Report: U.S. Chemistry Exports Linked To Shale Gas Could Double By 2030Marcellus Drilling News
A report from the American Chemistry Council that shows shale drilling in the U.S. is set to dramatically increase U.S. chemistry exports--doubling--by 2030.
The Irish Economy Going Into 2011: Prospects of an Export Led Recoverys.coffey
The Irish economy is turning the corner towards recovery in 2011 according to the Minister's statement on the 2010 Exchequer Returns. The public finances have stabilized and economic data from the third quarter of 2010 supports achieving the targets in Budget 2011. Export-led growth has been the government's strategy and it is working, with exports reaching an all-time high in 2010 and growing 6.2% over 2009, led by strong performances in manufacturing and agri-food. While the state continues to borrow more than sustainable, following the National Recovery Plan provides real grounds for optimism about the Irish economy entering 2011.
The document contains quarterly national accounts data from Ireland for 2005-2014. It includes time series charts and tables showing trends in key macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, GNP, consumption, investment, exports, imports and economic growth rates. Overall GDP growth was positive in 2014 Q2 according to the seasonally adjusted constant price data.
The document analyzes Ireland's economic performance in 2010. It shows that while consumption and investment continued declining in the first three quarters of 2009, exports remained relatively stable. The sectors hit hardest by the recession were building/construction and agriculture. The largest export markets were the US, Belgium, and UK, though exports declined to most countries. NAMA is expected to pay €54 billion to acquire €77 billion in bank loans now valued at €47 billion, representing a 30% haircut. AIB estimates it will transfer €23 billion in loans to NAMA and receive €19 billion in return, an 18% discount.
The document discusses budget 2011 and government expenditure from the perspective of Seamus Coffey in the Department of Economics. It focuses on expenditure savings for central government spending. However, it notes that there is one little problem with the expenditure savings plans.
The macroeconomic environment in Ireland in 2009 presents challenges for business planning. Unemployment is high at 11% while inflation is low at -2.6%. Tax revenue has dropped significantly in just two years, falling over 30%. Further deterioration in the labor market is likely to increase social welfare spending and decrease tax revenue. In response, governments worldwide have announced massive stimulus spending packages totaling trillions of dollars, but there is uncertainty around where this money will come from and its effects.
Report: U.S. Chemistry Exports Linked To Shale Gas Could Double By 2030Marcellus Drilling News
A report from the American Chemistry Council that shows shale drilling in the U.S. is set to dramatically increase U.S. chemistry exports--doubling--by 2030.
The Irish Economy Going Into 2011: Prospects of an Export Led Recoverys.coffey
The Irish economy is turning the corner towards recovery in 2011 according to the Minister's statement on the 2010 Exchequer Returns. The public finances have stabilized and economic data from the third quarter of 2010 supports achieving the targets in Budget 2011. Export-led growth has been the government's strategy and it is working, with exports reaching an all-time high in 2010 and growing 6.2% over 2009, led by strong performances in manufacturing and agri-food. While the state continues to borrow more than sustainable, following the National Recovery Plan provides real grounds for optimism about the Irish economy entering 2011.
The document contains quarterly national accounts data from Ireland for 2005-2014. It includes time series charts and tables showing trends in key macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, GNP, consumption, investment, exports, imports and economic growth rates. Overall GDP growth was positive in 2014 Q2 according to the seasonally adjusted constant price data.
The document analyzes Ireland's economic performance in 2010. It shows that while consumption and investment continued declining in the first three quarters of 2009, exports remained relatively stable. The sectors hit hardest by the recession were building/construction and agriculture. The largest export markets were the US, Belgium, and UK, though exports declined to most countries. NAMA is expected to pay €54 billion to acquire €77 billion in bank loans now valued at €47 billion, representing a 30% haircut. AIB estimates it will transfer €23 billion in loans to NAMA and receive €19 billion in return, an 18% discount.
The document discusses budget 2011 and government expenditure from the perspective of Seamus Coffey in the Department of Economics. It focuses on expenditure savings for central government spending. However, it notes that there is one little problem with the expenditure savings plans.
The macroeconomic environment in Ireland in 2009 presents challenges for business planning. Unemployment is high at 11% while inflation is low at -2.6%. Tax revenue has dropped significantly in just two years, falling over 30%. Further deterioration in the labor market is likely to increase social welfare spending and decrease tax revenue. In response, governments worldwide have announced massive stimulus spending packages totaling trillions of dollars, but there is uncertainty around where this money will come from and its effects.
