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Confidential and Proprietary
CSAT Opportunity Cost
Why we need to act fast
What is Random Walk Theory
2
 It is one of the simplest but important time series
forecasting model
 It assumes that for every time period, a variable takes a
random step away from its previous position and these steps
are independently and identically distributed in size
 Fx currency market and US stock forecasting are two
examples of application of this model
Can Customer Satisfaction be explained by
Random Walk?
3
 Customer Satisfaction as measured on industry
benchmark such as JD Power is based on perception of
customers of US utilities( As stock values represents
general public perception of a company)
 It is not easy to predict how different parameters such as
rate cases, Utility’s actual performance and market
conditions are going to affect customer satisfaction
CSAT Random Walk: Mathematical proof
4
 We looked at JD Power quarterly CSAT data from 2010 to date
and ran the quarterly CSAT values for large utilityTop Quartile
and 6 major utilities over this period
 We ran the various tests to verify seasonality, autocorrelation and
random walk thru’ various standard tests
 As we can see the results, CSAT data supports random walk
theory
JDP Top Q Utl 1 Utl 2 Utl 3 Utl 4 Utl 5 Utl 6 Overall
Original Series Plot Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
First Different Plot Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Standard Deviation Check Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y
Random Walk Statistic Test (SAS Default) Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Seasonality There is NO seasonality in the series Regress CSAT scores on season dummy variablesY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
AutocorrelationThere is NO autocorrelation in the seriesSAS Autoreg procedure Y N Y Y Y N N Y
Conclusion: The data series follows a random walk pattern in general, so we can use random walk model to predict the CSAT scores
Test name Test Methods
Section
Y=Support hypothesis
N= Not Support hypothesis
Hypothesis
There is random walk in the seriesRandom Walk
Comparing fundamentals and predict CSAT behavior
with very different probable results
5
Year 2 Year 3
Growth Rate Std Dev Min Average Max Min Average Max
Top Q 0.58% 1.52% 734 742 751 748 760 772
Utl 1 0.49% 2.86% 705 720 736 714 735 756
Utl 2 0.51% 2.30% 715 728 741 726 743 760
Utl 3 0.85% 3.48% 703 722 741 721 747 773
Utl 4 0.49% 2.88% 726 742 758 734 756 778
Ult 5 0.56% 4.50% 711 736 761 719 753 787
Utl 6 0.12% 6.75% 647 682 716 639 685 731
 Utl 1 and Utl 3 have similar growth rate and Std deviation but produce
different results
Probabilistic Range of Utl 3 and Utl 1relative
to the Top Q range
6
734
748751
772
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
2017 2018
Top Q
Utl3
Utl1
RandomWalk Theory helps to predict customer satisfaction and its
relative position toTop Quartile
Random Walk helps to calculate the opportunity Cost
of the Delayed Actions to improve CSAT
7
Utl1 Utl2 Utl3 Utl4 Utl5 Utl6
Positive Drift # 14 12 16 16 13 10
Negative Drift# 10 12 8 8 11 14
Positive Drift Avg 2.28% 2.47% 2.83% 2.03% 4.03% 6.59%
Negative Drift Avg -2.03% -1.45% -3.11% -2.60% -3.53% -4.50%
EconomicValue 0.49% 0.51% 0.85% 0.49% 0.56% 0.12%
Positive Drift
Probability
0.58 0.50 0.67 0.67 0.54 0.42
Negative Drift
Probability
0.42 0.50 0.33 0.33 0.46 0.58
Cost of Delayed Action
Min (CSAT Rate)
1.80% 1.96% 1.98% 1.54% 3.47% 6.47%
Cost of Delayed Action
Max (CSAT Rate)
4.31% 3.92% 5.93% 4.62% 7.56% 11.09%
Cost of Delayed Action
Min (CSAT Points)
13 14 15 12 26 44
Cost of Delayed Action
Max (CSAT Points
32 29 44 35 57 76

