Connect Bulletin

6
European Economic and Social Committee
The newsletter of the Association of Former Members of the EESC
22016

Dear friends,
As you are aware, at the start of each plenary session the president
of the Committee provides a brief report to his colleagues about the
missions he has carried out on the Committee’s behalf. During my re-
port at the October plenary session, I reflected upon something that
I would also like to share with you.
OurCommitteeisingreatdemandthroughoutEuropewhenitcomes
to participating in all kinds of important events and meetings with
leading figures at national and European level. I am pleased about
this as it means that people are talking about us, but also because
these events provide us with opportunities to showcase our role and
our opinions.
Yet wherever I go these days, I hear people saying that «Europe is not
doing well». In an official context I cannot respond as I might wish to;
however, when addressing the members and former members of our
Committee, I am free to express how I feel: I am «fed up», as it were,
with hearing people say that «Europe is not doing well.» We know
thisalready.Whatweneedisnottokeepmakingthisobservationbut
to ask ourselves the question that the Committee asks: «What can we
do to help Europe do better?»
Whatismore,weneedtoavoidpaintinganevenbleakerpicturethan
is actually the case. There are still some things that are better now
than they were as recently as 2010, never mind half a century ago.
From the moment our countries began to suffer the consequences of
the financial crisis imported from America, we were forced to realise
that it was a case of «every man for himself». I am tempted to add
«and the Devil take the hindmost». Despite this we have managed
to make a certain amount of progress since then: we have moved
on, at the level of heads of state and government – as well as deci-
sion-makers more generally – from this unofficial principle of «every
man for himself» to an approach that includes undeniable elements
of solidarity.
As for our Committee, it has continued to fulfil its role as an advisory
body representing organised civil society. However, in this regard I
must note the growing success of a new approach: surveys and the
internet, which are an attempt to set up a sort of «Athenian-style»
democracy in the European Union and the Member States.There is a
certainamountofconfusiononthepartofmanypeoplesurrounding
this concept, and I can speak more confidently about this because
I am myself Greek: Athenian democracy was arguably perfect for
male, free-born citizens of Athens. The rest were not given any say.
As for direct democracy via the internet, its proponents omit to men-
tion the fact that many people do not have the means, the desire,
the necessary information or the time to exercise this right, however
democratic it may be.
The Committee is not opposed either to surveys or to distance con-
sultations, whether carried out via the internet or otherwise, but
under no circumstances can these replace the collective voice of
citizens exercising their right of association within the organisations
and associations represented at the European Economic and Social
Committee.
It is not a question of looking after one’s own interests – not long from
now, I will myself be coming to visit the Committee from time to time
as a former member. The point I am trying to make is that we need to
defend a principle of collective expression that has enabled the whole
of Europe to move forward and make progress.
That said, I also believe that the former members of our Committee are
among those key European figures whose role could be vital if we are
to succeed in highlighting and spreading the word across a range of
contexts about the EU’s enormous achievements.
Georges Dassis, President of the EESC
Dear friends,
As our newsletter is a six-monthly review, its pur-
pose is not to cover current events, despite its
name. Nevertheless, important issues are always
topical, rooted as they are in the long term. This
enables us to take a more measured approach
to their analysis, with the added benefit of hind-
sight. I would therefore like to take advantage of
this editorial to address the three issues which have shaped the period:
Brexit, migration and CETA.
On 23 June 2016, the United Kingdom made the democratic decision
to leave the EU. While we regret this decision, we have no choice but
to accept it and deal with the consequences by developing appropriate
solutions to this unprecedented situation. The decision, albeit a harmful
one, represents a chance to redefine and revive a more integrated EU
policy, until now held back by particularist nations, a notable example
being the UK, and by permanent obstacles affecting policies designed to
strengthen the EU as well as sensitive issues relating to economic and so-
cial development. These permanent obstructions and diktats have stood
in for real policy for so long and to such an extent that we should now
feel entitled to ask ourselves what the purpose of the UK’s membership
of the EU is.
We need only look to the past for proof: from the Messina conference
in 1955, to the UK’s accession in 1973, and finally to Brexit, the country’s
membership of the EU has been peppered with events which clearly
demonstrate its constant readiness to stall or block any development
which could contribute to the strengthening of the EU. Of course, the
UK does not bear sole responsibility for the feeling of disillusionment
which has gradually spread among Europe’s citizens. In holding back
EU prerogatives, however, the UK has paved the way for all those who
were and are in favour of a free interpretation and application of the
Treaties.
We cannot help but regret this decision, which will pit us against each
other on a great many issues and distance us from many friends who
were truly committed to the European project. That said, we will not be
estranged from our colleagues at the Former Members Association, who
are and always will be our friends, for as long as the association continues
to meet, build bridges, stay in contact, and benefit from the experience
and expertise of each of its members.
The path to Brexit will be arduous, and the UK will likely attempt to ob-
tain an agreement in which it will retain the same prerogatives as before
and thus be both in and out of the EU, enjoying the advantages of the
Message from
the President of
the EESC
Editorial by the AFM President
THE NEWSLETTER of the Association of Former Members of the EESC2

Dear AFM members,
At the Bureau meeting of 20 September I had the pleasure of pre-
senting the 2016 annual report on the Committee Secretariat’s hu-
man resources. I would like to take the opportunity to talk about this
here because the staff policy is intrinsically linked to the Committee’s
political endeavours to adapt to the current challenges of the EU and
thus demonstrate its role as the voice of civil society in interinstitu-
tional dialogue and in building a Europe that is close to its citizens.
Recent years have been marked by the need to do more with less
resources, following the budgetary authority’s request to cut 5% of
posts in the period 2013-2017. In terms of staff policy this has, of
course, led to a redefinition of the institution’s requirements, taking
into account the complex political challenges facing Europe.
A passage from the introduction to the annual report seems to me
particularlyrelevanttotheactivityoftheAssociationofFormerMem-
bers: “Our institution is facing the challenges of an ever-changing and
sometimes uncertain environment, which is incompatible with a fixed
organisation chart. For this reason, I have encouraged from the begin-
ningofmymandatetheuseofcross-disciplinaryprojectteamsandtask
forces.Theyhavebeensuccessfulintakingapracticalapproachtoswift-
ly tackling objectives. ... I believe that cooperation is the key to tearing
down silos and profiting from synergies, particularly in an environment
of 0% growth.”
This same spirit of openness and mutual goodwill is also a feature
of the cooperation between the Committee and the AFM. Your as-
sociation now has around 240 members, who continue through
this membership to display interest in the institutional role and the
achievements of the Committee.That is a source of pride for all of us,
both members and staff.
Averylargenumberofformermembers,athirdofwhomhavejoined
the AFM since the end of the EESC’s fourteenth term of office, con-
tinue to hold positions in political and professional organisations
after their time at the Committee has come to an end. That means
that they can use their experience and understanding of the EESC’s
role and operation to raise the profile of the institution and its goals.
Cooperation between the EESC and the AFM is already extremely
positive, but at several levels there is a willingness to explore the
possibilities for greater involvement of the AFM in certain activities of
the EESC. This is a political choice on which a discussion has already
been launched, particularly among the Quaestors. The Secretariat is,
of course, ready to act on the results of this discussion.
I look forward to keeping you informed of the work carried out and
of the results of the review of the Committee’s working methods. In
the meantime, let me thank you once again for your commitment
and dedication to the Committee. Please accept my best wishes, and
those of all the staff, for the approaching festive season.
Luis Planas, Secretary General of the EESC
IN THIS ISSUE
BERLAYMONT & Co.:
Interview with the Permanent Representative of Malta........6
Discussion with Jean-Claude Juncker: Not enough union in
the Union?..........................................................................................9
JDE INSIDER:
New EU standardisation strategy..............................................12
A new, bottom-up Europe...........................................................13
Europe 2020: for an Inclusive Growth.....................................14
The Wood of Memories: Marcinelle beyond the tragedy....15
The problems facing the EU and the role of the EESC..........18
FORUM AAM:
José Maria Espuny Moyano on the EESC.................................19
Brexit seen from Oxford...............................................................20
JET: A visit to a possible future – stellar energy.....................24
RAVENSTEIN MEMORIES:
18 March 1982: the ESC delegation at the Elysee.................28
single market without being subject to its restrictions and responsibili-
ties. Whatever the case may be, we will have to seek out common path-
ways based on clear principles, all in an entirely new context, without
antagonising each other, but also without making any concessions.
We are not at war; rather, we are undergoing a kind of divorce. Despite
uncertainties over the future, we will endeavour to find common ground
and make an effort to foster collaboration in specific areas. That is un-
less... Donald Trump bolsters the UK’s isolationist policy when he takes
up the US presidency, which the White House may see as an opportunity
to weaken us.
Our role as members of the Union is to turn the situation into a posi-
tive, starting from the knowledge that we can approach our project via
a series of concentric circles. The time has come to kickstart the euro
zone with a view to consolidating the European project in the spirit of
the founding fathers – Schuman, Monnet, Adenauer, De Gasperi, Spaak,
Bech, Mansholt, among others – and Jacques Delors, who revived our
project. We are duty-bound to rally together and gather our strength in
order to survive and gain influence in this rapidly changing word.
Migration cannot be dismissed as speculation: it is here to stay and is
already throwing up considerable challenges. The solutions we may or
may not find will shape our future. Let us be rational and begin by analys-
ing future events so as to start developing appropriate and humanitarian
solutions to this critical situation, which is likely to deteriorate, bringing
with it a great many harmful consequences for all those concerned. We
To be continued in page 4
Message from the
Secretary General
of the EESC
3