The document provides trade statistics and figures on trade between the European Union and Russia from 2003-2013. It shows that in 2013, EU imports from Russia totaled 206.4 billion euros while exports to Russia were 119.8 billion euros, resulting in a trade deficit of 86.7 billion euros for the EU. The top imports from Russia were mineral products while the top exports to Russia were machinery and appliances. The document also includes charts and tables breaking down EU-Russia trade by product category and year.
- Starch production in the EU totaled 22 million tonnes in 2013, with maize, wheat, and potatoes making up the majority. Maize accounted for 48.2% of raw materials used.
- The main applications for starch in 2013 were confectionery and drinks (32%), processed foods (29%), and corrugating and paper (29%).
- Of the total 9 million tonne starch market in the EU in 2013, modified starches made up 56% and native starches were 24%.
The document summarizes trade statistics for Slovakia from 2006-2010. It shows that Slovakia's total imports increased from 38.8 billion Euros in 2009 to 48.7 billion Euros in 2010. Exports also increased, from 39.7 billion Euros in 2009 to 48.8 billion Euros in 2010. The top export commodities for Slovakia are vehicles, machinery/electrical equipment, and base metals. Germany and the Czech Republic are Slovakia's largest import and export partners.
The document provides an overview of key statistics and trends for the European food and drink industry in 2011-2012. Some of the main points summarized are:
- The food and drink industry is the largest manufacturing sector in the EU in terms of turnover (€1,017 billion) and employment (4.25 million people).
- During the recent economic downturn, the industry sustained positive growth and employment levels remained steady, outperforming other EU manufacturing sectors.
- Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a major role, accounting for 49.3% of industry turnover and 63.4% of employment.
- Top performing sub-sectors are meat, bakery, dairy
The document provides key figures about the European starch industry in 2015. It states that there were 25 companies and 75 plants that generated a total annual turnover of €7.9 billion. These companies employed 14,365 people directly and an estimated 100,000 indirectly. Maize and wheat accounted for the largest portions of starch production and sales in the EU. The main applications of starch in 2015 were confectionery and drinks (31%), other foods (30%), and corrugating and paper (29%).
The document summarizes the findings of an economic model that simulates the impacts of various external shocks and a currency devaluation on Egypt's economy. The model finds that a terms-of-trade shock has a positive impact while lower exports, reduced capital inflows, and a combined shock require a stronger devaluation. A devaluation improves trade and current accounts but increases domestic prices. GDP effects vary by sector, with gains in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing, and losses in utilities and construction.
The Bluecube Capital UK Equity Fund aims to produce capital growth through investing in 25-35 large and mid-cap UK companies selected using a quantitative value model and qualitative analysis. The fund overweights sectors like industrials, consumer services, and financials while underweighting utilities and holding 12.2% in cash. Over time periods of 1, 3, and 5 years, it has outperformed the FTSE 100 benchmark with lower volatility. Top holdings include WPP PLC, Admiral Group PLC, and Weir Group PLC.
Italy plays a large role in the European textiles, clothing, and leather industry (fashion system). It accounts for 21-33% of EU employment and turnover in the various subsectors. While the Italian fashion system has struggled since the 2008 financial crisis, it remains the largest in Europe in terms of employment, enterprises, and investment. The document provides detailed statistics on production, exports, employment, and regional specialization within Italy to analyze the current state and historical trends of its fashion industry.
The document provides an overview of doing business in China, including:
- Key facts about China's economy such as GDP, industries, exports, and trade partners.
- Information on importing and exporting goods to China such as common products, tariffs, and required licenses.
- Potential challenges such as fraud and cultural differences, and resources for addressing them.
- The role of the Chinese Embassy in Ireland in facilitating trade and investment between the two countries.
Eucatex reported strong financial results in 2Q13, with net revenue up 21.3% and recurring EBITDA up 38.3%. Net income increased 74.6%. All business segments saw revenue growth, with fiberboard revenue up 40.8% and laminated flooring up 34.8%. Eucatex continues investing in sustainability initiatives like forest plantations and recycling programs. Capex in 2Q13 was R$27.2 million and focused on equipment for T-HDF/MDF production and sustainability projects.
