Developing Modern Applications in the Cloud

© 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.S U M M I T
Developing Modern Applications in
the Cloud
M A P 0 0 1
STEVEN BRYEN | AWS TECHNICAL & DEVELOPER EVANGELISM | @steven_bryen
sbryen@amazon.com

The new normal: companies are increasingly global
and products are completely digital
47%
of CEOs said they are
being challenged by
the board of directors
to make progress in
digital business
Source: Gartner
79%
of CIOs believe that
digital business is
making their IT
organizations better
prepared to change
67%
of all business leaders
believe that they must
pick up the pace of
digitalization to
remain competitive

To maintain competitive advantage,
digital businesses must innovate as rapidly as possible
FeedbackIdeas
Experiment
Innovation
Flywheel

Invention requires two things: the
ability to try a lot of experiments,
and not having to live with
the collateral damage of
failed experiments.“
Andy Jassy
CEO, Amazon Web Services

© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
OLD WORLD IT
Employees at work
Factories + supply chainSales channels
Marketing analytics

Employees at work
Factories + supply chainSales channels
Marketing analytics
OLD WORLD IT
NEW WORLD IT

NEW WORLD IT Employees at work
Factories +
supply chain
IoT connected
things
Online
marketing
Continuous supply
tracking
Just in time
production
Online sales
+ delivery
Social media

Personalization
Customer tracking
New channels direct to customer
More things, more scale, rapid change
New Needs

Modern application development
creates competitive differentiation
by enabling rapid innovation

AWS customers are pioneering modern applications

Capabilities of a modern application
Secure Resilient Elastic
Modular Automated Interoperable

Assess and
prioritize,
app by app
Pick path to
modernization
Lift & shift:
data center → EC2
Re-platform:
VMs → containers
Refactor:
monolith → microservices
Re-invent:
host fleets → serverless
Modern application development: a journey with
many paths

Options Available
Re-platform
AWS Fargate
Re-invent
AWS Lambda
Re-factor
AWS Step Functions
Re-Host
Amazon EC2

migrated ~850 applications running in ~5000 containers to Fargate to
reduce the undifferentiated heavy lifting that came with managing
Kubernetes
Re-platform
AWS Fargate

created a serverless stock trade validation system
in 3 months that improved processing times
by 67% while reducing costs by 50%
Re-invent
AWS Lambda

Modern application checklist
£ Enable security and compliance across the entire app lifecycle
£ Structure apps as collections of microservices
£ Build with serverless technologies as much as possible
£ Use code to model applications and infrastructure
£ Rapidly release high-quality features with CI/CD
£ Gain insights into application behavior with monitoring

Enable security and compliance across the entire app lifecycle
Securing the lifecycle addresses blind spots without
slowing down innovation
Authenticate Authorize Audit & Govern Validate
Prevent unauthorized
access with strong
access control
Implement role-based
access control using
flexible policies
Evaluate app behavior &
ensure compliance
requirements are met
Verify each step to
ensure solutions work
only as intended

Structure apps as collections of microservices
When the impact of change is small,
release velocity can increase
Monolithic application
Does everything
Shared release pipeline
Rigid scaling
High impact of change
Hard to adopt new technologies
Microservices
Does one thing
Independent deployments
Independent scaling
Small impact of change
Choice of technology

When the impact of change is small,
release velocity can increase
Microservices
Do one thing – Well

Properties of microservices
Microservices
• Independent
• Individually Deployed & Scaled
• Polyglot
• Modular - Easily Replaced
• Decentralized

Design Concepts
• Use managed services
• Focus on writing your business logic
(not on maintaining infrastructure)
• Loosely coupled & event driven
• Simplify delivery and discovery
AWS Lambda
AWS Fargate

APIs and decoupled communications enable
automation and improves reliability
FUNCTION
API
API
MICROSERVICE
FUNCTION
EVENT
API
MICROSERVICE
EVENT
API
MICROSERVICE
APPLICATION

Databases in Modern Applications
Relational
Key-value
DynamoDBAmazon RDS
Aurora CommercialCommunity