4
are now paying the price for our lack of for-
ward-thinking and our failure to plan for chang-
es which have been taking place for decades.
We either failed to see or turned a blind eye to
the consequences of globalisation, decolonisa-
tion, the fall of the Berlin wall, and the religious
and revolutionary insanity which has thrust mil-
lions of human beings into chaos and poverty.
What can I say about the Member States that
not only rejected Commission proposals for
welcoming migrants in May 2015, but also
took the decision to close their borders, having
already taken coercive measures, leaving coun-
tries such as Italy and Greece to face this critical
situation alone. Even more shocking is the fact
that these decisions were taken by countries
which have benefited from European and in-
ternational solidarity in the past, and still do so
today. I am aware that my remarks are contro-
versial and will provoke strong reactions, but I
am willing to take responsibility for them.
The agreement withTurkey is both shocking and unacceptable, as it does
not go beyond preventing refugees from crossing the border, a decision
that exacerbates the notion that current developments lack any long-
term agenda. It is a risk-averse move on the part of Europe, which gives
the impression that we have abandoned our humanitarian mission. Un-
less we commit more fully to Europe’s values, our image and credibility
in the world will deteriorate. How can we expect to have any influence
during the international negotiations to come?
Influence and standing cannot be measured by economic or military
power alone; they are dependent on what we can contribute in terms
of freedom, justice, social cohesion and solidarity. We are now witness-
ing the reinvention of exclusionary identity politics, bolstered by the ex-
ploitation of prejudice and fear, a fear which has become the most useful
and effective political tool for extremists of all descriptions.
Against this background, we must be bold and fearless, stop dithering,
call a spade a spade, and overcome our existential crisis. The question is:
can we live together?The answer will determine our future.The Member
States can survive the emergence of populist parties founding them-
selves on exclusionary communities. The Union itself cannot. Europe
owes it to itself to once again set the standard for all other continents,
developing policies the primary concern of which is the wellbeing of the
human race.
Amid this suffering, after seven years of fierce negotiations and resist-
ance from one small Gallic village in Wallonia, the Member States are
now readying themselves to ratify CETA. Even though CETA is likely to
be implemented quickly, this is just the beginning of a process with an
uncertain outcome.
The President of the Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, in whom we have
every confidence, believes it to be a sound agreement. Let us put our
trust in him. However, trust does not mean failing to ask questions or to
request the clarifications that we need to alleviate our concerns, espe-
cially because, as far as I am concerned, not one of these questions has
received a satisfactory response.
My reservations are the result of the ‘secret’ nature of the negotiations
and the fact that CETA’s primary focus appeared to be on lifting customs
duties, as though this agreement did not have a much broader impact on
economic, industrial and social policy.To make a judgement or formulate
an opinion based on a serious analysis, we must have access to all the
information we require. With this in mind, while keeping an open mind,
we are therefore within our rights to ask for clarifications and assurances
with regard to the preservation of our values and to anything relating to
freedoms, the economy and, more specifically, society.
This is especially true because, in the current climate, the agreement is
by no means neutral or isolated; it forms part of a global negotiating
process.We must consider the agreement in context if we are to fully un-
derstand the issues at stake.Whether we like it or not, CETA foreshadows
TAFTA, an agreement whose substance and opaque negotiations are a
particular cause for concern. If we are not careful, should negotiations
fail, CETA could become the Trojan Horse of American trade goals. Don-
ald Trump’s self-interested policies are far from reassuring.
Another issue to consider, by no means the least important, is the EU’s
negotiating power, bearing in mind that Canada is a state and the EU a
collection of states, whose specific interests leave very little leeway for
identifying common and converging positions. Given the readiness of
some Member States to interpret agreements, and even treaties, accord-
ing to their national interests, we certainly have reason to be worried...
Unless, that is, we seize the opportunity created by this agreement and
future agreements to raise awareness of the pressing need to come to-
gether as one within a more integrated Europe, so as to succeed at last
in developing common policies and instil hope for the future once more.
Roger Briesch, President of the AFM
THE NEWSLETTER of the Association of Former Members of the EESC

5
THE MALTESE PRESIDENCY
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
During its presidency of the European Council, Malta will be putting se-
curity and the fight against terrorism high on its agenda and, in this
context, will be doing its utmost to boost the Euromed Process.
Education, energy, poverty and social inclusion are also elements
which will form part of the agenda during the Maltese presidency. In par-
ticular, it will be focusing on the kind of education that leads to high-qual-
ity and decent jobs as a tool to fight precarious employment and poverty.
Another important element of the presidency programme is Single Mar-
ket legislation, including the Digital Single Market, the energy union
and the capital markets union. Beyond this, the exploratory opinions re-
quested of the EESC by the presidency will deal with nautical and maritime
tourism diversification strategies, with a strong accent on sustainability,
and the inclusive territory issue of islands in the EU.
In line with its priorities, the Maltese presidency has focused its request for
the EESC exploratory opinions on the following subjects:
• Innovative strategies for the development of a more competitive en-
vironment in Europe with a particular focus on the Mediterranean Re-
gion: Nautical and maritime tourism diversification strategies;
• Upscaling skills of people in the labour market;
• High quality education for all;
• Islands in the EU: from structural handicap to inclusive territory.
Malta’s priorities will be presented by the Parliamentary Secretary for Euro-
pean Affairs, Dr Ian Borg, at the EESC plenary on 25 January 2017.
Janine Borg (INT)
QUICK FACT SHEET:
• This will be Malta’s first-ever presidency of the Council of the EU
• Dates: 1 January 2017 – 30 June 2017
• Previous EU presidency: Slovakia (1 July 2016 – 31 December 2016)
• Subsequent EU presidency: Estonia (1 July 2017 – 31 December 2017)
• Maltese government plenipotentiary:
Marlene Bonnici, Permanent Representative of Malta to the EU.
The Maltese Presidency of the Council of the EU:
Aims and objectives
BERLAYMONT & CO
THE MALTESE PRESIDENCY IN THE EESC
22 February 2017
Opening of Exhibition – Textures of memory
by Joseph P Smith
21 March 2017
European Consumer Day (Malta)
23-24 March 2017
Group III meeting in Malta
11-12 May 2017
Group II meeting in Malta
11-12 May 2017
Group I meeting in Malta
31 May 2017
Maltese evening and opening of exhibition – Regnum
by Kris Micallef
8–9 June 2017
Annual meeting of presidents and secretaries-general
of EU ESC and the EESC
5 July 2017
EESC plenary: presentation of the results of the Maltese
presidency

BERLAYMONT & CO
«OUR CITIZENS DESERVE MORE»
Interview with Ambassador Marlene Bonnici, Permanent
Representative of Malta to the EU
Malta takes up the presidency of the EU Coun-
cil at a particularly difficult time for Europe
and its citizens. This is reflected in the priori-
ties chosen by the Maltese government for its
six-month tenure at the helm of the Council.
Couldyoutellusmoreaboutthemainstrands
of your future actions?
It is clear that many of the challenges facing the
EU relate to disillusionment amongst citizens
with the European project.This is partly because
many take the freedoms and benefits of the EU
for granted, but also because there is a percep-
tion amongst citizens that the EU has moved
away from the issues which impact their day-to-
day lives. The political focus in Brussels is often
on macro issues which citizens cannot relate to
or, at the other extreme, which citizens perceive
to be too intrusive and therefore should not
even be within the EU’s competence.
Malta’s upcoming presidency of the Council of the EU will strive to make
its work more relevant to citizens. This approach has a two-pronged chal-
lenge. The first is to seek to focus on legislation and policies which peo-
ple deem important, and in this respect we are very-much on the same
wavelengthastheEuropeanCommission.Ourfocuswillbeonareaswhere
people are expecting action at an EU level, such as security and migration.
At the same time, we will also try to make as much progress as possible
in those areas which bring direct benefits to and/or address concerns of
European citizens and businesses, such as the Single Market, including
the Capital Markets Union, the Digital Single Market and various initiatives
on internal security. Amongst examples of specific files is the proposal on
rules governing the upcoming elimination of mobile roaming fees within
the EU, the proposal concerning the elimination of geo-blocking within
the EU, as well as a proposal to improve border control by electronically
registering the entry and exit of non-EU nationals in the Schengen area.
The EESC is an indispensable
actor within the EU’s
architecture as it acts as a
bridge between civil society
and the legislative institutions.
The second challenge is to draw citizens closer to the debates taking place
in Brussels. Certain highly politicised files are inevitably distant from peo-
ple’s everyday concerns. One cannot be surprised that many citizens have
little interest in files such as the Review of the Capital Requirements Direc-
tive and Regulation or trade defence mechanisms. However, these propos-
als ultimately do impact their lives in a very real manner. Here, the Maltese
presidency is committed to communicating the ways in which even these
more technical files are important for citizens – how they have tangible
effects on their lives.
In this respect, what potential role do you see for the EESC, as the EU
institution representing organised civil society? How, in your view, can
the EESC contribute to your efforts?
The EESC is an indispensable actor within the EU’s architecture as it acts as
a bridge between civil society and the legislative institutions. As a primary
representativeoftheconcernsandambitionsofarangeofsocio-economic
interests in the EU, the EESC’s important role cannot be underestimated.
The Maltese presidency is well aware of this and understands the role the
EESC can play in reconnecting the EU with its citizens.
I am very happy that we have worked in close collaboration with the EESC
in the lead-up to our presidency over the past months. In understanding
the importance of the perspectives represented by the Committee, we
have submitted a request for several exploratory opinions, all on impor-
tant themes which are priorities for our presidency in bridging the gap be-
tween the EU and citizens. Furthermore, we are looking forward to several
meetings that will take place in Malta over our term.
6 THE NEWSLETTER of the Association of Former Members of the EESC