Eucatex reported strong financial results in 2Q13, with net revenue up 21.3% and recurring EBITDA up 38.3%. Key highlights included margin expansion across segments and increased capacity utilization. Capex in the quarter focused on sustainability initiatives and expanding HDF/MDF capacity. The company maintained a stable debt profile and reduced net debt/EBITDA to 1.2x.
The Continuing Constraints on Ireland's Public Financess.coffey
Ireland still faces constraints on its public finances from deficits and high debt levels, though debt is falling. While expenditure remains high, approximately 80% of corporation tax revenue comes from multinational corporations, highlighting Ireland's vulnerability. To better prepare for economic downturns, fiscal policy should assess balances and debt levels based on GNP rather than GDP, set aside corporate tax revenues equivalent to half the tax rate in a stability fund, and allow withdrawals from this fund during periods of low growth.
This document contains quarterly national accounts data from Ireland for the years 2005-2015. It includes time series charts showing trends in GDP, GNP, consumption, investment, exports, imports and other economic indicators. GDP growth was positive in 2015 Q2 after a long period of recovery from the economic downturn. The data provides a statistical overview of Ireland's economic performance and the contributions of different components to economic growth.
Presentation to Institute of Directors on Q2 economic datas.coffey
This document analyzes Ireland's recent economic growth and whether it represents a true recovery or statistical anomaly. It provides statistics showing that Ireland's GDP and GNP have grown significantly in recent years, with GDP growth reaching 7.7% in 2014, the fastest pace since 2007. This growth has been driven by a rebound in domestic demand and a strong increase in exports. Economists and media outlets have reacted positively but some question if the strength of the recovery can be sustained.
The document discusses the Six-Pack, Two-Pack and Fiscal Compact which introduced stricter fiscal rules for EU countries. It outlines the key provisions including medium-term budgetary objectives of -1% to balance of GDP, annual improvements of 0.5% of GDP to structural balance, and reducing excess debt by 1/20th annually. It also examines macroeconomic indicators for Ireland like growth, deficits, debt levels, and concludes that increased monitoring and enforcement aims to prevent future crises but may not solve the ongoing crisis.
The document discusses Ireland's growing public debt crisis. It estimates that Ireland's general government debt will reach approximately €250 billion by 2014, up drastically from €47 billion in 2007. This growth is primarily due to large budget deficits from 2008-2011, billions borrowed to recapitalize banks, and promissory notes issued to distressed financial institutions. While some assets may offset this debt, sustainability concerns remain due to risks of further bank losses, deficit overruns, and debt interest costs totaling billions annually. The outlook remains uncertain depending on maintaining deficit reduction and economic recovery.
The document discusses the key fiscal rules and targets contained in the proposed Fiscal Stability Treaty, including:
- Limiting annual deficits to 3% of GDP and requiring debt levels not exceed 60% of GDP (Maastricht criteria)
- Requiring structural deficits be reduced by between 0.75-1.5% of GDP annually if above limits (Public Finances Correction Rule)
- Limiting expenditure growth to potential GDP growth in strong economic times (Sustainable Expenditure Growth Rule)
- Additional measures like macroeconomic imbalance scorecard and linking access to ESM funds on ratifying the treaty.
The document contains graphs and data on key Irish economic indicators such as GDP, components of GDP, trade balances, imports and exports from 2005-2011. It shows that after steady growth, GDP declined in 2008-2009 due to the financial crisis but resumed growing in 2010-2011. Exports initially drove growth but were later balanced by increasing domestic demand.
1) Professor Morgan Kelly warned in several Irish Times articles between 2006-2011 that Ireland's public debt crisis could result in national bankruptcy as property prices collapsed, unemployment rose, and bank losses mounted.
2) Kelly estimated that Ireland's total government debt could reach €250 billion by 2014 due to annual deficits, bank bailouts, and promissory note interest. Others argued Kelly's estimate was too high by €50-60 billion.
3) Breaking down potential debt sources, the author estimates Ireland's government debt could realistically reach €210 billion by 2014, with bank-related debt accounting for 25% of the total and annual deficits contributing €100 billion overall.
The National Accounts were updated for Q4 2010. GDP growth was revised upwards to show an increase of 0.5% over the previous quarter, rather than the preliminary estimate of 0.3%. Consumer spending and business investment were stronger than initially estimated, contributing to the upward revision in GDP growth in Q4 2010. Inflation remained subdued, with CPI inflation of 3.3% year-on-year in December 2010.