Common data categories and use cases
Relational
Referential
integrity, ACID
transactions,
schema-
on-write
Lift and shift, ERP,
CRM, finance
Key-value
High
throughput, low-
latency reads
and writes,
endless scale
Real-time bidding,
shopping cart,
social, product
catalog, customer
preferences
Document
Store
documents and
quickly access
querying on
any attribute
Content
management,
personalization,
mobile
In-memory
Query by key
with
microsecond
latency
Leaderboards,
real-time analytics,
caching
Graph
Quickly and
easily create
and navigate
relationships
between
data
Fraud detection,
social networking,
recommendation
engine
Time-series
Collect, store,
and process
data sequenced
by time
IoT applications,
event tracking
Ledger
Complete,
immutable, and
verifiable history
of all changes to
application data
Systems
of record, supply
chain, health care,
registrations,
financial

Purpose-built databases
Relational Key-value Document In-memory Graph Time-series Ledger
DynamoDB
NeptuneAmazon RDS
Aurora CommercialCommunity
Timestream QuantumElastiCache
DocumentDB

Build with serverless technologies as much as possible
Automation and abstraction frees you
No infrastructure to
provision or manage
Automatically scales
by unit of consumption
Pay for value
billing model
Highly available
and durable

Choice of compute is core to the transformation
Serverless Containers
Long-running
Abstracts the OS
Fully-managed orchestration
Fully-managed cluster scaling
AWS Fargate
Serverless Functions
Event-driven
Many language runtimes
Data source integrations
No server management
AWS Lambda

AWS container services landscape
Management
Deployment, Scheduling,
Scaling & Management of
containerized applications
Hosting
Where the containers run
Amazon Elastic
Container Service
Amazon Elastic
Container Service
for Kubernetes
Amazon EC2
AWS Fargate
Image Registry
Container Image Repository
Amazon Elastic
Container Registry

Comparison of operational responsibility
AWS Lambda
Serverless functions
AWS Fargate
Serverless containers
ECS/EKS
Container-management as a service
EC2
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
More opinionated
Less opinionated
AWS manages Customer manages
• Data source integrations
• Physical hardware, software, networking,
and facilities
• Provisioning
• Application code
• Container orchestration, provisioning
• Cluster scaling
• Physical hardware, host OS/kernel,
networking, and facilities
• Security config and updates, network config,
management tasks
• Container orchestration control plane
• Physical hardware software,
• Work clusters
firewall, management tasks
• Physical hardware software,
• Scaling
management tasks
• Provisioning, managing scaling and
patching of servers

Serverless architectures provide the greatest agility
with the least effort
Focus on creating
business value
Remove heavy lifting with
serverless everything
CUSTOMER
AWS
Messaging & Orchestration
Compute
Physical Infrastructure
API
Business logic
Storage & Databases

Amazon API Gateway
Fully managed service that makes it easy for
developers to publish, maintain, monitor,
and secure APIs at any scale
• Native AWS Service Integration
• Stage and version management
• API Authentication
• WebSockets support

Coordinating multiple services with workflows
increases agility, productivity and flexibility
Track status of data
and execution
Remove
redundant code

Use code to model applications and infrastructure
Treating everything as software increases the speed
and agility of infrastructure deployments
Design
Write application
code
Create infrastructure
templates
Create stacks Iterate

Infrastructure as code
Declarative
I tell you
what I need
I tell you
what to do
Imperative

Infrastructure as code goals
1. Make infrastructure changes repeatable and predictable
2. Release infrastructure changes using the same tools as code changes
3. Replicate production environment in a staging environment to enable
continuous testing

Model function environments with AWS
Serverless Application Model (SAM)
• Open source framework for building serverless
applications on AWS
• Shorthand syntax to express functions, APIs,
databases, and event source mappings
• Transforms and expands SAM syntax into AWS
CloudFormation syntax on deployment
• Supports all AWS CloudFormation resource types
https://aws.amazon.com/serverless/sam/

SAM template
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09’
Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31
Resources:
GetFunction:
Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
Properties:
Handler: index.get
Runtime: nodejs8.10
CodeUri: src/
Policies:
- DynamoDBReadPolicy:
TableName: !Ref MyTable
Events:
GetResource:
Type: Api
Properties:
Path: /resource/{resourceId}
Method: get
MyTable:
Type: AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable
Just 20 lines to create:
• Lambda function
• IAM role
• API Gateway
• DynamoDB table

