European countries colonized other lands in the 1500s due to dwindling natural resources and overpopulation in Europe. Colonists were able to obtain new lands and opportunities in places like the Americas, but in the process they killed, enslaved, or displaced millions of native Americans and eventually brought African slaves to the colonies to work. Colonialism resulted in genocide and was a violent time characterized by death, slavery, and the destruction of indigenous groups to make way for European expansion.