BERLAYMONT & CO
The problems which Europe is currently facing are complex and will
taketimetoworkthrough.Nevertheless,whatresultswouldyouliketo
achieve in order to consider your presidency a success?
While the specific legislative expectations will be set out in our Presidency
Programme, which will be circulated in the coming weeks, the underlying
goal is to have results which prioritise quality over quantity.
For Malta, a successful presidency will be one where the results of the EU’s
legislative procedures – both within Council and following trialogues – are
ambitious and relevant.We do not want useless watered-down legislation
simply so that we can tick-off a checklist of «completed» files. Our citizens
deserve more.
In addition to the legislative strand, there is also the ongoing political de-
bate on the future of the European project. The success of this debate is
of utmost importance if we are to recalibrate the EU. The recent Bratislava
Summit was a starting point in this process, and we will be doing our part
in building on the momentum during the Malta summit on 3 February
2017. The 60th anniversary event in Rome in March 2017 will then be an
opportunity to re-launch the European project. In this context, if the EU
hasaclearervisionas tothe future directionofthe Europeanprojectbythe
end of our presidency, I would consider it a valuable success.
As one of the three European countries which are part of the Common-
wealth, Malta naturally enjoys special relations with the United King-
dom. Could we ask for a comment on the outcome and possible after-
math of the British referendum of 23 June?
Malta indeed has a very good relationship with the United Kingdom, for
both historic and cultural reasons.We are also a country with a strong pro-
EU perspective, and we are committed to our EU partners, our European
values and the European project in general.
WhilewewantafairagreementwiththeUnitedKingdom,andwhileMalta
will certainly retain its friendly and close relations with London, there is
broad agreement at this stage that any resulting relationship will need to
be less beneficial than EU membership.
Domenico Cosmai (GRE)
Janine Borg (INT) and Lucas Morgenstern contributed to this article
LARGEST
CITY
Birkirkara
HIGHEST
POINT
Ta' Dmejrek
(253 m)
316
km2
TIME ZONE
UTC +1
CAPITAL
Valetta
Euro
CURRENCY
445.426
OFFICIAL
LANGUAGES
Maltese
English
Sign language
©Shutterstock:pavalena©Shutterstock:A7880S
7

BERLAYMONT & CO
MALTA: MY COUNTRY, MY PASSION...
Two Maltese colleagues advise us
• Swimming at one of the beautiful beaches and valleys such as
Għajn Tuffieħa or Wied iż-Żurrieq.
• Walking along the Sanap cliffs in Gozo, from Munxar to Xlendi.
• Some good food, such as rabbit, fresh fish, «ħobża biż-żejt
bil-ġbejniet» (bread dipped in olive oil with small round chees-
es), «pastizzi» (savoury pastries) and «ftira Għawdxija» (pizza
from Gozo).
• A trip to Gozo, visiting the Citadel, the «Azure Window» at Dwe-
jra, Xlendi and the Xwejni salt pans.
• Going to a village feast with family and friends and enjoying a
fireworks display.
Alex Abdilla (Dir A)
• Visiting the city of Valletta when the city is still asleep. to discov-
er the steps opposite the Mediterranean Conference Centre that
lead to the coastline.
• Malta during April and May. A walk past fields burgeoning with
life, past the age-old Ħaġar Qim and Mnajdra Neolithic temples,
the Blue Grotto, and the sight of the island of Filfla.
• Swimming in Mġiebaħ Bay in the north of Malta. The island of
Comino holds a special place in my heart. I recommend a day
trip in Spring, away from the Summer crowds. I would suggest
no music accompany you...
• Oh! The food... Crusty bread, dense olive oil, obscenely ripe to-
matoes, fish and shellfish, peppered cheeselets, date fritters...
I crave dead men’s bones or the «għadam tal-mejtin» in Maltese!
Bla Isem (Joint Services)
1. Kemmunet | 2. Sanap cliffs | 3. St. Mary Magdalen Chapel, Dingli |
4.Wied iż-Żurrieq
8
1
2
3
4

Juncker stressed that those who did not participate in the allocation of
refugees should do more to help secure the external borders. He pointed
out that the Commission had already issued proposals on improving se-
curity on 15 December 2015, but that the Parliament and the Council had
taken seven months to reach an agreement on this. Moreover, the Com-
mission had proposed a system for protecting the external borders as
early as 2007. However, this had been rejected on the grounds that it had
exceeded its competences in this area. Now everyone was demanding
better protection of the external borders and the system for improving
border security was being put in place nine years late.
The Commission intended to set up its own investment plan in view of
the large number of refugees coming from Africa. However, this would
also require the involvement of the Member States, which was far from
guaranteed. If they agreed, EUR 88 billion was due to be invested in Af-
rica, on the basis that «if Europe doesn’t invest in Africa, Africa will come
to Europe».
Whilst statements from the other participants showed that there was
a consensus on the need for immediate measures to maintain the Un-
ion, the diverging standpoints and priorities quickly became apparent.
Whilst the employers’representatives wanted to see the closest possible
economic links with the United Kingdom post-Brexit, and emphasised
that it was businesses, not the state, that created jobs, the employees’
representatives focused on the need for higher wages across the board
and on the social pillar of the Union. On the other hand, the employers
noted that Europe already had the most highly developed social security
systems in the world. Markus Beyer was particularly critical of the lack
of investment in the digital single market. The employers in particular
also pointed out that Europe needed more entrepreneurship and more
private and public investment.
Whenfacedwithmajorproblemsyoushould
consult someone with experience and a
sympathetic ear. This applies not only to
everyday life but also to high-level politics.
Given that the European Union is currently
facing its greatest challenges since its estab-
lishment, the president of the Commission,
Jean-Claude Juncker, at the 519th EESC ple-
nary session, held a discussion with Markus
Beyrer, secretary-general of BusinessEurope,
Luca Visentini, secretary-general of the Eu-
ropean Trade Union Confederation (ETUC),
Conny Reuter, vice-president of SOLIDAR
and the presidents of the groups and other
members.
Juncker began his speech by stating that,
despite the lack of unity in Europe, it was im-
portant not to forget the successes of recent
years.
He pointed out that since 2013 8 million jobs had been created and that
the employment rate in the European Union currently stood at exactly
the same level as in the United States, although the rate 5 years ago had
been 5% below that of the USA. The financial situation in the Union had
also improved. Here Juncker stressed that he had not turned the Stabili-
ty Pact into a Flexibility Pact. However, the current interpretation meant
that it was possible to respond better to macro-economic and cyclical
changes. He went on to add that in 2009 the average budget deficit in the
EU had been 6.3% but that an average of 1.9% had since been reached,
which testified to the consolidation of public finances in the Union.
As the rate of investment was still 15% below the pre-crisis level of 2007,
the European Fund for Strategic Investments had been set up. With total
resources of EUR 21 billion and a multiplication factor of 1:15, the fund
was intended to mobilise a total of EUR 315 billion over two years. This
was set to increase to as much as EUR 500 billion by 2020. The plan was
working.
One project in this connection was to develop a digital economy and a
digital single market.While there were doubts about the feasibility of the
5G for Europe Action Plan, Juncker pointed out that the project had the
potential to create 1.3 million jobs. In addition, if universal free Wi-Fi for
all EU citizens were to be in place by 2025, this would mean an additional
2 million jobs.
Juncker devoted a large part of his speech to refugees. He commended
Greece and Italy for their rescue efforts in the Mediterranean, stressing
in particular Italy’s commitment to providing those rescued with food
and shelter. However, the Commission president criticised the countries
that had refused to take in Muslim refugees on the grounds that they
were «Catholic» countries, stating that refugees were first and foremost
people and that religion was only a secondary factor.
BERLAYMONT & CO
NOT ENOUGH UNION IN THE UNION?
discussion with Jean-Claude Juncker
at the 519th EESC plenary session
9

BERLAYMONT & CO
10
Finally, Jean-Claude Juncker took the floor once again, arguing strongly
in favour of free trade and stating that every billion euros in trade con-
ducted under negotiated trade agreements ultimately meant 6 000 new
jobs. Moreover, agreements of this type had already been concluded
with 140 states. This was also important for the future of the continent
as it was the smallest continent in the world and would have only 4% of
the global population by the end of the century. While Europe’s share
of global GDP was currently 25%, in the future it would only be about
15%. Free trade was therefore also important in order to maintain our
standard of living.
Furthermore, Europe had to be a partner that others could rely on, he
said. This applied, for example, to trade agreements, but also to climate
agreements. If Europe did not sign negotiated agreements, it would lose
credibility and expose itself to ridicule, which would have a serious im-
pact on its ability to act on the international stage.
It is up to the individual to decide whether or not to act on advice re-
ceived.The discussion with Jean-Claude Juncker was enlightening, but it
is up to him to decide which pieces of advice will form part of the solu-
tion to the present problems.
Lucas Morgenstern (GRE)
Everyone is now talking about Brexit, and not all that long ago
people were worrying that Greece might leave the EMU. And yet
there has already been an exit from the EU. Back in 1985 Green-
land left the then European Economic Community (EEC).What hap-
pened?
Greenland’s economy is mainly based on fishing. As a non-auton-
omous territory of Denmark, the island joined the EEC in 1973 in
the first enlargement. But the rules of the time allowed Greenland’s
waters to be over-fished, leading to increasing rejection of EEC
membership. When, in 1979, the Greenlanders won autonomous
status within Denmark, a referendum on whether to remain in the
EEC was the next step, and it took place in 1982. By a majority of
53% the Greenlanders voted to leave, which happened on 1 Feb-
ruary 1985.
But despite Greenland’s exit, close links remained. Greenland be-
came an associated overseas territory, and development and co-
operation agreements were signed with the Union. The territory’s
strategically important position during the Cold War was a factor
in this.
To what extent can this be compared with the United Kingdom’s
exit? At first sight, the parallels seem slight - mainly the fact that
they are both islands. Economically they are poles apart: an island
of 56 000 inhabitants that lives mainly from fishing is very different
from an island with the sixth largest economy in the world and a
population of 64 500 000. But, despite these differences, the figures
are revealing. Greenland’s exit negotiations took three years and
required more than 100 meetings with EEC representatives. Even
if we accept that the negotiations with Greenland were not given
the same priority as Brexit, it is safe to assume that the Brexit nego-
tiations are likely to take considerably longer. The two-year period
allowed is likely to be too short. Moreover, neither side can afford
separation in the area of security policy, if their people are to be
protected against internal and external threats. Here too, the links
are too close for a separation. So, although the major differences
mean that the “Grøxit” cannot be taken as a blueprint for Brexit, it
does give some clues as to what we should expect of the negotia-
tions.
Grøxit - the Greenland
model for the United
Kingdom
A year ago I said there was
not enough union in Europe
and not enough union in the
Union.