The government spends money on many programs and services each year. In 2009, the largest areas of central government spending were on healthcare at 24% of the budget, education at 15%, and social security benefits at 14%. Defense spending accounted for another 12% while interest on the national debt made up 7% of central government expenditures.
The document discusses how Ireland's budget deficit projection increased from €3 billion to €6 billion between 2009 and 2010. This €3 billion increase was due to several factors: €1 billion from reductions to nominal GDP projections, €1 billion from the continued deterioration of public finances, and €1 billion from lowering the target for the general government balance (GGB) from 10% to 9.3% of GDP. Reduced growth forecasts did not contribute to the increased deficit projection.
The document provides trade statistics and figures on trade between the European Union and Russia from 2003-2013. It shows that in 2013, EU imports from Russia totaled 206.4 billion euros while exports to Russia were 119.8 billion euros, resulting in a trade deficit of 86.7 billion euros for the EU. The top imports from Russia were mineral products while the top exports to Russia were machinery and appliances. The document also includes charts and tables breaking down EU-Russia trade by product category and year.
- Starch production in the EU totaled 22 million tonnes in 2013, with maize, wheat, and potatoes making up the majority. Maize accounted for 48.2% of raw materials used.
- The main applications for starch in 2013 were confectionery and drinks (32%), processed foods (29%), and corrugating and paper (29%).
- Of the total 9 million tonne starch market in the EU in 2013, modified starches made up 56% and native starches were 24%.
The document summarizes trade statistics for Slovakia from 2006-2010. It shows that Slovakia's total imports increased from 38.8 billion Euros in 2009 to 48.7 billion Euros in 2010. Exports also increased, from 39.7 billion Euros in 2009 to 48.8 billion Euros in 2010. The top export commodities for Slovakia are vehicles, machinery/electrical equipment, and base metals. Germany and the Czech Republic are Slovakia's largest import and export partners.
The document provides an overview of key statistics and trends for the European food and drink industry in 2011-2012. Some of the main points summarized are:
- The food and drink industry is the largest manufacturing sector in the EU in terms of turnover (€1,017 billion) and employment (4.25 million people).
- During the recent economic downturn, the industry sustained positive growth and employment levels remained steady, outperforming other EU manufacturing sectors.
- Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a major role, accounting for 49.3% of industry turnover and 63.4% of employment.
- Top performing sub-sectors are meat, bakery, dairy
The document provides key figures about the European starch industry in 2015. It states that there were 25 companies and 75 plants that generated a total annual turnover of €7.9 billion. These companies employed 14,365 people directly and an estimated 100,000 indirectly. Maize and wheat accounted for the largest portions of starch production and sales in the EU. The main applications of starch in 2015 were confectionery and drinks (31%), other foods (30%), and corrugating and paper (29%).
The document summarizes the findings of an economic model that simulates the impacts of various external shocks and a currency devaluation on Egypt's economy. The model finds that a terms-of-trade shock has a positive impact while lower exports, reduced capital inflows, and a combined shock require a stronger devaluation. A devaluation improves trade and current accounts but increases domestic prices. GDP effects vary by sector, with gains in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing, and losses in utilities and construction.
The Bluecube Capital UK Equity Fund aims to produce capital growth through investing in 25-35 large and mid-cap UK companies selected using a quantitative value model and qualitative analysis. The fund overweights sectors like industrials, consumer services, and financials while underweighting utilities and holding 12.2% in cash. Over time periods of 1, 3, and 5 years, it has outperformed the FTSE 100 benchmark with lower volatility. Top holdings include WPP PLC, Admiral Group PLC, and Weir Group PLC.
Italy plays a large role in the European textiles, clothing, and leather industry (fashion system). It accounts for 21-33% of EU employment and turnover in the various subsectors. While the Italian fashion system has struggled since the 2008 financial crisis, it remains the largest in Europe in terms of employment, enterprises, and investment. The document provides detailed statistics on production, exports, employment, and regional specialization within Italy to analyze the current state and historical trends of its fashion industry.
The document provides an overview of doing business in China, including:
- Key facts about China's economy such as GDP, industries, exports, and trade partners.
- Information on importing and exporting goods to China such as common products, tariffs, and required licenses.
- Potential challenges such as fraud and cultural differences, and resources for addressing them.
- The role of the Chinese Embassy in Ireland in facilitating trade and investment between the two countries.
