The document discusses deforestation, its causes, current situation, and consequences both environmentally and economically. It highlights the alarming rates of forest loss, especially in the Amazon, and the role of human activities such as agriculture and logging. The document also outlines potential solutions, including actions by corporations, governments, and individuals to combat deforestation and protect biodiversity.

1. DEFORESTATION

2. Content
1. Introduction: Deforestation
2. Current Situation of our Rainforests
3. Causes of Deforestation
4. Short & Long Term Effects of Deforestation
5. Short & Long Term Solutions
6. Case Study
7. Conclusion

3. Introduction

4. Introduction: Deforestation
• Forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet
• They produce vital oxygen and provide homes for
people and wildlife
• Many of the world’s most threatened and
endangered animals live in these forests
• 1.6 billion people rely on benefits forests offer,
including food, fresh water, clothing, traditional
medicine and shelter

5. Current Situation of our Rainforests

6. Top 10 Countries with Highest Deforestation
Country Deforested Area
(Hectares)
Country Deforested Area
(Hectares)
Brazil 3,466,000 Peru 224,600
Indonesia 1,447,800 USA 215,200
Russia 532,200 Bolivia 135,200
Mexico 395,000 Sudan 117,807
Papua New Guinea 250,200 Nigeria 82,000

7. Current Situation in Brazil
h" p ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNx51WqBBgM

8. Case Study: Amazon Rainforest
Events Year Description
1960s Colonists began establishing farms within the
forest via slash-and-burn method
1970s Construction began on the Trans-Amazonian
Highway, paving roads and making it easier to
transport timbre
1990 – 2000s Total Area forest lost in the Amazon rose by
160,000 sq km to 587,000 sq km, of which 70%
used for livestock pasture
2005 Use of satellite data has helped the government
slash deforestation by 80% by allowing police to
pinpoint illegal activity in the forest
2013 Satellite data reported a 28% increase in
deforestation to 5,843 sq km compared to the
previous year

9. Case Study: Amazon Rainforest (Past 15 Years)
17.3
18.2 18.4
‘000 Sq km of deforestation (per annum)
• While present figures are much better than before, deforestation continues to threaten the
world’s ecosystem
• The razing of forests continues to be a major contributor to the emissions that drive climate
change
27.4
24.9
23.3
18.9
14.3
11.7
12.9
7.5 7.0
6.4
4.7
5.8
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Institute of Space Research (INPE)

10. Causes of Deforestation

11. Causes of Deforestation
1. Clearing land to
build housing
2. Felling trees for
wood
4. Other land uses
• Countries resort to deforestation to cope with the increasing
demand for housing brought about by the growing population
• Logging, or simply cutting down trees for timbre is one of the main
causes of deforestation
3. Agriculture
• To provide land for food crops such as palm oil and for rearing
cattle, undisturbed rainforest areas end up being removed
• Land for mining and industrial projects
• Building dams

12. 1. Growing Demand for Housing
6.0 billion
2000
World Population
3.0 billion
1960
9.6 billion
2050
• The current world population of 7.2 billion is projected
to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, according to a UN report
• To cater to the increasing housing needs, many resort to
removing rainforests to create land

13. 2. Logging
Wood felling by commercial logging companies
• Many commercial logging companies fell down trees in a
process known as selective logging, where only the most
valuable trees are felled
Growing demand for products made fromwood
• Over the years, the uses of wood moved from wood fuel
to construction materials such as shelters and furniture
• Today, almost every household has something made out
of wood, eg. floor tiles, cutleries and musical instruments

14. 3. Agriculture – Crop Planting & Cattle Ranching
Clearing of Land for PalmOil and other Crop Plantations
Clearing of Land to Rear Cattle
Cattle Ranching Subsistence Farming Breeding Cows forMilk

15. 4. Other Land Uses
Mining and Industrial Projects
Mining Projects Industrial Projects
Building Dams
• In India and South America, rainforests have
been destroyed by the building of hydro-electric
dams
• It was the dominant view that new dams had
to be built or otherwise these countries would
suffer an energy crisis

16. Effects

17. Environmental & Economical Impacts
Increased
Soil
Erosion
IMPACTS
Disruption
ofWater
Cycles
Reduced
Biodiversity
Disruption
Climate
Change
of
Livelihoods