11
European cities often ring with the familiar sound of voices chanting texts
displayed on banners and placards. They sometimes bear the slogan:
«I have a vote, but I don’t have a voice». Even when unwritten, this slogan
comes across as a political grievance.
Why do people feel they have no voice? A closer look at the political sys-
tems of the countries of Europe might reveal that it is not that the voice
has been lost, but that the channels for conveying it have been weakened.
Those channels hark back to more leisurely eras that are out of step with
the new global 5G pace.
Today’s world is dif-
ferent: the econom-
ic and political fabric
has changed, but
we are still left with
the faded apparel
of states that were
once all-powerful. I
donotsaythiswitha
feeling of nostalgia.
My point is simply
that the disjunct be-
tween the need to
address new, global
challenges and the
sluggishness of tra-
ditional structures is
creating intractable
problems.
Three decades ago,
Albert O. Hirschman,
an American econo-
mist, analysed the dilemmas we face in terms of two concepts: exit and
voice. In his view when citizens have no exit route, they demand to be
involved in shaping the space that they cannot leave – and where they
are prevented yet again from speaking out, they will seek deliverance by
heading for the exit.
The grievance remains the same: «I have a vote, but I don’t have a voice».
How can we strengthen our democratic voice? Perhaps instead of trying
to turn up the volume, it would be smarter to develop a new type of voice.
And this new type of voice is in fact emerging today, the voice of those
who, while acknowledging the impasse, do not give in to fatalism. Rath-
er, they devise innovative policy instruments, call for transparency and
accountability, and shift the emphasis from traditional political centres to
social networks. Precisely because they do not only occupy the traditional
political terrain, such voices are often described as «a-political».
DIALOGUES WITH THE CIVIL SOCIETY
While they may venture forth to take part in traditional democratic forums,
the proponents of these new approaches choose to remain in the civil
society sphere. It is not their intention to upstage democratic traditions
with their open-source tools. Instead, these ideas fill the gap created by
the continued prevalence of a single, monolithic democratic model; they
enrich our political imagination; and they offer flexible solutions to global
problems that cannot be addressed solely through the essential but often
cumbersome procedures of traditional political institutions. We have wit-
nessed how these «glocal» initiatives contribute to addressing the current
problems in Europe, by tackling refugee flows, withstanding the economic
crisis and managing
environmental chal-
lenges, the most
pressing issue facing
the human race.
The EESC’s biggest
contribution is the
recognition and
support it offers
to these new ap-
proaches, through
formal dialogue
with the voices of
civil society, whilst
the biggest contri-
bution of the CSS
is to quietly create
an environment in
which civil society
can flourish. It is in
this environment
that the members
of the liaison group,
representing European civil society, are stepping up their activities. Our
next step will be to set up aTwitter account to present our work to a broad-
er public, informing friends and sceptics alike about our activities and the
benefits of participatory democracy. Stay tuned!
NikolaosVrantsis (REL)
©Shutterstock:Rawpixel.com
JDE INSIDER
How can we strengthen
our democratic voice?

12
JDE INSIDER
Towards the launch of
a new EU standardisation strategy
At the October plenary session, Opinion INT/794 on a new vision for a 21st
century technical standardisation policy was adopted – rapporteur, An-
tonello Pezzini, – expert, Giannino Bernabei.
The role of technical standardisation is of paramount importance
for the operation of the single market and for international com-
petitiveness. It is the ideal strategic tool for safeguarding the quality,
performance, functionality and safety of goods and services, the inter-
operability of networks and systems, high levels of business, worker,
consumer and environmental protection, and greater innovation and
social inclusion.
The Commission has proposed to develop this instrument with a new
vision for an efficient European standardisation system (ESS) that can
adapt to changing circumstances, support EU policy and bring benefits
for businesses, consumers and workers within the single market strate-
gy, which also includes a joint initiative on standardisation.
The Committee has always supported the key role of technical stan-
dardisation in the functioning of the internal market and for interna-
tional competitiveness, ensuring the quality of goods and services and
high levels of protection and innovation.
The Committee firmly believes that this requires a high-quality, quick,
effective, participatory process carried out on the basis of shared strat-
egies that shorten the time scales involved.
The Commission initiated a comprehensive review of the system as
early as June 2011, putting forward a «2011 standardisation» package
which aimed to simplify and adapt the legal framework to reflect re-
cent developments and future challenges for European standardisa-
tion. This package was based on five strategic objectives: 1.) speed and
timeliness; 2.) supporting the competitiveness of businesses on the
internal market; 3) supporting EU legislation and policies; 4) inclusive-
ness; 5) supporting the global competitiveness of businesses.
What went wrong, if, five years on, this exercise needs to be repeated?
The 2015 independent report published on 20 May 2016 identified sev-
eral areas for improvement:
- further improvements must be made to speed up the production of
standards;
- sluggish responses to specific needs, without using other regulatory
instruments such as: ENs, hENs, CWA, TS;
- lack of alignment between ESO and Commission processes from the
earliest stages in the process;
- gaps and obstacles to active stakeholder participation (SMEs, con-
sumers, etc.);
- significant differences in the working methods of the different play-
ers involved in the ESS (Commission, ESOs, NSBs);
- governance difficulties and a complex bureaucratic system with poor
forward-planning capabilities;
- lack of transparency, access difficulties and lack of communication;
- absence of an integrated information system and a single database;
- weak synergies between the ESS and the pre- and co-legislative sys-
tems within the R&I framework programme;
- poor dissemination of standards and assistance for weaker players to
apply them (SMEs, etc.);
- lack of support for an education policy on technical standards;
- discrepancies between rules on patents and technical standards;
- a lack of systems for monitoring regulatory processes;
- a lack of proactive, international strategies and policies;
- insufficient development of partnerships with technological plat-
forms and of standardisation.
The Committee agrees that there is an urgent need to modernise the
European standardisation system (ESS), something which has been un-
der discussion for more than five years. There is also a need for a new,
shared vision accompanied by tangible measures to address global
standardisation challenges, still on a voluntary basis.
However, the Committee is concerned by the absence of:
- financing earmarked for activities to be carried out;
- sturdy and innovative architecture for aligning priorities.
In its role as the «home of civil society», the EESC calls, in its opinion,
for the transparency and inclusiveness of the ESS to be increased and
for businesses, workers and consumers to play a proactive role in steer-
ing, applying and disseminating standards and supporting a culture of
standardisation.

13
JDE INSIDER
The EESC welcomes the launch of the Joint Initiative on Standardisa-
tion (JIS) bringing together public and private ESS partners, but calls
for it to become a joint public-private partnership initiative under Hori-
zon 2020, alongside existing initiatives such as the European Metrolo-
gy Research Programme (EPMIR).
The EESC also calls for a better governance system for coordinating
action strategies alongside the current technical committee for stan-
dardisation, enhanced interinstitutional dialogue, the launch of devel-
opment activities and a genuine European culture of standardisation,
from basic education to policymakers and negotiators of international
agreements.
Finally, the EESC stresses that a truly innovative European standardisa-
tion policy should, primarily, seek customer satisfaction among indi-
viduals, businesses and workers and, by taking a balanced and flexible
approach that reconciles standardisation and creativity, should achieve
high levels of safety, quality and efficiency, as well as job creation and
increased international competitiveness.
Giannino Bernabei (AFM)
A new,
bottom-up Europe
ECI DAY 2016
Give the European Citizens’ Initiative fresh impetus to counter
the crisis of confidence which has hit the EU, strengthen-
ing active citizenship and participatory democracy. This was the
message sent out by the EESC with the SC/043 Opinion on The
European Citizens’Initiative (review) - rapporteur Antonio Longo,
Group III - which was adopted at the plenary session on 13 July
2016.
The opinion takes stock of the ECI four years on from its intro-
duction under Regulation (EU) 211/2011. Commission data reveal
that to date more than 6 million Europeans have signed an ECI.
Of the 56 initiatives submitted, only 36 were registered by the
Commission, of which only 3 collected over 1 million signatures
(the number of signatories required for a legislative process to be
launched). However, the Commission did not see fit to follow up
on any of the successful initiatives.
Overall, the significant technical, legal and bureaucratic difficul-
ties encountered by promoters and the limited legislative impact
of successful initiatives have undermined the credibility of the
ECI. This is illustrated by the dramatic decline in initiatives reg-
istered (from 16 in 2012 to 5 in 2015) and statements of support
(from over 5 million in 2012 to a few thousand in 2015).
This situation has given rise to a dispute in which the European in-
stitutions have split into two opposing factions: on the one hand,
the Commission and the Council, who want to keep the ECI in its
current form, at most making small technical adjustments; and
on the other, the European Parliament, the European Ombuds-
man, the EESC and the CoR, who have called for a review of the di-
rective to be launched to make it more user-friendly and effective,
with due regard for the Commission’s right of legislative initiative.
Certainly, the point on which all the institutional players involved
currently agree is that, despite achieving some positive results,
the ECI is still far from reaching its full potential in terms of policy
proposals and enabling Europeans to participate actively.
The EESC opinion was intended to contribute to the debate, de-
veloping a set of technical and political proposals that involve
of necessity a review of the current regulation. In particular, the
opinion called for:
- citizens’ committees to be allowed to begin collecting state-
ments of support on the date of their choice;
- legal recognition to be accorded to citizens’committees so as to
limit the criminal liability of organisers with regard to fraud and
serious negligence;
- a bricks-and-mortar and online one-stop-shop to be set up
where Europeans can obtain information and be steered
through the process of presenting initiatives;
- the proposals to lower the minimum age for supporting and
taking part in an ECI to be discussed, as requested by the Parlia-
ment and the Committee of the Regions;
- the clear conflict of interest within the Commission to be re-
solved by separating the roles of institutional mentor and judge.
With this goal in mind, the EESC reiterated that it is willing to
continue to support initiatives already under way and could be
a natural candidate for the role of facilitator and institutional
mentor;
- appropriate follow-up to be guaranteed for successful initia-
tives: for the Commission to prepare a legislative proposal with-
in 12 months of the end of the campaign or supply appropriate
justification for the decision not to present a proposal.

