Agglomeration is the process of particle size enlargement and is used throughout a variety of industries to improve handling and product characteristics, among other things. This presentation looks at why it may be desirable to agglomerate a material, as well as some of the basic types of agglomeration.
A short presentation for beginners on Introduction of Machine Learning, What it is, how it works, what all are the popular Machine Learning techniques and learning models (supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, reinforcement learning) and how they works with various Industry use-cases and popular examples.
Markerless tracking techniques for systems maintenance and assembly in Augmen...Gino Farisano
Augmented reality (AR) allows to integrate real-time virtual 3D objects in a real environment. There are several AR application sectors, including the medical, the entertainment industry, the military and industrial area with particular regard to maintenance, assembly and repair of components and devices. The instructions to execute, to assemble, to maintain or to repair an object may be easier to understand if they were available, not as manuals with images but rather as animated 3D drawings in the real scene.
There are many different technologies integrable in augmented reality systems. It ranges from a simple computer with a webcam, to mobile devices (eg smartphones), or even to viewers HMD (Head Mounted Displays), available in two types: optical see-through and video see-through. Such devices have the advantage of providing a feeling of immersion in the AR and, at the same time, they release the user from always keep the same rigid position during the interaction with the "increased" environment.
As regards the mode of recognition objects in the scene there are essentially two types of AR systems; the first systems are marker based, the second, instead, are marker less.
In this thesis was made an AR see-through video prototype for mobile platforms with the aim of demonstrating the feasibility of train an unexperienced user to perform an assembly/disassembly procedure of electronic devices. The proposed system uses smartphone’s camera as capture device and the potential of computing/rendering device for tracking and augmentation of the user observed scene. Having been designed for mobile platforms, the system also operates on HMD Cardboard Google and Samsung Gear VR. The objects identification and tracking in the scene are made through tracking techniques using marker-less system able to use the natural objects as features. In this regard it was used the framework Vuforia for "scan" the target of interest from multiple angles and points of view so as to provide an identification system flexible and robust.
The experimental results show that users have a high level of confidence with the system, completing the procedure in significantly shorter time and without errors. The results confirm the validity of the proposed methodology stressing that a maintenance system based on AR is favored over traditional paper manuals.
Agglomeration is the process of particle size enlargement and is used throughout a variety of industries to improve handling and product characteristics, among other things. This presentation looks at why it may be desirable to agglomerate a material, as well as some of the basic types of agglomeration.
A short presentation for beginners on Introduction of Machine Learning, What it is, how it works, what all are the popular Machine Learning techniques and learning models (supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, reinforcement learning) and how they works with various Industry use-cases and popular examples.
Markerless tracking techniques for systems maintenance and assembly in Augmen...Gino Farisano
Augmented reality (AR) allows to integrate real-time virtual 3D objects in a real environment. There are several AR application sectors, including the medical, the entertainment industry, the military and industrial area with particular regard to maintenance, assembly and repair of components and devices. The instructions to execute, to assemble, to maintain or to repair an object may be easier to understand if they were available, not as manuals with images but rather as animated 3D drawings in the real scene.
There are many different technologies integrable in augmented reality systems. It ranges from a simple computer with a webcam, to mobile devices (eg smartphones), or even to viewers HMD (Head Mounted Displays), available in two types: optical see-through and video see-through. Such devices have the advantage of providing a feeling of immersion in the AR and, at the same time, they release the user from always keep the same rigid position during the interaction with the "increased" environment.
As regards the mode of recognition objects in the scene there are essentially two types of AR systems; the first systems are marker based, the second, instead, are marker less.
In this thesis was made an AR see-through video prototype for mobile platforms with the aim of demonstrating the feasibility of train an unexperienced user to perform an assembly/disassembly procedure of electronic devices. The proposed system uses smartphone’s camera as capture device and the potential of computing/rendering device for tracking and augmentation of the user observed scene. Having been designed for mobile platforms, the system also operates on HMD Cardboard Google and Samsung Gear VR. The objects identification and tracking in the scene are made through tracking techniques using marker-less system able to use the natural objects as features. In this regard it was used the framework Vuforia for "scan" the target of interest from multiple angles and points of view so as to provide an identification system flexible and robust.
The experimental results show that users have a high level of confidence with the system, completing the procedure in significantly shorter time and without errors. The results confirm the validity of the proposed methodology stressing that a maintenance system based on AR is favored over traditional paper manuals.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2. DBSCAN single view: concetti di base
Idea di base:
◦ I cluster sono regioni ad alta densità
◦ I cluster sono separati da regioni a bassa densità
Perché clustering basato su densità?
