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Consistent hashing
1.
Consistent Hashing
2.
自己紹介 •韓国人 •江東区住み。生まれ&育ちは韓国大邱(テグ)。Notソウル
•83年生まれ •同年代の普通の日本人に比べて業界経験は短い •日本に来たのは2010年 •ソシャゲー業界は2011年後半から •フェースブック:https://www.facebook.com/jaeseop.jeong •良く聞かれる質問 ①日本語はどうやって勉強したの? →普通に勉強したよ。テキスト、日本語の授業、資格の勉強。日本のドラマをよ く見てた。日本に来てからほとんど見てない。ワンピースは欠かさずに見ている ②実際の銃、撃ったことあるの? →あるよ。パンパンしました
3.
Consistent Hashingって何?
4.
Consistent Hashingって何? •スロットの追加や削除に対して、最小限のキーのスロットへ
のマッピングの変更で、ハッシュテーブルの機能を提供する ことのできる特殊なハッシュ法。その他多くのハッシュテーブ ルでは、スロット数の変化はほぼすべてのキーが再マッピン グされるのに対して、コンシステントハッシュの場合、K を キーの数、n をスロット数とすると、平均 K / n 個のキーの再 マップですむ。分散システムの一形態である分散キャッシュ などで利用されている。
5.
6.
誰が考案したの? •MITでの分散キャッシュで使用するために、Karger氏によって 考案された。
•1997年の学術論文で、リクエストを分散する手段としてWeb サーバーの数を変化させる手法として、"consistent hashing" という言葉が導入された。
7.
2回目のリクエストは同じサーバーに向かないといけない 他のサーバーに向く場合は費用がかかってしまう
8.
10000回のリクエストが再配置される ↓ K/Nのリクエストが再配置される
9.
お馴染みのMemcachedで考えてみよう
10.
Ringがある…
11.
サーバーの追加
12.
Keyは時計が回る方向で近いサーバーに配置される n <
Key <= (n + 1) A < 1 <= B
13.
14.
15.
Bサーバーを撤去した
16.
1のみ再配置される 5、2、4、3はそのまま
17.
Bサーバーの復活 1はこれからBサーバーに配置される
18.
気を付けてほしいのがあるよ
19.
先ほどのサーバー状況
20.
再びBサーバーを撤去したら?
21.
疑問1
22.
Cサーバーを撤去したらどうなるの?
23.
予想図
24.
仮想ノードがある サーバー10台の場合は、仮想ノードを100~200にするのが理想的
25.
使用事例 •Memcached http://gihyo.jp/dev/feature/01/memcached/0004?page=3
•AmazonのDynamoDB http://aws.amazon.com/jp/dynamodb/ •DHT(Distributed Hash Table、分散ハッシュテーブル) http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%95%A3%E3%83% 8F%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB •BitTorrent http://niallohiggins.com/2007/12/24/bittorrent-distributed- hash-table-dht-or-trackerless-bittorrent-i/
26.
参考資料 https://charsyam.wordpress.com/2011/11/25/memcached- %EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98-consistent-hashing
27.
ご清聴ありがとうございます
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