JDE INSIDER
14
Europe 2020:
Can Inclusive Growth Avoid
a Lost Generation?
Europe has slowly emerged from the international economic and
fiscal crisis of 2008 yet it remains clear that more time is needed
to comprehensively address the problem of youth unemployment.
Launched against the backdrop of the fiscal crisis in 2010, the Europe
2020 Strategy set out to develop a more balanced and sustainable ap-
proach for future policymaking - designed to address the social and
economic disparities that have arisen as a result of the crisis. Europe
2020 has been a cornerstone in EU policymaking as, for the first time,
social objectives formed key parts of a long-term growth strategy.
The strategy aims to ensure three types of growth areas for Europe;
smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The Europe 2020 objectives
contain specific initiatives and flagship programmes designed to stra-
tegically address problems such as unemployment and youth unem-
ployment in particular. The Agenda for New Skills and Jobs formed part
of the Inclusive Growth objectives aimed at tackling the unemploy-
ment crisis.
Most worryingly, youth unemployment rates are generally double or
more than double that of the general unemployment rates for all ages
across the EU-28. According to the latest Eurostat figures there are
4.197 million unemployed young people in the EU-28. Rates of youth
As regards some problems which could be resolved without re-
viewing the regulation, the EESC called for these to be tackled
rapidly to make the instrument more effective and user friendly.
In particular, the EESC proposed:
- making the registration process more transparent, with the
adoption of clear and straightforward procedures, and enabling
proposals declared inadmissible to be amended and presented
again;
- harmonising the national standards laid down for the collection
of data, limiting requests for personal identification documents
and enabling all Europeans to sign the initiatives from their
countries of residence;
- establishing the free on-line collection system (OCS) used to
collect statements of support on a permanent basis, making it
available to people with disabilities;
- providing the public with more information and raising aware-
ness through greater commitment by the Commission to publi-
cising the follow-up to successful initiatives;
- guaranteeing multilingualism and exploring new methods of
linking up the online collection of signatures with social and
digital media in order to reach out to an ever larger audience;
- in principle, enabling every EU citizen to organise an ECI by
guaranteeing the option of covering a campaign’s unavoidable
expenses for formally registered ECIs.
Lastly, the EESC proposed setting up an institutional forum on the
participation of European citizens, to become a permanent plat-
form for discussion and debate at the Committee along the lines
of the European Migration Forum, building on European Citizens’
Initiative Day. The Committee could draft a specific, more detailed
proposal on this subject, in particular, in a new own-initiative
opinion.
At the heart of this EESC opinion lies the awareness that the crisis
of confidence in the European institutions can be overcome if the
EU becomes once again the model of peace, prosperity and free-
dom that it was for many years for its citizens, who now increas-
ingly often even reject that citizenship. Active citizenship in all its
forms must be the starting point, and the ECI is without a doubt
one of the highest, most innovative forms of active citizenship.
In recent years the EESC has made a substantial contribution to
the ECI - each year organising European Citizens’ Initiative Day
for the exchange of good practices and networking; setting up
the ECI helpdesk, which provides services such as translation into
the official languages of the EU of initiatives endorsed by the
Commission; promoting campaigns and publishing information
brochures; and inviting the promoters of the most successful
initiatives to its plenary sessions and section meetings.
Antonio Polica (AFM)

JDE INSIDER
15
unemployment are currently the highest in Greece at 49 per cent, Spain
at 46 per cent and Italy at 39 per cent, with these figures having de-
creased over the last two years.
In response to the persisting problem of high levels of youth unem-
ployment and risk of a lost generation the European Council proposed
aYouth Employment Initiative (YEI) in February 2013.The policy frame-
work for the YEI is constituted by the Youth Employment Package and
in particular by the Recommendation on Establishing a Youth Guaran-
tee adopted by the Council in April 2013.
The Youth Guarantee aims to ensure that all young people under 25
receive a concrete job offer within four months of completing formal
education or becoming unemployed. The good quality job offer refers
to jobs, apprenticeships, traineeships or continued education. Finland
has been a key success story in terms of developing a highly successful
and comprehensive Youth Guarantee Scheme. A Eurofound evaluation
found that, in 2011, 83.5 per cent of young job seekers received a suc-
cessful offer within 3 months of registering as unemployed.
The success of the Finnish scheme has largely been attributed to the
creation of personalised plans for young people. The success of the
Youth Guarantee has been successful in lowering the overall unemploy-
ment rate in Finland. The transferable policy lesson appears to be the
implementation of personalised pathways for unemployed persons, in
such a way that incorporates individuals back into the labour market
on the basis of their skills and interests as opposed to an over-emphasis
on finding any job.
The EESC is currently working on an opinion on the New Skills Agenda
which is up for adoption in December 2016. Under the Maltese Pres-
idency in January 2017, the EESC will be working on an exploratory
opinion on High Quality Education for All. Both opinions will focus on
assessing the current situation concerning the education and skills of
young people across the EU-28. Ensuring the good quality education
and skills for young people is an integral policy tool in determining fu-
ture labour market opportunities. Moreover, successful outcomes from
the inclusive growth objectives will aid the achievement of Europe
2020 goals in achieving a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth for
Europe.
Tara Gallagher (SOC)
On 8 August 1956, 262
miners lost their lives
after a fire broke out in a
coal mine in Marcinelle.
Although the tragedy oc-
curred in Belgium, the
incident took on an inter-
national dimension when
it became known that the
victims were from twelve
different countries: Italy,
Belgium, Poland, Greece,
Germany, France, Algeria,
Hungary, United Kingdom,
Netherlands, Russia and
Ukraine.
Between 21 September
and 14 October, the EESC
was proud to host a photo-
graphic exhibition by Max
Pelagatti which bears wit-
ness to the tragedy that took place sixty years ago in the small Bel-
gian village.The exhibition launch was attended by Georges Dassis,
EESC president, Vincenzo Grassi, Italian Ambassador to Belgium,
Jean-Louis Delaet, director of the Bois du Cazier museum, and En-
rica Boccione, the niece of Cesare di Berardino, one of the miners
who died.
The young Italo-Japanese photographer drew inspiration from
the stories and recollections of the women of Cesare di Berardino’s
family to commemorate one of the deadliest industrial accidents
in recent European history. The photos reveal the women’s side
of the story. Although the women are generally overlooked when
Marcinelle is remembered, they have been the principal channel
through which the story has been handed down.
Previously, when the incident was commemorated, it was always
presented as a tragedy, highlighting the death of the miners. How-
ever, as became clear during the exhibition launch:“Cesare was first
of all a father and a husband, and then a miner”. And that is why
the photographer is seeking to show his human side, his family and
aspects of his daily life rather than his tragic death.
The exhibition is made up of 24 snapshots and focuses on the hard,
difficult life of a migrant. The photographs portray families fleeing
poverty, looking for a more hopeful future for their loved ones. In
this way, Max Pelagatti has also managed to link the incident with
the present and empathise with the millions of people who are cur-
rently living in similar conditions, far from their home country.
Nicolás Barra (VIP)
The Wood of Memories:
Marcinelle beyond
the tragedy
©Shutterstock:Bluehousestudio

JDE INSIDER
16
The bees are back at the EESC!
On 12 September 2016, and after a few years of absence, the EESC has
once again welcomed some VIP guests (Very Important Pollinators).
Two beehives have been installed on the 7th floor of the JDE building.This
initiative aims to raise awareness about the possibilities of urban beehives,
and more globally, the vital importance to our planet of bees and pollina-
tors and the need to halt their dramatic decline in recent years. In addition,
any honey produced next year will be used for tastings by staff and visitors
as well as gifts whenever possible.
The aim of the Committee’s project is to support urban biodiversity while
raising awareness about the global importance of pollinators for our envi-
ronment and food security.
Bee populations are declining globally at a dramatic rate, and over the last
30 years we have lost about half of all European wild bee species. As bees
pollinate about 80% of all plants on the earth, including almost all fruit
and vegetables, their decline has direct implications for the planet’s eco-
systems and for food security.The exact causes of bee decline are not fully
understood, but most experts agree on a combination of factors including
climate and temperature changes, pesticide use, the spread of diseases
and large-scale landscape changes leading to the loss of habitats for feed-
ing and nests.
Honeybee keeping has similarly declined in the last decades in Europe,
and is nowadays maintained to a great degree by small-scale and amateur
beekeepers. It is important to encourage and promote beekeeping in the
countrysideaswellasincitiesinordertoboostdwindlingbeepopulations,
increase urban biodiversity and raise awareness about the importance and
plight of bees.
Urban bee keeping is on the increase world-wide and is seen as a way to
fight the disappearance of the bees. Paradoxically, urban bees seem to be
doingaswellorbettercomparedtobeesinthecountrysidetoday.Theyare
healthier and even produce more honey, gathering pollen and nectar from
flowering plants in city parks, gardens and balconies.
The EESC will cooperate over a four year period with BeeOdiversity Sprl, a
company that develops projects aimed at preserving biodiversity and bees
while in keeping with the societal entrepreneurship movement.
The two beehives will become the focus of awareness-raising activities
with staff and guests after the bees’return to public life next year, starting
in the spring of 2017 during the Open Doors Day in May 2017.
Giulia Carcasci (NAT)