◦ Algoritmo k-means e varianti inadeguati con clusters strutturati diversamente
3. DBSCAN single view: concetti di base [2]
Idea
◦ Ogni punto in un cluster è caratterizzato da una densità locale
◦ L’insieme dei punti in un cluster è connesso spazialmente
Densità locale
◦ Intorno
◦ MinPoints
◦ Numero minimo di punti richiesti in N(x)
Un oggetto q è un core-object se, dati e MinPts,
),(|)( yxdistDyxN
MinPtsN q )(
MinPts=5
4. DBSCAN single view: concetti di base [2]
p è raggiungibile da q
se
◦ q è un core-object
◦ p N(q)
Chiusura transitiva p connesso a q se
◦ Esiste o
◦ p e q sono raggiungibili da o
5. DBSCAN single view: concetti di base [3]
Clustering
◦ Partizione di D = [S1;…,Sn;N]
◦ S1;…,Sn clusters
◦ N outliers
Core
Bordo
Outlier
= 1cm
MinPts = 5
6. DBSCAN single view: concetti di base [4]
◦ Ogni oggetto in un cluster S è raggiungibile da un qualsiasi core-object
◦ Gli outliers non sono raggiungibili dai core-objects
◦ Passo 4: gli y raccolti tramite una serie di queries di neighborhood
1.FOR EACH xD
2. IF x non appartiene a nessun cluster
3. IF x è un core-object
4. Sx = {y| y raggiungibile da x}
ELSE
5. N = N {x}
7. DBSCAN multiview
Motivazioni
◦ Più viste dello stesso oggetto
◦ Restringere l’analisi su una singola vista
◦ Features spaces combinati sono difficile da costruire
Approccio [Clustering Multi-Represented Objects with Noise, Kailing et al]
◦ Utilizzare features spaces distinti per ogni vista
◦ Viste differenti possono utilizzare indici differenti
◦ Combinare i risultati delle diverse viste
◦ Unione
◦ Intersezione
8. DBSCAN multiview (“formalmente”)
Sia DB un database di n oggetti
◦ Ogni o ∈ DB ha m differenti viste, {R1(o), R2(o), ..., Rm(o)}
Per ogni vista esiste un local εi-neighborhood
◦ Viste differenti possono avere ε e funzioni distanza differenti
◦ MinPts è globale
9. DBSCAN multiview: unione
Utile per dati sparsi
◦ Molti cluster piccoli e tanto rumore
◦ In contesti single view rilassando ε “si risolve il problema”ma…BAD CLUSTERING!
Assegna gli oggetti allo stesso cluster se essi sono simili in almeno una vista
◦ È tutelata la separazione dei cluster ma si supera il problema sparsità
◦ Vincolo debole: area densa in almeno una vista
Union core object
◦ unire tutti i local εi-neighborhoods e verificare se ci sono abbastanza oggetti nel global
neighborhood (minPts globale)
10. DBSCAN multiview: intersezione
Utile per dati che contengono viste inaffidabili (cattive misurazioni)
Assegna gli oggetti allo stesso cluster se essi sono simili in tutte le vista
◦ Il clustering risultante è “puro” in tutte le viste
◦ Nessuna contaminazione da parte di altre viste (vedi unione)
Intersection core object
◦ Un oggetto deve essere un core object in tutte le viste
◦ ε locale, minPts globale
11. DBSCAN multiview: implementazione
Implementazione C++* (≈400 linee di codice implemetate)
◦ Interfaccia per implementare proprie funzioni distanza e similarità
◦ Import di matrici distanze o similarità (CSV file)
◦ Utilizzabile con un arbitrario numero di viste
◦ Unione e intersezione
◦ Veloce?: 70.644 test, 2 view 151^2 in circa 2 ore
Modifiche alla versione single viewhttp://codingplayground.blogspot.it/2009/11/dbscan-clustering-algorithm.html
https://github.com/ginofarisano/DBScanMultiview
12. Multiview versus singleview: datasets
Input
◦ Un dataset genomico di 151 soggetti con il cancro
◦ Due views: miRNA e miRNASeq
◦ 4 classi di pazienti note (Her2, Basal, LumA, LumB)
◦ Dati altamente correlati: media 0.84, sd 0.1
Purpose
◦ Identificare sottoclassi significative
◦ Più accurate strategie diagnostiche e terapeutiche
13. Multiview versus singleview: input
parameters
Funzione similarità utilizzata
◦ Correlazione di Pearson
Scelta dei parametri e MinPts
◦ Singleview: dataGrid con 0.4 =< <=0.98 (delta 0.01) e 4=<minPts<=25
◦ 1218 test
◦ Multiview: dataGrid con 0.4 =< 1, 2* <=0.98 (delta 0.01) e 4=<minPts<=25
◦ 70.644 test
14. Multiview versus singleview: result
analysis (post-processing)
Eliminazione dei cluster cattivi
◦ Vincoli imposti
◦ No cluster molto grandi (70%)
◦ No molto rumore (30%)
19. Multiview versus singleview: result
analysis (Angela’s and Gino’s index)
Metriche utilizzate
◦ Numero di cluster
◦ Correlazione intracluster
◦ Correlazione intercluster
◦ Rumore
Purpose
◦ Poco rumore
◦ tanti (>4) cluster
◦ compatti e poco correlati tra loro
Index=intra+(1-inter)+(#cluster/#cluster massimo osservazione)+(1-noise)
20. Multiview versus singleview: result
analysis (Angela’s and Gino’s index)
Union Versus Intersection
Più cluster per l’intersezione (unione: ottimi locali diventano ottimi globali)
• Il post-processing livella la qualità del clustering
21. Multiview versus singleview: result
analysis (Angela’s and Gino’s index)
Union Versus Intersection
MinPts bassi ottengono i risultati migliori (minPts alti->”poco supporto”->molto rumore)
22. Multiview versus singleview: result
analysis (Angela’s and Gino’s index)
BoxPlot Intersection
(minPts alti non sono sintetizzabili)
23. Multiview versus singleview: result
analysis (DB index)
Risultatati
◦ Andamento simile al nostro indice per eps e minPts
◦ Non esalta molto il numero di cluster come il nostro indice
◦ Variabile ma in genere migliore per cluster più grandi
Ulteriori considerazioni
◦ Sia per il nostro in indice che per DB risultati single view leggermente
migliori del multiview
25. Matrice di confusione per DB index
Risultato migliore per l’unione (miRNASeq)
◦ È il medesimo del single view! -> ottimo locale diventa ottimo globale
26. Conclusioni
Datasets non idonei per esaltare le qualità del DBScan multiview
Dati sparsi? NO
Cattive misurazioni? (NO?)
FINE