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Csat random walk opportunity cost

  • 1. Confidential and Proprietary CSAT Opportunity Cost Why we need to act fast
  • 2. What is Random Walk Theory 2  It is one of the simplest but important time series forecasting model  It assumes that for every time period, a variable takes a random step away from its previous position and these steps are independently and identically distributed in size  Fx currency market and US stock forecasting are two examples of application of this model
  • 3. Can Customer Satisfaction be explained by Random Walk? 3  Customer Satisfaction as measured on industry benchmark such as JD Power is based on perception of customers of US utilities( As stock values represents general public perception of a company)  It is not easy to predict how different parameters such as rate cases, Utility’s actual performance and market conditions are going to affect customer satisfaction
  • 4. CSAT Random Walk: Mathematical proof 4  We looked at JD Power quarterly CSAT data from 2010 to date and ran the quarterly CSAT values for large utilityTop Quartile and 6 major utilities over this period  We ran the various tests to verify seasonality, autocorrelation and random walk thru’ various standard tests  As we can see the results, CSAT data supports random walk theory JDP Top Q Utl 1 Utl 2 Utl 3 Utl 4 Utl 5 Utl 6 Overall Original Series Plot Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y First Different Plot Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Standard Deviation Check Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Random Walk Statistic Test (SAS Default) Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Seasonality There is NO seasonality in the series Regress CSAT scores on season dummy variablesY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y AutocorrelationThere is NO autocorrelation in the seriesSAS Autoreg procedure Y N Y Y Y N N Y Conclusion: The data series follows a random walk pattern in general, so we can use random walk model to predict the CSAT scores Test name Test Methods Section Y=Support hypothesis N= Not Support hypothesis Hypothesis There is random walk in the seriesRandom Walk
  • 5. Comparing fundamentals and predict CSAT behavior with very different probable results 5 Year 2 Year 3 Growth Rate Std Dev Min Average Max Min Average Max Top Q 0.58% 1.52% 734 742 751 748 760 772 Utl 1 0.49% 2.86% 705 720 736 714 735 756 Utl 2 0.51% 2.30% 715 728 741 726 743 760 Utl 3 0.85% 3.48% 703 722 741 721 747 773 Utl 4 0.49% 2.88% 726 742 758 734 756 778 Ult 5 0.56% 4.50% 711 736 761 719 753 787 Utl 6 0.12% 6.75% 647 682 716 639 685 731  Utl 1 and Utl 3 have similar growth rate and Std deviation but produce different results
  • 6. Probabilistic Range of Utl 3 and Utl 1relative to the Top Q range 6 734 748751 772 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 2017 2018 Top Q Utl3 Utl1 RandomWalk Theory helps to predict customer satisfaction and its relative position toTop Quartile
  • 7. Random Walk helps to calculate the opportunity Cost of the Delayed Actions to improve CSAT 7 Utl1 Utl2 Utl3 Utl4 Utl5 Utl6 Positive Drift # 14 12 16 16 13 10 Negative Drift# 10 12 8 8 11 14 Positive Drift Avg 2.28% 2.47% 2.83% 2.03% 4.03% 6.59% Negative Drift Avg -2.03% -1.45% -3.11% -2.60% -3.53% -4.50% EconomicValue 0.49% 0.51% 0.85% 0.49% 0.56% 0.12% Positive Drift Probability 0.58 0.50 0.67 0.67 0.54 0.42 Negative Drift Probability 0.42 0.50 0.33 0.33 0.46 0.58 Cost of Delayed Action Min (CSAT Rate) 1.80% 1.96% 1.98% 1.54% 3.47% 6.47% Cost of Delayed Action Max (CSAT Rate) 4.31% 3.92% 5.93% 4.62% 7.56% 11.09% Cost of Delayed Action Min (CSAT Points) 13 14 15 12 26 44 Cost of Delayed Action Max (CSAT Points 32 29 44 35 57 76