Eucatex reported strong financial results in 2Q13, with net revenue up 21.3% and recurring EBITDA up 38.3%. Net income increased 74.6%. All business segments saw revenue growth, with fiberboard revenue up 40.8% and laminated flooring up 34.8%. Eucatex continues investing in sustainability initiatives like forest plantations and recycling programs. Capex in 2Q13 was R$27.2 million and focused on equipment for T-HDF/MDF production and sustainability projects.
Eucatex reported strong financial results in 2Q13, with net revenue up 21.3% and recurring EBITDA up 38.3%. Key highlights included margin expansion across segments and increased capacity utilization. Capex in the quarter focused on sustainability initiatives and expanding HDF/MDF capacity. The company maintained a stable debt profile and reduced net debt/EBITDA to 1.2x.
The Continuing Constraints on Ireland's Public Financess.coffey
Ireland still faces constraints on its public finances from deficits and high debt levels, though debt is falling. While expenditure remains high, approximately 80% of corporation tax revenue comes from multinational corporations, highlighting Ireland's vulnerability. To better prepare for economic downturns, fiscal policy should assess balances and debt levels based on GNP rather than GDP, set aside corporate tax revenues equivalent to half the tax rate in a stability fund, and allow withdrawals from this fund during periods of low growth.
This document contains quarterly national accounts data from Ireland for the years 2005-2015. It includes time series charts showing trends in GDP, GNP, consumption, investment, exports, imports and other economic indicators. GDP growth was positive in 2015 Q2 after a long period of recovery from the economic downturn. The data provides a statistical overview of Ireland's economic performance and the contributions of different components to economic growth.
Presentation to Institute of Directors on Q2 economic datas.coffey
This document analyzes Ireland's recent economic growth and whether it represents a true recovery or statistical anomaly. It provides statistics showing that Ireland's GDP and GNP have grown significantly in recent years, with GDP growth reaching 7.7% in 2014, the fastest pace since 2007. This growth has been driven by a rebound in domestic demand and a strong increase in exports. Economists and media outlets have reacted positively but some question if the strength of the recovery can be sustained.
The document discusses the Six-Pack, Two-Pack and Fiscal Compact which introduced stricter fiscal rules for EU countries. It outlines the key provisions including medium-term budgetary objectives of -1% to balance of GDP, annual improvements of 0.5% of GDP to structural balance, and reducing excess debt by 1/20th annually. It also examines macroeconomic indicators for Ireland like growth, deficits, debt levels, and concludes that increased monitoring and enforcement aims to prevent future crises but may not solve the ongoing crisis.
The document discusses Ireland's growing public debt crisis. It estimates that Ireland's general government debt will reach approximately €250 billion by 2014, up drastically from €47 billion in 2007. This growth is primarily due to large budget deficits from 2008-2011, billions borrowed to recapitalize banks, and promissory notes issued to distressed financial institutions. While some assets may offset this debt, sustainability concerns remain due to risks of further bank losses, deficit overruns, and debt interest costs totaling billions annually. The outlook remains uncertain depending on maintaining deficit reduction and economic recovery.
The document discusses the key fiscal rules and targets contained in the proposed Fiscal Stability Treaty, including:
- Limiting annual deficits to 3% of GDP and requiring debt levels not exceed 60% of GDP (Maastricht criteria)
- Requiring structural deficits be reduced by between 0.75-1.5% of GDP annually if above limits (Public Finances Correction Rule)
- Limiting expenditure growth to potential GDP growth in strong economic times (Sustainable Expenditure Growth Rule)
- Additional measures like macroeconomic imbalance scorecard and linking access to ESM funds on ratifying the treaty.
The document contains graphs and data on key Irish economic indicators such as GDP, components of GDP, trade balances, imports and exports from 2005-2011. It shows that after steady growth, GDP declined in 2008-2009 due to the financial crisis but resumed growing in 2010-2011. Exports initially drove growth but were later balanced by increasing domestic demand.
1) Professor Morgan Kelly warned in several Irish Times articles between 2006-2011 that Ireland's public debt crisis could result in national bankruptcy as property prices collapsed, unemployment rose, and bank losses mounted.
2) Kelly estimated that Ireland's total government debt could reach €250 billion by 2014 due to annual deficits, bank bailouts, and promissory note interest. Others argued Kelly's estimate was too high by €50-60 billion.