Use SAM CLI to package and deploy SAM templates
pip install --user aws-sam-cli
sam logs
sam validate
sam local
sam init
sam build (--use-container)
sam package
sam deploy
sam publish
New

Nested apps to simplify solving recurring problems
Standard
Component
TweetSource:
Type: AWS::Serverless::Application
Properties:
Location:
ApplicationId: arn:aws:serverlessrepo:...
SemanticVersion: 2.0.0
Parameters:
TweetProcessorFunctionName: !Ref MyFunction
SearchText: '#serverless -filter:nativeretweets’
Custom
Business
Logic

Rapidly release high-quality features with CI/CD
Teams that practice CI/CD
ship more code faster, and with more confidence
Source: Puppet 2017 State of DevOps Report
5x
Lower change
failure rate
440x
Faster from
commit to deploy
46x
More frequent
deployments
44%
More time spent on
new features & code

Monolith development lifecycle
monitorreleasetestbuild
developers
delivery pipelines
services

???
developers
delivery pipelines
services

developers services
delivery pipelines

AWS CodeDeploy
• Automates code deployments to any instance
and Lambda
• Handles the complexity of updating your
applications
• Avoid downtime during application deployment
• Roll back automatically if failure detected
• Deploy to Amazon EC2, Lambda, or on-premises
servers

CodeDeploy-Lambda deployments
• Shifts traffic using Lambda function weighted aliases
• Choose canary (“shift 10% of traffic for 10 minutes, then shift rest”) or
linear (“shift 10% more traffic every 10 minutes”)
• Validation “hooks” enable testing at each stage of the deployment
• Fast rollback in seconds if case of hook failure or CloudWatch alarms
• Monitor deployment status and history via console, API, Amazon
Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notifications, and
CloudWatch Events

CodeDeploy – Lambda deployments
Enable in your serverless application template
Resources:
GetFunction:
Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
Properties:
DeploymentPreference:
Type: Canary10Percent10Minutes
Alarms:
- !Ref ErrorsAlarm
Hooks:
PreTraffic: !Ref PreTrafficHook
Canary10Percent30Minutes
Linear10PercentEvery10Minutes
Linear10PercentEvery1Minute
AllAtOnce

CodeDeploy – Lambda canary deployment
API
Gateway
Lambda
function
weighted
alias “live”
v1 Lambda
function
code
100%

API
Gateway
Lambda
function
weighted
alias “live”
v1 code100%
Run PreTraffic hook against v2 code before it receives traffic
v2 code0%

API
Gateway
Lambda
function
weighted
alias “live”
v1 code90%
Wait for 10 minutes, roll back in case of alarm
v2 code10%

API
Gateway
Lambda
function
weighted
alias “live”
v1 code0%
Run PostTraffic hook and complete deployment
v2 code100%

Use monitoring to optimize end user experience
The faster you identify issues, the faster they can be
resolved
Metrics, logs
and traces
Monitoring,
debugging and
alerts
Resource and
application
visibility
Real-time
insights
MONITORING
OBSERVABILITY

Benefits of using AWS X-Ray with Lambda
• X-Ray agent is natively built into Lambda.
• Identify initialization and cold starts in Lambda
• Pinpoint issues in downstream services called from your AWS
Lambda function.
• Happens with low latency in real-time. Can see traces in
seconds.

Visualize Service Call Graph (Lambda)

Identify initialization & cold starts (Lambda)

Keeps track of all your application
components, their locations, attributes, and
health status.
• Define convenient names for all cloud
resources
• Discover resources with specific attributes
• Ensure only healthy resources are
discovered
• Use highly available DNS and Regional API.
New: AWS Cloud Map

So how do we build modern apps?
£ Build security and compliance into the entire app lifecycle
£ Structure apps as collections of microservices
£ Build with serverless technologies as much as possible
£ Use code to model applications and infrastructure
£ Rapidly release high-quality features with CI/CD
£ Gain insights into application behavior with monitoring

Developing Modern Applications in the Cloud

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