18. Short TermEnvironmental Effects
Increased Soil Erosion
• No trees anchoring the fertile soil
• Erosion is sweeping the land into rivers
• The agricultural plants replacing the forests are unable
to hold onto the soil
• Since 1960 a third of world’s arable land has been lost
• As fertile soil washes away producers move on, clearing
more forests
Disruption ofWater Cycles
• Trees play a key role in the local water cycle
• Keep balance between the water on the land and the
water in the atmosphere
• Disrupted balance changes the precipitation and river
flow

19. Long TermEnvironmental Effects
Reduced Biodiversity
• 80 % species can be found in tropical rainforests
• Often unable to survive in the small fragments of forested
lend left behind
• Accessible to hunters and poachers
• Leading to extinction
Climate Change
• Forests help to mitigate carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gas emissions
• When cut, burned or otherwise removed they become
carbon source
• Tropical forests hold more than 210 gig tons of carbon
• Deforestation represents 15% of greenhouse gas
emissions
• Rising temperatures, changed patterns of weather and
increase of extreme weather events

20. Economical Effects
• Deforestation greatly influences many lives
• In Southeast Asia deforestation contributed to migration and social conflicts
• In Brazil the poor people are constantly pressured to move from their villages
often to remote soy plantations where they have to work under inhumane
conditions
• Destroying sources of medicine
• Increasing food insecurity
• Flooding causing loss of many lives
and homes
Disruption of Livelihoods

22. Solutions

23. Solutions
1. Corporations
2. Governments
• If corporations have the ability to destroy the world’s rainforests,
they also have the power to help save them
• Governments are able to enact ambitious domestic and
international forest policies that have wide-ranging effects
3. Individuals
• As individuals, we contribute significantly to deforestation with our
lifestyle, hence we have the responsibility to keep ourselves in
check

24. 1. Corporations
Implement anti-deforestation policies
• Corporations can implement anti-deforestation policies
that require suppliers and other stakeholders to operate
in ways that do not harm the environment
Minimise paper wastage and encourage recycling
• Corporations are huge consumers of paper. Management
can work towards a paper-free office by shifting towards
email and soft-copies, and also encourage their
employees to recycle

25. 2. Governments
Reforestation
• The cutting down of trees must be countered by replacing
old ones that were cut with young ones. Trees are being
planted every year, but they still don’t match the number
of trees that we lost
Support organisations that push for anti-deforestation
• Governments have the resources to allow anti-deforestation
organisations to get their message across
and increase their sphere of influence. This is a good way
to indirectly solve deforestation

26. 3. Individuals
“You may never know what
results come fromyour
action. But if you do nothing,
there will be no result.”
– Mahatma Gandhi

27. 3. Individuals
Recycle
• Everybody, even children, can be conscious of the need to
recycle. Instead of throwing paper away, we can always
seek to recycle it or use it for other purposes
Use recycled products
• By purchasing recycled products, we are encouraging
more and more companies to produce recycled products,
which deal less damage to our forests , creates less waste
and decreases the need for new raw materials

28. 3. Individuals
Go paperless
• For ecological deforestation to end, paper consumption
must be drastically reduced. Opting for paperless bills,
checks and payments significantly contributes towards
mending the harmful effects of deforestation
Be conscious of your food choices
• Cattle grazing is one of the primary causes of
deforestation. Limit your consumption of fast food meat
and always choose to buy locally. Knowing where your
food comes from helps to combat deforestation

29. 3. Individuals
Use renewable energy
• In some places, especially developing countries, wood is
still used as fuel. Purchase renewable energy, such as
solar, geothermal and wind energy to help stop
deforestation
Educate others of the need to fight deforestation
• What’s better than one person fighting deforestation?
Two people doing the same thing. Spread your
knowledge and urge others to follow in your footsteps
and fight deforestation

30. 6. Case study

31. INDEX
BISHNOI COMMUNNITY
AMRITA DEVI
CHIPKO MOVEMENT
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

32. Bishnoi community

33. •THE BISHNOI IS A NON VIOLENT COMMUNITY OF NATURE
WORSHIPPERS OF RAJASTHAN IN WESTERN INDIA
•FOUNDED BY GURU JAMBHESHWAR BEFORE 1451 AFTER A
DRAUGHT IN THE MARWAR REGION OF RAJASTHAN.
•THE GURU DIRECTED THE WORSHIP OF LORD VISHNU ,THUS THE
SECT IS CALLED VISHNOI OR BISHNOI.
•THE BISHNOIS FOLLOW 29 PRINCIPLES GIVEN
BY GURU JAMBHESHWAR WHICH WERE NOT
ONLY TAILORED TO CONSERVE BIO-DIVERSITY
OF THE AREA BUT ALSO ENSURED
ECO- FRIENDLY SOCIAL LIFE.