JDE INSIDER
17
In this section, CONNECT puts the spotlight on the trainees who help to
produce the AFM newsletter as part of their traineeship at the EESC. This is
an opportunity for them to tell us about their lives and ambitions as young
Europeans. In this edition, we are pleased to present Lucas Morgenstern.
Name: Lucas Morgenstern
Place of birth: Zwickau (Germany)
Date of birth: 19 June 1989
Status: Trainee (GRE)
To introduce myself briefly, I ought to go back to the beginning. I
was a poor student at primary school and ended up going to a Re-
alschule (second tier in the three-tier German secondary school sys-
tem). In Germany, a Realschule diploma does not entitle you to study
at a university, and apprenticeships are also hard to come by nowadays.
Over time, however, my grades steadily improved and my class teacher
thought that I had what it took to do the Abitur, the German advanced
school-leaving certificate. The school principal disagreed, believing
that I would not be able to manage the Gymnasium (grammar school).
But at the end of the final year I passed my Abitur with a better average
than the majority of my classmates.
Before starting university I had to carry out a period of community
service as a substitute for military service, which at that time was still
compulsory. Although I did not like it initially, this was an instructive
period for me. I worked as a caretaker at the town hall in Olbernhau,
Saxony, where I had the job of cleaning the entrance hall every morn-
ing. Some of the town officials were rather condescending to me, as
I was «only» the caretaker. Since then, I have tried to show particular
respect for people one might have a tendency to overlook. This period
also gave me a sense of perspective about work, teaching me humility
and making me grateful for the opportunities that I have had.
Joking apart, in some ways my enthusiasm for the EU comes from
watching Star Trek. The United Federation of Planets is a symbol of pro-
gress, where former enemies are reconciled, people are empowered
and human rights are regarded as the ultimate good. At the age of 7,
I was already a «Trekkie», and on first hearing about the EU at school I
found the idea exciting, due to its similarities to the Federation.
I became increasingly interested in the EU and day-to-day politics; my
father – a pastor in the Lutheran church of Saxony – said that a Chris-
tian should always watch the news in order to know what to pray for.
At the beginning of the refugee crisis I had just completed my practical
legal training in Saxony. Being interested in immigration and asylum
law, I went to work for a lawyer specialising in the field. We represent-
ed people with moving stories, and I came to believe strongly that the
right to asylum should be as broad as possible. I supported this cause
at demonstrations and by participating in various groups that help ref-
ugees. I learned that democracy and human rights must be defended.
At the end of my legal training I wanted to gain more experience of Eu-
ropean law, and so I applied for this traineeship. I am therefore delight-
ed to have been accepted and I hope that you will enjoy this newsletter.
Warm regards,
I try to show particular respect
for people one might have a
tendency to overlook.
WE GIVE THE FLOOR TO...
Lucas Morgenstern

18
JDE INSIDER
The European Economic and Social Committee, which was estab-
lished by the Community’s founding treaties, is undoubtedly in-
volved in the problems currently hindering the integration of the EU’s
Member States. Furthermore, the titles of two articles in the October
issue of «EESC info» illustrate the deadlock at which the EU has arrived.
In the editorial, Committee president Georges Dassis called for «More
union in our Europe», echoing the statement by Commission president
Jean-Claude Juncker at the Committee plenary session: «There is not
enough union in this Europe».
What has blocked the push towards integration by means of common
political institutions?
What has caused a Member State such as the United Kingdom, which is
key to genuine European unity, to leave by voting for Brexit?
What is preventing the implementation of a common immigration pol-
icy for the 27 Member States, which would ensure that they are all in a
position to cope with this unprecedented phenomenon?
Why are we unable to
adopt economic and
monetary policies, for the
euro zone and the EU as a
whole, which can provide
the jobs needed, particu-
larly for young people?
The reasons are complex:
this is not the proper place
to tackle them fully, but we
all know perfectly well that
only appropriate and joint
action will enable us to put
the crisis behind us.
Specifically, the EESC is re-
sponsible for understand-
ing the current feelings of
the civil society which we
claim, rightly or wrongly, to represent. As members or former members
of the Committee, representatives of long-established or more recent
civil society organisations or networks, this responsibility falls to us. We
must ask ourselves why we failed to grasp what was happening among
European citizens. Once it was the responsibility of these associations
and networks which are set up in every Member State to listen to pub-
lic opinion: nowadays, these social bodies – like the political parties
– are struggling to interpret what people want. The EESC has also been
dragged into the bureaucratic chasm separating Europeans from Eu-
rope’s political leaders.
It is true that the European and
global geo-political situation has
changed radically since the EESC
was first set up.
The European Communities were
established to secure peace and
unity following the destruction of
two world wars, and subsequent-
ly developed into a vast market.
This initial purpose has been
partly forgotten by Europeans today who focus solely on economic
integration and the single currency: 70 years have gone by since the
first treaties were signed. As a result, the drive towards unity has been
weakened by blows from the crisis which has shone a spotlight on the
EU’s inability to kick start economic growth.
Every day, we realise that civil society has adopted increasingly varied
consumption patterns - in terms of both primary consumption and
consumption of the new goods of the postmodern age. The emer-
gence of an individualist
culture, in which collective
behaviour is largely driven
by emotions, has changed
people’s political stance.
New political groupings
are forming, and people
are giving credence to the
illusion that we can get
around today’s complex
situation by means of easy
referenda: just vote yes
or no and the problem is
solved! People do not want
to acknowledge that the
dream in which mankind is
at peace because of delib-
erate actions and progress
has failed.
So what can we do to enable an institution like the EESC to help over-
come the complex situation in which the EU and civil society organi-
sations have become bogged down? I believe that, first and foremost,
a major body such as the EESC can contribute simply by listening to
people. This may not seem like much, but we need to rekindle public
confidence in the EU institutions and to step away from our grand or
small institutional roles to sow the seeds of dialogue and debate with
every single European.
Giovanni Mantovani (AFM)
The problems facing the EU and the role
of the EESC

19
«I GAINED TOLERANCE FROM THE COMMITTEE»
José Maria Espuny Moyano tells us
of his experiences at the EESC
Iarrived at the European Economic and Social Committee 19 years ago, appointed
on the proposal of the Spanish Food and Drink Industry Federation.When I arrived,
I didn’t know what the Committee was exactly, nor how I could contribute to it - or
what I stood to gain from it. I was to find out that the Committee was an important
and significant body. And I went on to become the rapporteur for 29 opinions, some
better than others, some more significant than others, but all written and discussed
with passion, the important point being to listen to and understand different per-
spectives, and - above all - with the intention of contributing to building «our» EU.
So, what have I gained from the Committee?
Firstly: tolerance. We need tolerance to understand that we cannot build this Eu-
ropean Union of ours by seeking to impose one view. We need to convince others,
work together, and above all, be direct in the way we operate, looking each other
in the eye and - as the saying goes in Italy – «putting ourselves in other people’s
shoes». Secondly: humanity. We need humanity to understand that there are many
tragedies in the world, that we live in a Europe that is privileged and that we must
share everything we have with those who did not have the good fortune to be born
in a continent that is wealthy and peaceful. And thirdly: commitment. I have made
a personal commitment to a variety of humanitarian causes.
Let me mention just one of them: Foundation +34, the sole aim of which is to assist
Spanish nationals who are in prison abroad. «+34» is the international telephone
code for Spain and any Spanish person, regardless of their ideology, has to dial this
number, whether from the most luxurious hotel or from the filthiest prison cell, in
order to call home and find a little comfort in speaking with their family.
We are not asking for these people to be released without serving sentences com-
mensurate with the crimes committed. But we do ask for them to serve their time
in prisons with decent conditions that are as close as possible to their families. We
would like to work towards a Foundation +32, +33 and +35 as well... in fact founda-
tions with all the EU countries’international codes, so that the prison conditions we
have seen in countries such asThailand, Peru and Morocco can serve as a warning to
our fellow citizens not to be tempted by what appears to be «easy» money.
The Committee has, beyond any shadow of doubt, given me more than I have given
it.
Note: Foundation +34 does not provide assistance to criminals
convicted of terrorism, gender-based violence or violent crimes.
José Ma
Espuny Moyano (AFM)
We need to convince others,
work together, and above
all, be direct in the way we
operate, looking each other
in the eye and - as the
saying goes in Italy – «putting
ourselves in other people’s
shoes»
AFM FORUM

