Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily causing ulceration in the small and large intestines. It is believed to be caused by an inappropriate immune response to environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Diagnosis involves family and personal history, stool tests, colonoscopy, imaging tests, and blood tests to check for inflammation and nutrient deficiencies. Treatment includes medications to reduce inflammation and immunity, antibiotics, nutritional supplements, surgery for complications, and special diets.

2.  A chronic inflammatory disease of the
gastrointestinal tract.
 Its primary causes ulceration in the large and
small intestine

3.  Crohn’s disease is an idiopathic
inflammatory bowel disease characterized by
transmural non caseating granulomatous
inflammation

6. Pathophysiology
of Crohn’s
disease

7. Antigenic Stimulation
Microbial/ Dietary Antigen
Intestinal Mucosa Gut Immune System
Physiological Inflammation
Normal Host Susceptible Host
Genetic
Predisposition
Environmental
Factor
Uncontrolled
Inflammation
Limited
Inflammation
Handling With
No Tissue Injury
Excessive
Tissue Injury
CROHN’S DISEASE

10.  Family and personal history
 Stool test
 Colonoscopy
 CAT scan
 Barium study
 Complete blood count (CBC): It checks for
anemia (low numbers of red blood cells) and
infection.

11.  C-reactive protein: It looks for this protein, which
is a sign of inflammation.
 Electrolyte panel: Your body might be low on
minerals like potassium if you have Crohn’s-
related diarrhea.
 Iron and B12 levels: These can be low if your
small intestine isn’t absorbing nutrients like it
should.

12.  Corticosteroids such as prednisone
 Immunosuppressants decrease the activity of the
immune system. azathioprine ( Azasan, Imuran),
cyclosporine,6-mercaptopurine (6MP,
Purinethol),tacrolimus (Prograf),Methotrexate

13.  Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections and
overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine; types
of antibiotics commonly prescribed
include:ampicillin (Omnipen) ,cephalosporins
 Antidiarrheal agents to stop diarrhea
 Fluid replacements to counteract dehydration
 Nutritional supplements to provide the nutrients that
may not be absorbing properly

14.  Surgery may also be required for complications
such as obstructions, fistulas, or abscesses
 scar tissue builds up, which can cause strictures,
which form when the intestines become too small to
allow excrement to pass through easily,

15.  Stricturoplasty: It is a surgical procedure
performed to alleviate bowel narrowing
due to scar tissue that has built up in the
intestinal wall from inflammatory bowel
conditions
 Anastomosis

16.  High-calorie, high-protein diet
 Small and frequent meal
 More amount of fluid and maintain intake and
output chart
 High fibres diet
 Avoid fatty and carbohydrate beverages