34. •BISHNOIS ARE STRONG
LOVERS OF WILD ANIMALS
•ANIMALS ARE PROTECTED IN
BISHNOI –DOMINATED AREAS
•BISHNOI COMMUNITY HAS
LAUNCHED STRONG PROTESTS
AGAINST THE KILLING OF
BLACK BUCKS BY SALMAN KHAN
AND MANSUR ALI KHAN
PATAUDI.

35. Amrita devi

36. •IN 1731 AMRITA DEVI ,A
BISHNOI WOMAN WHO ALONG
WITH MORE THAN 363 OTHER
BISHNOIS DIED SAVING THE
KHEJRALI TREES.
•ALL KILLED WERE BURRIED IN
KHEJRALI VILLAGE NEAR
JODHPUR.
•IN SEP, THEY COMMEMORATE
THE EXTREME SACRIFICE MADE
BY THEIR PEOPLE.
•GOVT OF INDIA RECENTLY
INSTITUTED AN “AMRITA DEVI
BISHNOI NATIONAL AWARD FOR
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION” IN
THE MEMORY OF AMRITA DEVI.

37. Chipko movement

38. INTRODUCTION
Chipko means tree hugging or “embrace” as
the villagers hug the trees.
The movement is best known for its tactic
of hugging trees to prevent them being cut
down and to prevent commercial timber
harvesting.
ORIGIN
Gopeshwar in District Chamoli. Uttaranchal
in 1970’s
First Chipko action March 1974 in Reni
village.
Locally it is called as Angwal.

39. THE SPREADING OF MOVEMENT
Government's decision to allot forest
trees to a sports goods company.
The local residents in Gopeshwar were
denied the similar demand of getting
few trees, required for making farm
tools.
Organized rallies to protect the
forest from mass destruction.
Idea of Chipko Movement originated.
Sunder Lal Bahuguna
(Environmentalist)
Enlightened the country and out world
about the movement, its success and
environmental impact.
Padmabhushan winner for his
contribution in the movement.
Sunderlal Bahuguna

40. SUCCESS OF CHIPKO MOVEMENT
•This movement has spread to many
states in the country.
•It stopped felling of trees in the
Western Ghats and the Vindhyas
•More than 1,00,000 trees have
been saved from excavation
•By 1981, over a million trees had
been planted through their efforts.

41. Main Leaders
•Chandi Prasad Bhatt.
•Sunder Lal Bahuguna.
•Sarla Bahen from Lakshmi
Ashram.
•Women groups.
•The Uttarakahand
Sangharsh Vahini (USV).

43. Wildlife conservation

44. What is Wildlife Conservation?
Wildlife conservation is the practice of
protecting endangered plant and animal
species and their habitats. Among the goals of
wildlife conservation are to ensure that nature
will be around for future generations to enjoy
and to recognize the importance of wildlife and
wilderness lands to humans.

45. WHY SHOULD WE CONSERVE WILDLIFE?
• It is necessary to conserve wildlife
because it results in undesirable
consequences for the whole ecosystem.
• Conservation preserves the ecological
diversity and our life support systems.
• It also helps in the preservation of the
genetic diversity of plants and animals for
better growth of species and breeding.
• The destruction of forests and wildlife is
not just a biological issue. The biological
loss is strongly correlated with the loss
of cultural diversity.

46. 7.CONCLUSION Increased understanding about the world’s
current wildlife situation and an increased
emphasis on education will give future
generations an opportunity to experience
nature to its fullest extent

47. Conclusion

48. If the current rate of deforestation
continues, the world’s rainforests
will disappear within 100 years –
causing unknown effects on global
climate and eliminating the
majority of plant and animal
species on earth!
Thank you
A presentation by
Vineeth,Tinto,Albin
&
……………….?