20
BREXIT SEEN FROM OXFORD
Our members Claudio Cappellini, Béatrice Ouin, Rudolph
Schnieders and Dana Stechova, visited Oxford with the AFM.
Here’s what they had to say
Ivery much enjoyed the trip to Oxford, meeting
old friends and talking with other Europeans
in this very special forum. However, what struck
memostduringthefourdaysweweretherewas
just how strongly the majority of the people we
spoke with felt about Brexit.
Before I arrived, I knew that many of my British
friends and colleagues had been shocked to
wake up on 24 June to find that they were no
longer part of Europe. During those four days in
Oxford, however, everything kept coming back
to Brexit: it influenced how people felt, and al-
most everyone was asking questions about the
future. On the first day, we attended a confer-
ence on research in Oxford, where there was
considerable anxiety because the EU funded
25% of the research. Will Oxford University’s
researchers be able to continue with 25% less
funding?
Next we visited JET, the European precursor of
ITER, which is working on nuclear fusion with a
view to providing mankind with plentiful, clean
energy. JET is a European project carried out on
UK soil. How can the EU continue to fund a fa-
cility which is no longer in the EU? This is what
every researcher and employee working on
this site is asking and worrying about. And they
are not alone: people working in London for
the European Banking Authority, the European
Medicines Agency and many similar bodies are
faced with the same questions and do not know
whether they will still have a job next year.
The most moving point of our trip was unde-
niably the meeting with the head of a compre-
hensive school in Gloucester (a large state-run
school for 11 to 15 year olds). He talked about
the problems he was having recruiting science
teachers since industry pays better than educa-
tion. As a result, he could not find enough British teachers to fill the posts and many of his teachers were therefore European. He spoke in particular about
one of his best members of staff, a Polish lady, who could barely sleep for worrying about whether she would still be there next year. His parting words
were: «Brexit is a tragedy» – and that will be my lasting impression of our trip to the UK.
Béatrice Ouin (AFM)
AFM FORUM

21
An unforgettable experience, an excellent organisation, a glance into
the rich English history, policy, art, the academic tradition, the efforts
tobuildupamodernschoolsystemandthebeautifullandscape.Sorrythat
this member state will leave the EU. Many thanks to our friends Robert Mo-
reland and HughWalker
Rudolph Schnieders (AFM)
Iconsider the visits to the local grammar and comprehensive schools very
interesting. A more focused‘bottom up’approach to the UK educational
system was correct as well as the local assistance of our British colleagues.
The real perception of the European Union among children and teenagers
we met was interesting: it was practically non existent as it is largely in our
schools in Italy...
The JET tour showed us how important it is to invest in long term research
and how big new energy settlements need an interactive permanent scru-
tiny by the EU general public and scientific communities.
Claudio Cappellini (AFM)
MostoftheBritishpeopleIhavemet,especiallysincemycountryjoined
the EU, were ones for whom this EU was worth belonging to and
helping to build together. So, when I was in Oxford, I was looking forward
eagerlytothediscussionsonBrexit.Anditwasindeedoneofthemaintalk-
ing points. I was deeply struck by the disappointment and disillusionment
of those we visited, who spoke of the projects, research and exchange pro-
grammes that had prospered thanks to the EU. And it occurred to me then
that the course of my life had been marked by two crucial moments. One
was the joy of my country joining the EU in 2004 and the second the sad-
ness of experiencing the UK’s anticipated departure. I can only hope that
responsible solutions are found that benefit Europe and its citizens.
Dana Stechova (AFM)
AFM FORUM

22
©Shutterstock:Skowronek
My thanks to Marilia Arezes
and Sir Ivor Crewe, University
College Oxford, and to Robert
Moreland and Kenneth Walker.
AFM FORUM
To all of you - Aslans, Digory Kirkes and Polly Plummers, Morses, Alic-
es, Mad Hatters and Queens of Hearts, Frodo Baggins, Gandalfs and
Legolases, and even Muggles who understand Parseltongue!
High Street Oxford, 10 February 1355, St Scholastica’s Day, near the
Carfax tower which looks down on the High Street. A fight breaks out
between two students and a taverner... over a drink. It turns into a riot.
Students and local residents are at each other’s throats. The street runs
red with blood.
High Street, Oxford, 17 September 2016, near the Carfax tower. Mod-
ern, eccentric clothes
replace hooded
capes and hose. The
guide, never at a loss
for an explanation,
suggests that we ex-
plore the medieval
city on foot. There are
lots of car-free lanes
robed in mystery. The
sun dances across the
rooftops and jew-
el-like spires of Ox-
ford with its square
towers and pinnacles,
populated by a whole
community of Gothic
figures attached to
the top of the balus-
trades and walls.
It all begins when wealthy intellectual and spiritual founders of the
city throw themselves into an eternal investment plan to buy a place in
heaven. Over the years they build all these bewitching colleges. Today,
the University of Oxford operates as a federation. Thirty-eight centu-
ries-old colleges and six permanent private halls run themselves, each
with their own rules, but are attached to the central administration,
headed by the chancellor, Lord Patten.
From time to time we encounter some of the 30 000 students spread
across the city of Oxford, wearing gowns, a sign of distinction repre-
senting an average mark of 80%, an ultra-selective entry examination,
fees ranging between £10 000 and £15 000 and exclusive teaching
based on a tutorial system. Moreover, university towns in the UK are
renowned for their excellent pubs. Even more numerous than the li-
braries, there are pubs for all tastes, such as the Head of the River on
the banks of the River Thames.
The colleges are open to the public and can be visited - for example
the prestigious Christ
Church College. Thir-
teen prime ministers
were Christ Church
graduates, and the
architecture inspired
a number of sets for
the Harry Potter saga,
including the Hog-
warts dining hall. The
diocese’s cathedral
is also located there
and is testimony to
the British passion for
music, with wonder-
fully melodious sing-
ing. For less classical
ears, Radiohead, Ride
and Supergrass were
formed in Oxford.
Two days earlier ...
The morning of 15 September, in the lecture room. Access is via the
Shelley Memorial on the ground floor, and then... you have to follow
someone who knows the way through this labyrinthine sixteenth-cen-
tury building. Dr Glenn Swafford, Director of Research at the University
of Oxford and representative of the League of European Research Uni-
versities (LERU), gives us an overview of the role of research in many
areas and certain useful advances such as eye implants in the area of
medicine. He expresses concern for the future if funds from Horizon
2020 or other EU investments are no longer available.
16 September, morning, Podsmead.The atmosphere is formal. Pupils in
navy blue blazers and their teachers are lined up in rows waiting for us.
Nick Dyer, headmaster of the Crypt School, a traditional Catholic gram-
mar school, runs the school on the basis of performance and selection,
an approach which ensures success. The infrastructure and teaching
equipment are new and the teaching is meticulous. Some pupils go on
to the most prestigious universities, and all the others make it to their
first choice.
Then we move on to Quedgeley to meet Richard Johnson, headmas-
ter of the comprehensive Severn Vale School and mathematics teach-
er. Despite our late arrival, Mr Johnson gives us a warm welcome to
his non-selective secondary school, which has been recognised and
commended for its encouragement, motivation and firm belief that all
MEMORIES OF OXFORD

©Shutterstock:ExFlow
23
AFM FORUM
children can succeed, whatever their background and situation. He de-
scribes the genuine devotion and pride of a cohesive team.
The two visits, each followed by a discussion with the school’s head-
master, give us an overview of the different education systems, the
chance to compare the breakfasts provided and, lastly, the impression
that life is one long struggle to make ends meet.
Friday 16 September. Before us lies the Oxfordshire countryside with its
small streams winding through meadows, bordered by a small copse
on the horizon. There are cottages dotted here and there, and we sur-
vey the valley from a bus, gasping with a mixture of fear and enter-
tainment each time it sets off to the left round a roundabout. Here,
the European flag keeps a low profile - a very low profile. Gloucester
Cathedral to the north-west rises up majestic and silent. Edward II lies
there, reaping the benefit of the spells from Hogwarts School of Witch-
craft and Wizardry. In the Parliament Room next to the cathedral, we
are welcomed by Neil Carmichael, Conservative Member of Parliament
and Chair of the Education Select Committee, who outlines his role and
that of the committee, the inquiries of which are intended to inform
the public and maintain the motivation of the teaching profession.
Late afternoon. The austere, harsh landscape of Gloucester harbour.
Restored buildings converted into museums and hipster shops line
the waterways. Here and there, great barges anchored along the docks
rock almost imperceptibly in the fresh breeze, obscuring the water.
Saturday 17 September. The huge verdant estate of Blenheim Palace
is home to sculptures which both blend into the park and surprise the
visitor in the garden. The immense, Palladian-style square building was
the birthplace of Winston Churchill, a descendant of the Dukes of Marl-
borough. The visit passes through a series of interconnecting rooms
adorned with portraits, vases, sculptures, gilding and Flemish tapes-
tries, followed by an exhibition commemorating Winston Churchill and
his role as Prime Minister during the Second World War.
And lastly, with a bit of luck, you might come across a squirrel on the
playing fields of Oxford, if a large white rabbit fails to appear to lead
you in the footsteps of you know who...
Maria Cossu (GRE)

24
«EMERITUS» MEMBERS OF THE EESC IN ENGLAND
JET: A visit to a possible future – stellar energy
This year’s fascinating study visit took place in England, where the organis-
ers Robert Moreland and Kenneth Walker – whom we would like to thank
sincerely for their remarkable efforts and for the quality of the programme
– arranged a visit to JET (the Joint European Torus) at the Culham Centre
for nuclear fusion.
The group, led by our president, Roger Briesch – a former president of the
EESC – and accompanied by the highly efficient, untiring and patient Elis-
abethWolff ( the group’s leading light) and Maria Cossu, gelled immediate-
ly, creating a pleasant and friendly atmosphere.
We were hosted by the prestigious and apparently oldest of the colleges
at Oxford, University College, founded in the early 1200s (fact still disputed
among the colleges) and given a simple, informal welcome by its director
Sir Ivor Crewe. We were immediately thrown into the magical atmosphere
at Oxford, with its vibrant history and air of learning.Young people from all
over the world meet on its streets and its stern walls, overlooking one of
the main streets in Oxford, seem a bit intimidating. Views over well-tend-
ed gardens and flowers everywhere make for a nice, relaxed atmosphere
indoors. Rooms reminiscent of the Harry Potter films, large dining rooms
panelled with antique wood, paintings on the walls and priceless ancient
books remind us that we are in one of the most prestigious universities in
the world.
I had already visited the centre some years previously, during a trip organ-
ised by the TEN section and I therefore had the opportunity to see what
important steps forward had been achieved since then.
The JET programme, which has developed as part of the International
Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) programme has been success-
ful thanks to the Russian tokamak system (from the Russian words «to(roi-
dalnaya) ka(mera)mak(kina)» meaning a machine – for nuclear fusion –
with a ring-shaped chamber). This system has shown that it is better than
others at generating temperatures that greatly exceed the temperature of
the sun – which according to recent studies is around 16 million degrees
– reaching around 150 million degrees.
ITER also involves an important international partnership between Russia,
the United States, China, Japan, India and South Korea and the project will
generate energy for the first time towards the end of 2025 (500 MW per
hour with an energy expenditure of 50 MW).The work at Cadarache, in the
south of France, is progressing rapidly. Today the estimated cost is EUR 15
billion (the final cost is likely to be higher).
To give you an idea
Deuterium (D) can be extracted from sea water, which contains 35 grams
per cubic metre. Tritium (T) is not found naturally in great quantities, but
can be obtained from a light metal, lithium (Li), with the help of neutrons
generated by the fusion reaction:
6
Li + n => 4
He + 3
H + energy
or from a similar reaction with lithium.The majority of land-based minerals
contain lithium, and 1kg of tritium can be extracted from 2.3 kg of lithium.
A fusion power plant that produces 1 GW of electricity (a similar amount to
that produced by a nuclear fission power plant) would require 150 kg of T
and 100 kg of D per year.
Fusion produces negligible amounts of low-concentration radio-active
material that are easy to dispose of, and the estimated costs of construc-
tion, management and, most importantly, disposal are more competitive
AFM FORUM