3) Breaking down potential debt sources, the author estimates Ireland's government debt could realistically reach €210 billion by 2014, with bank-related debt accounting for 25% of the total and annual deficits contributing €100 billion overall.
The National Accounts were updated for Q4 2010. GDP growth was revised upwards to show an increase of 0.5% over the previous quarter, rather than the preliminary estimate of 0.3%. Consumer spending and business investment were stronger than initially estimated, contributing to the upward revision in GDP growth in Q4 2010. Inflation remained subdued, with CPI inflation of 3.3% year-on-year in December 2010.
The government spends money on many programs and services each year. In 2009, the largest areas of central government spending were on healthcare at 24% of the budget, education at 15%, and social security benefits at 14%. Defense spending accounted for another 12% while interest on the national debt made up 7% of central government expenditures.
The document discusses how Ireland's budget deficit projection increased from €3 billion to €6 billion between 2009 and 2010. This €3 billion increase was due to several factors: €1 billion from reductions to nominal GDP projections, €1 billion from the continued deterioration of public finances, and €1 billion from lowering the target for the general government balance (GGB) from 10% to 9.3% of GDP. Reduced growth forecasts did not contribute to the increased deficit projection.
The document discusses quarterly GDP and GNP statistics from 2005 and 1997. It contains information on gross domestic product and gross national product for multiple quarters and years.
GDP and GNP figures for 2005 are presented on a quarterly basis. The document also contains quarterly GDP and GNP data from 1997. Overall, the document provides economic performance data from two different years broken down by quarter.
The document provides an overview of methods used to estimate the size of the black economy in Ireland. It summarizes international estimates that range from 2-28% of GDP depending on the method. A monetary method is then applied to Ireland which estimates the black economy was around 11% of GNP in 1995, equivalent to £3.6 billion. The estimate suggests the black economy has increased over time from low levels in the 1960s, rising steadily to 5.5% of GNP in 1979 and then more rapidly in the 1980s due to rising tax burden.
A Natural Experiment in the Prisoner's Dilemmas.coffey
This document analyzes data from the TV game show Goldenballs to study how participants make choices in prisoner's dilemma situations. In the final round, two contestants split or steal a jackpot. Players cooperated (split) 48% of the time, with males cooperating more than females and young players cooperating more than mature players. There was more cooperation between genders than within genders. Players in the same age category cooperated more than those of different ages. Mature players were most efficient at converting jackpots into winnings.
Compulsory Savings and the Singapore Health Systems.coffey
The document discusses Singapore's healthcare system and whether aspects of it could be applied in Ireland. It outlines Singapore's Central Provident Fund program which requires compulsory healthcare savings contributions. These contributions fund the "3Ms" of the Singapore system - Medisave medical savings accounts, Medishield catastrophic insurance, and Medifund for the needy. Surveys show Singaporeans support personal responsibility for healthcare costs and view the system as generally affordable and high quality despite relying on less than 4% of GDP. However, implementing such a system may require prerequisites like willingness to save that differ between countries.
1. Driving a car can negatively impact others through traffic congestion, pollution, and increased chances of accidents. These unintended impacts are called externalities.
2. Economists propose addressing externalities through mechanisms like taxes and regulations that make individuals consider the full social costs of their actions. For driving, examples include gas taxes, emissions regulations, and traffic laws.
3. Congestion is a major externality from driving that remains largely unaddressed. Proposals like congestion pricing charge drivers variable fees based on road usage levels, encouraging more efficient driving behaviors. Singapore has implemented this successfully, reducing peak traffic by 13%.
The document provides an overview of key metrics of the Irish economy in January 2010, including the components of GDP (consumption, investment, government spending, exports minus imports), and quarterly growth rates by sector from 2008 to 2009 Q3, which show a decline across most sectors during the recession. National debt is also mentioned.
Players practice striking and catching drills at different distances on the field. Drill A has partners strike balls directly to each other from blue bollards to work on striking, judging flight, and catching. Drill B has one player lob a pass from a blue bollard to outside a yellow or red bollard for their partner to work on placement and giving their teammate an advantage. The purpose of both drills is to improve striking, catching, placement, and visualizing opponents on the field.
The document provides instructions for basic striking drills in hurling. It describes running drills where players strike the ball from different positions, making sure their weight is on the correct foot when striking left or right. Players are told to visualize the defender being on their outside shoulder and to imagine having time and space when taking their shot.