi-dimensional Uniswap

4. Curve.fi:

• Uniswap-like for stable coins
ETH MKR
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡
Liquidity-based DEXes
Turn your portfolio into liquidity
1. Bancor.network:

• BNT – token in the middle

2. Uniswap.exchange:

• Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX

3. Balancer.finance:

• Multi-dimensional Uniswap

4. Curve.fi:

• Uniswap-like for stable coins
∏𝑥𝑖 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑤𝑖
ETH
MKR
BNT
Liquidity-based DEXes
Turn your portfolio into liquidity
1. Bancor.network:

• BNT – token in the middle

2. Uniswap.exchange:

• Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX

3. Balancer.finance:

• Multi-dimensional Uniswap

4. Curve.fi:

• Uniswap-like for stable coins
∏𝑥𝑖 = ( )
∑𝑥𝑖
𝑛
𝑛
Aggregators – Kyber Network
On-chain search for the best liquidity source
Uniswap
Bancor
Own ReserveSwap output
Swap input
1
2
3
…
Aggregators – 1inch.exchange
Unifies all the liquidity into single huge DEX
Uniswap
Bancor
Kyber
50%
30%
20%
…
Swap output
Swap input
…
…
1
2
3
4
5
…
The art of aggregation
DEXes have different price and different liquidity
The art of aggregation
DEXes have different price and different liquidity
Best price
Aggregators – 1inch.exchange
Solve liquidity fragmentation
Aggregators – 1inch.exchange
Solve liquidity fragmentation
Aggregators – 1inch.exchange
Solve liquidity fragmentation
174
175,75
177,5
179,25
181
Token sell volume in %
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1inch Kyber 0x AirSwap Oasis Uniswap
1inch provides
the best rate
price

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DEX Universe

  • 1. Anton Bukov, Sergej Kunz, 2020 DEX Universe Dive deep into protocols space
  • 2. Exchange Happens when demand meets supply 💃 🕺 🕺🕺 💃💃 Price? Want to buy! Buy!! Buy Sell Selling! WTS WTB! Want to sell!
  • 3. Limit orders vs Market orders Depends on what matters • Maker create new limit orders • Swap happens with exact price • Delayed execution • Taker fill existing limit orders • Possible price slippage • Instant execution
  • 4. DEXes Classification From order books to pools 1. Orderbook-based: • EtherDelta.com • 0x.org • AirSwap.com • Oasis.app 2. Liquidity-based: • Bancor.network • Uniswap.exchange • Balancer.finance • Curve.fi 3. Aggregators: • Kyber.network • 1inch.exchange • On-chain unordered order book • Off-chain order book • Off-chain orders on demand • On-chain ordered order book • Liquidity pools with BNT token • Liquidity pools with ETH (x*y = const) • Multi-dimensional liquidity pools • Similar to Uniswap but curve is optimised for stables • On-chain liquidity aggregator • Off-chain liquidity aggregator
  • 5. Orderbook-based DEXes Makers create orders, takers fill orders 1. EtherDelta.com (on-chain): • No on-chain market orders 2. 0x.org (off-chain): • 0x Relays (permissioned) • 0x Mesh (permissionless) 3. AirSwap.com (off-chain): • No partial fill orders • Only direct querying 4. Oasis.app: • On-chain market orders
  • 6. Orderbook-based DEXes Makers create orders, takers fill orders 1. EtherDelta.com (on-chain): • No on-chain market orders 2. 0x.org (off-chain): • 0x Relays (permissioned) • 0x Mesh (permissionless) 3. AirSwap.com (off-chain): • No partial fill orders • Only direct querying 4. Oasis.app: • On-chain market orders ETH-DAI Price Asks Bids 153 3 ETH 152 31 ETH 151 13 ETH 150 5 ETH 149 20 ETH 148 11 ETH 147 58 ETH 146 103 ETH 145 23 ETH
  • 7. Orderbook-based DEXes Makers create orders, takers fill orders 1. EtherDelta.com (on-chain): • No on-chain market orders 2. 0x.org (off-chain): • 0x Relays (permissioned) • 0x Mesh (permissionless) 3. AirSwap.com (off-chain): • No partial fill orders • Only direct querying 4. Oasis.app: • On-chain market orders ETH-DAI
  • 8. Liquidity-based DEXes Turn your portfolio into liquidity 1. Bancor.network: • BNT – token in the middle 2. Uniswap.exchange: • Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX 3. Balancer.finance: • Multi-dimensional Uniswap 4. Curve.fi: • Uniswap-like for stable coins
  • 9. Liquidity-based DEXes Turn your portfolio into liquidity 1. Bancor.network: • BNT – token in the middle 2. Uniswap.exchange: • Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX 3. Balancer.finance: • Multi-dimensional Uniswap 4. Curve.fi: • Uniswap-like for stable coins ~|~ BNT ETH ~|~ BNT DAI ~|~ BNT MKR ETH BNT ETH DAI ETH MKR MKR DAI SNX BNT ETH SNX DAI BNT DAI USDC USDT
  • 10. Liquidity-based DEXes Turn your portfolio into liquidity 1. Bancor.network: • BNT – token in the middle 2. Uniswap.exchange: • Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX 3. Balancer.finance: • Multi-dimensional Uniswap 4. Curve.fi: • Uniswap-like for stable coins 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 × 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
  • 11. Liquidity-based DEXes Turn your portfolio into liquidity 1. Bancor.network: • BNT – token in the middle 2. Uniswap.exchange: • Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX 3. Balancer.finance: • Multi-dimensional Uniswap 4. Curve.fi: • Uniswap-like for stable coins ETH MKR 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡
  • 12. Liquidity-based DEXes Turn your portfolio into liquidity 1. Bancor.network: • BNT – token in the middle 2. Uniswap.exchange: • Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX 3. Balancer.finance: • Multi-dimensional Uniswap 4. Curve.fi: • Uniswap-like for stable coins ∏𝑥𝑖 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑤𝑖 ETH MKR BNT
  • 13. Liquidity-based DEXes Turn your portfolio into liquidity 1. Bancor.network: • BNT – token in the middle 2. Uniswap.exchange: • Auto-rebalancing ETH-XXX 3. Balancer.finance: • Multi-dimensional Uniswap 4. Curve.fi: • Uniswap-like for stable coins ∏𝑥𝑖 = ( ) ∑𝑥𝑖 𝑛 𝑛
  • 14. Aggregators – Kyber Network On-chain search for the best liquidity source Uniswap Bancor Own ReserveSwap output Swap input 1 2 3 …
  • 15. Aggregators – 1inch.exchange Unifies all the liquidity into single huge DEX Uniswap Bancor Kyber 50% 30% 20% … Swap output Swap input … … 1 2 3 4 5 …
  • 16. The art of aggregation DEXes have different price and different liquidity
  • 17. The art of aggregation DEXes have different price and different liquidity Best price
  • 18. Aggregators – 1inch.exchange Solve liquidity fragmentation
  • 19. Aggregators – 1inch.exchange Solve liquidity fragmentation
  • 20. Aggregators – 1inch.exchange Solve liquidity fragmentation 174 175,75 177,5 179,25 181 Token sell volume in % 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1inch Kyber 0x AirSwap Oasis Uniswap 1inch provides the best rate price