25
in comparison with traditional nuclear plants. Nuclear fusion will provide a
definitive answer to the problem of meeting our energy needs in the not
too distant future.
The visit
After passing through the thorough security checks, the director of the
centre and some of his colleagues were waiting for us at the entrance. Our
group was split up according to language preference and we began our
visit. A hot tea, coffee and some little pastries got us off to an excellent
start.
The “emeritus” members (as I like to call the former members) were wel-
comed into a conference room for an interesting and thorough explana-
tion of the ongoing research, how the tokamak works and future plans. I
wasamazedtoseethekeeninterestshownbyallthosepresent,whoasked
the extremely kind and patient speakers interesting and well-informed
questions.
Next, we were given helmets as a protection against falling materials and
we set off on our tour.
Oneofthemostinterestingpointswasavisittothemachinewithmechan-
ical arms that operates inside the «ring», at the heart of the machine.There
was a large control room with an operator who worked the mechanical
arms and three technicians who assisted and advised the operator. The
machine looked like a mechanical dragon that moved with millimetre pre-
cision in order to be able to operate in extremely sensitive environments
and in very high temperatures.
The Culham Centre offers a taste of the future.The researchers, technicians
and employees there are all aware of the importance of their work for the
future of humanity and they go about their tasks with the utmost concen-
tration. Although they are used to visitors groups, our presence was a dis-
tractiontothemandwetriedtolimittheamountofdisturbancewecaused
to the absolute minimum.
The visit came to a side-splitting end, with a group photo (page 21) by a
photographer who was in the mood for joking.
Final thoughts
I was able to see the significant progress made over the years, as well as the
enormous importance of the research carried out at Culham. In its opin-
ions on the subject, the EESC has vigorously defended the need to invest in
this essential project. In particular, our dear friend Gerd Wolff produced an
excellent opinion that established, once and for all that the Union cannot
abandon research and innovation, particularly in the field of energy.
It was a visit that we will remember for a long time and one that allowed
to us to realise at first hand that we are on the threshold of reproducing
solarenergyonourwonderfulplanet,thankstotheworkandcommitment
of our scientists. It is another example of the importance of the European
Union and its joint research programmes.
Edgardo Iozia (AFM)
AFM FORUM

26
Glasses for Africa
Michel De Grave, a former EESC member, has asked the association and all of its members to support a
humanitarian operation helping Guinea-Bissau, one of the poorest countries in Africa, by sending over
second-hand glasses. You can bring your glasses when we meet on 5 May 2017. A box will be set out at
the entrance.
A highly organised NGO with a number of collection points in various Portuguese towns and Brussels is responsible for this initiative. It sends one
or two loads a year to Bissau via Dakar, and will arrange transport from Brussels.
The NGO has set up an ophthalmologist’s surgery in Guinea-Bissau donated by a European doctor who will no longer be practising. Glasses will
therefore be a logical and valuable resource.
The NGO receives aid from the EU, as well as from municipalities and private companies such as Intermarché, a bank and food businesses.
The aim of the operation is to collect good condition adults’and children’s glasses (frames and lenses, including sunglasses but excluding contact
lenses), if possible in a case and if not, at least in an envelope to prevent damage. People can of course ask their friends and colleagues to contrib-
ute.
The NGO will transport the glasses from Brussels to Bissau via Lisbon.
http://afectoscomletras.blogspot.be/
Michel de Grave (AFM)
ORGANISATION AND COORDINATION
You can bring any glasses to the AFM general assembly on 5 May 2017.
Michel De Grave, a former EESC member and vice-president of the Brussels Richelieu Club, who worked in a development cooperation minister’s
cabinet, has volunteered to coordinate the project with the NGO and is in contact with the local Belgian consulate and with the high representa-
tive of the WHO. His contact details are as follows:
belcanto.eu@skynet.be
tel.: 00 32 2 469 28 76 / 00 32 478 53 73 73
AFM FORUM

INFO
The AFM will organise a study visit during the week of 26 September
2017. AFM members have been invited to submit a draft programme by
email, with a view to organising the trip in their country. The destination
will be announced at the end of December 2016.
AFM members are kindly requested to transfer their annual subscription
fee of EUR 70 for 2016 if they have not already done so, and their fee
of EUR 100 for 2017. We would like to remind members who are not up
to date with payments that they will not be permitted to take part in
statutory activities. Please specify which year your payment is for in your
message.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION FEE
AFM (Association of Former Members) account — ING bank
IBAN BE02 3101 7336 3540 – BIC: BBRUBEBB.
MESSAGE: annual subscription fee 2016 or 2017
2017 GENERAL ASSEMBLY
AFM bureau elections
The general assembly of the EESC’s Association of Former Members (AFM) will take place on 5 May 2017 in meeting room VM 3, Van Maerlant
Building, rue van Maerlant 2, 1040 Brussels.
The AFM will hold its biennial election to elect the six members of its bureau at the general assembly.
In accordance with Rule 6 of the Rules of Procedure, members wishing to apply for the post of bureau member must be endorsed by at least one
other member. The member endorsing the candidate must send the application to the secretariat by email (maria.cossu@eesc.europa.eu), with the
candidate in copy. The member may wish to use the following wording: «I wish to endorse Mr/Ms X’s application for the post of AFM Bureau member».
The deadline for sending applications is 31 December 2016.
STUDY VISIT 2017 ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION FEE
©Shutterstock:f9photos
27
©Shutterstock:BorisStroujko
©Shutterstock:DaLiu©Shutterstock:IanLaw

RAVENSTEIN MEMORIES
Photo: ESC delegation to the Elysée on 18 March 1982. From left
to right: Antoine Laval and Norman Miller, ESC Vice-chairmen,
Roger Louet, ESC Secretary-general, French president
François Mitterrand, and ESC president Tomas Roseingrave.
«The Chairman of the Economic and Social Committee,
Mr Tomás Roseingrave met for an hour with the President of the French
Republic, Mr François Mitterrand, in Paris on 18 March [1982]. Their
talks centred on the future of the Community and particularly on the
«European social zone».
On 19 March, Mr Roseingrave met the Prime Minister,
Mr Pierre Mauroy, the Minister for Labour, Mr Jean Auroux, and the
Minister in charge of European Affairs, Mr André Chandernagor, for
talks on current issues in the European Community. Special attention
was given to the initiatives suggested by the French Government in its
memorandum of October 1981.
The Committee delegation stressed the useful role which the ESC could
play in organizing a symposium on relaunching social policy, which
could be held in the second half of this year. Both sides also agreed
to devote special attention to unemployment among young people.
During his visit to Paris, Mr Roseingrave also talked with members of
different socio-economic groups, and in particular with representa-
tives of employers, the trade unions, farmers and consumers.
Mr Roseingrave was accompanied by the Committee’s two Vice-Chair-
men, Mr Antoine Laval and Mr Norman Miller, and its Secretary-Gener-
al, Mr. Roger Louet.»
Excerpt from the Bulletin of the Economic and Social Committee of the
European Communities, No. 3-4, 1982, p. 30.
General Coordination: Domenico Cosmai
Editorial Team: Maria Cossu, Lucas Morgenstern
Layout: Patrícia Escobar
Contributors: Alex Abdilla, Nicolás Barra, Giannino Bernabei, Janine
Borg, Roger Briesch, Claudio Cappellini, Giulia Carcasci, Domenico
Cosmai, Maria Cossu, Georges Dassis, Michel de Grave, José Maria
Espuny Moyano, Tara Gallagher, Edgardo Maria Iozia, Giovanni
Mantovani, Lucas Morgenstern, Béatrice Ouin, Luis Planas, Antonio
Polica, Rudolph Schnieders, Dana Stechova, Nikolaos Vrantsis
The cover is an original drawing by Stuart Shelley.
European Economic and Social Committee
Rue Belliard/Belliardstraat 99, 1040 Bruxelles/Brussel
BELGIQUE/BELGIË
Published by: “Visits and Publications” Unit
www.eesc.europa.eu
© European Union, 2016
Reproduction is authorised provided
the source is acknowledged.
REG.NO. BE - BXL - 27
EN
CONNECT is the newsletter of the Association of Former Members
of the European Economic and Social Committee. The publication
is also open to external contributions. The published articles reflect
the opinions of the authors and are not necessarily representative
of the positions of the editorial board or the European Economic
and Social Committee.

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