Community Health Nursing I B.Sc. Nursing First Year Kathmandu Universty

2. Community Diagnosis
UNIT 7
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3. UNIT 7
★ Definition: community diagnosis, community
resources
★ Difference between community diagnosis and
clinical diagnosis
★ Components of community diagnosis
★ Importance of community diagnosis
★ Methods and technique of community diagnosis
★ Components of community resources
★ Locally available community resources
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4. Introduction
Community is the client or target of service in
community health nursing practice where
community identification becomes initial
assessment.
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5. Community
WHO defines “community” as a social group
determined by geographical boundaries and
common values and interests. It members know
and interact with each other. It functions within
a particular social structure and exhibits and
creates certain norms, values and institutions.
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6. Contd.
A group of people with a common characteristic
or interest living together within a larger society
comprises a community.
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7. Contd.
Communities can be defined by location, race,
ethnicity, age, worksite, interest in particular
problems or situation in life, health concern, or
common bonds.
(Glasgow et al. 1997; VanEenwyk 1997; Han et
al. 1999)
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8. Diagnosis
The identification of the nature of an illness or
other problem by examination of the symptoms.
The distinctive characterization in precise terms
of a genus, species, or phenomenon.
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9. Contd.
“A quantitative and qualitative description of
the health of citizens and the factors which
influence their health. It identifies problems,
proposes areas for improvement and stimulates
action.”
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10. Contd.
In some contexts - methods to develop a
consensus about the prioritising health
problems and developing strategies.
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11. Contd.
Similar terms -
❖ social diagnosis,
❖ epidemiological diagnosis,
❖ behavioural diagnosis,
❖ educational and administrative diagnosis
❖ and community analysis/community
diagnosis.
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12. Concept
In order to do the final community diagnosis we
need to have the general knowledge of all
community which is necessary for all
community activities.
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13. Contd.
Secondly, along with general knowledge we
need to have the specific knowledge. E.g.,
whether the nutrition program has to be
introduced or not , we should know about the
dietary pattern, nutritional status , resources
etc.
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14. Contd.
It is the process of determining the pattern of
health problems in a community, including
factors influencing the problems.
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15. Contd.
This has the aspect of social medicine, which
includes social anatomy, social physiology, social
pathology, social diagnosis and social therapy.
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16. Contd.
Community Diagnosis is a process-
⮚Describes the state of health of local people.
⮚Enables the identification of the major risk
factors and causes of ill health.
⮚Enables the identification of the actions
needed to address these.
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17. Community Analysis:
Community analysis is the process of examining
data to define needs strengths, barriers,
opportunities, readiness, and resources.
The product of analysis is the “community
profile”.
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18. Contd.
Profiling-
⮚Profiling is the collection of relevant
information that will inform about the state of
health and health needs of the population and
⮚Analysis of this information to identify the
major health issues.
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19. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
DEFINITION
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20. Community diagnosis
The diagnosis of disease in an individual patient
is a fundamental idea a medicine. It is based on
signs and symptoms and the making inferences
from them. When this is applied to a
community, it is community diagnosis.
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21. Contd.
The community diagnosis is based on collection
and interpretation of the relevant data such as;
(a) the age and sex distribution of a population;
the distribution of population by social group;
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22. Contd.
(b) vital statistical rates such as the birth rate
and death rate,
(c) the incidence and prevalence of the
important diseases of the area.
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23. Contd.
In addition, a doctor must be able to find
information on a wide variety of social and
economic factors that may assist him in making
a community diagnosis.
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24. Contd.
The health needs as felt by the community
(some of which may have no connection at all
with health) should be next investigated and
listed according to priority for community
treatment.
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25. Definition of Community Diagnosis
It is comprehensive assessment of status as an
entire community in relation to its social,
political, economic, physical and biological
environment.
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26. Contd.
The identification and quantification of health
problems in a community as a whole in terms of
mortality and morbidity rates and ratios, and
identification of their correlates for the purpose
of defining those at risk and those in need of
health care.
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27. Difference between
community diagnosis and clinical diagnosis
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29. Objectives
1. To estimate the magnitude of the health
problems and the determinants.
2. To analyse trends and changing paradigms
of these problems and determinants.
3. To determine whether the needs of the
target population are being met.
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30. PURPOSE OF COMMUNITY
DIAGNOSIS
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31. Purpose of Community Diagnosis
→It helps to identify community needs and
problems.
→It is prerequisite for planning , implementing
and evaluation of successful community
based health and development programs.
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32. Contd.
→It helps to decide strategies for community
involvement.
→It helps to match project, organizations and
services with community needs.
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33. Contd.
→It can be used to help the community
become conscious of its existing problems
and find solutions.
→It helps to determine available resource.
→It helps to set priorities for planning.
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34. Contd.
→It helps to implement and evaluate health
action.
→It helps to identify population at risk.
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35. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY
DIAGNOSIS
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36. Importance
❖It helps to find the common problems or
diseases, which may be easily preventable in
the community.
❖It is a tool to disclose the hidden problems
that are not visible but affect community.
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37. Contd.
❖ To access the group of underprivileged
people.
❖ It helps to find the real problems of the
community people which might not have
perceived by them as problems.
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38. Contd.
❖ It helps to impart knowledge and attitudes to
turnover people’s problems towards the light
of solution.
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39. END

40. REFERENCE
● Pahari. R.D. Community Health Nursing, Part I,
1st Edition, 2019.
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