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La meccanica
di filtrazione
Come funziona
realmente un
filtro dell’aria?
Leadership in Filtration
È noto che un filtro dell’aria
ha il compito di catturare le
particelle di impurità.
Probabilmente è noto anche che l’aria satura
si dirige verso un lato del filtro, mentre l’aria
pulita fuoriesce dal lato opposto.
Ma cosa succede nella parte centrale di
questo processo, durante la quale l’aria
viene effettivamente pulita?
?
La filtrazione dell’aria con sistemi
di riscaldamento, ventilazione e
condizionamento dell’aria (HVAC) si
compone di quattro meccanismi essenziali.
Setaccio Inerzia a collisione Diffusione Intercettazione
Osserviamo ciascuno di questi
meccanismi in modo più dettagliato...
Setaccio
Il primo meccanismo è il setaccio,
la forma più semplice di filtrazione.
Setaccio
La particella segue il
percorso del flusso d’aria...
Setaccio
... ma essendo troppo grande per attraversare le
fibre del mezzo filtrante, viene catturata dal filtro.
Inerzia a collisione
Le particelle di grandi dimensioni e ad alta densità vengono
in genere catturate mediante inerzia a collisione.
Inerzia a collisione
Quando l’aria attraversa il mezzo filtrante,
passa attorno alle fibre...
Inerzia a collisione
... ma l’inerzia fa sì che la particella si separi dal
flusso d’aria e collida con la fibra.
Diffusione
Le particelle di dimensioni più piccole
vengono catturate mediante diffusione.
Diffusione
Queste particelle minuscole compiono due
percorsi irregolari, analogamente a un gas.
Diffusione
Questo è noto come moto Browniano ed è
solitamente separato dal flusso d’aria.
Diffusione
Questa irregolarità aumenta la probabilità che
la particella collida con una fibra.
+
+
–
Elettrostatica
Infine, abbiamo l’intercettazione, che ha luogo
solo nei filtri contenenti mezzi filtranti sintetici.
+
+
–
Elettrostatica
La particella segue il percorso
del flusso d’aria...
+
+
–
Elettrostatica
... ma mentre si avvicina a una fibra, una forza
elettrostatica attira la particella...
+
–
Elettrostatica
... in modo che collida con i
mezzi filtranti e venga catturata.
Il lato positivo di questi meccanismi di
filtrazione è che non operano da soli.
Un filtro potrebbe impiegare migliaia
di istanze di questi meccanismi di
filtrazione in qualsiasi momento.
L’efficienza di ciascun meccanismo
oscillerà per l’intera durata del filtro...
Efficienza
Tempo
ELETTROSTATICA
SETACCIO, INERZIA
A COLLISIONE
E DIFFUSIONE
Efficienza
Tempo
ELETTROSTATICA
SETACCIO, INERZIA
A COLLISIONE
E DIFFUSIONE
Ma è l’effetto cumulativo di tutti questi
meccanismi che determina l’efficienza
complessiva del filtro.
EFFICIENZA
COMPLESSIVA
L’importante è combinare i
meccanismi correttamente...
... per raggiungere il giusto
livello di protezione.
Ecco perché quando si sviluppano nuovi mezzi filtranti,
modelliamo l’efficienza di ciascun meccanismo in base
all'intera durata del filtro.
In genere, ciò dipende dalla singola fibra.
E spesso si tratta di nanofibre.
Tutto questo impegno è finalizzato
a garantire un prodotto che funzioni
esattamente come ci si aspetta.
Visitate il nostro
sito web per
ottenere maggiori
informazioni sulla
scienza della
filtrazione.
Leadership in Filtration

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La meccanica di filtrazione dell’aria: come funziona realmente un filtro dell’aria?