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古巴飛彈
危機
Jasmine Tung
2013.10.30
美蘇陣營
经济封锁
政治供给
颠覆破坏
军备竞赛
流血的戰爭
Cold war Hot war
大規模殺傷性武器標誌 (依次為放射性、感染性、毒性標誌)
背景-冷戰(1947年至1991)
衝突 競爭
柏林封鎖(1948-1949)
韓戰(1950-1953)
蘇伊士衝突(1956)
古巴飛彈危機(1962)
越戰(1959-1975)
蘇聯入侵阿富汗(1979-1989)
北約優秀射手演習(1983)
科技競爭
․ 太空競賽
軍備競賽
․ 核子武器
美蘇兩方在許多第三世界的國家進行了一系列政治
和軍事的衝突,包括了拉丁美洲、非洲、中東、和
東南亞地帶。
1962年10月14日,美國空軍飛機拍攝到
古巴建立蘇聯導彈基地的照片證據。
古巴危機- 美代表V.S.蘇代表
甘迺迪
BOOM
古巴危機- 美代表V.S.蘇代表
赫魯雪夫
美方觀點
外交解決
國際輿論壓力
軍事解決
空襲、入侵古巴
10月14日,美國空軍飛機拍攝到古巴建立蘇聯導彈基
地的照片證據。
10月17日,美國派出U-2偵察機拍攝飛彈發射場,證
明當地布署了至少16顆、最多32顆飛彈。這些飛彈的
最大射程為4500千米,它們可以攻擊所有美國重要的
工業城市,包括華盛頓。預警時間只有五分鐘。
1962年-發現
1962年-保守反應
其中包括容忍蘇聯布署飛彈、試圖採取外交解決以及
軍事手段如封港、空襲和入侵。所有這些討論均是絕
密(公眾和蘇聯不知道)。甘迺迪下令繼續使用U-2偵
察。
10月16日:國家安全顧問麥克喬治·邦迪向甘迺迪彙報
偵查結果,甘迺迪召集他”國家安全委員會”來討論
各種反應方式。
1962年-退讓
利用報紙發表交換條件的風聲,以測試蘇聯的反應。
1962年-持平
當偵察機被擊落時,私下準備作出開戰的指示,同時
派出羅伯面談蘇俄駐美大使進行最後協商。
1962年-施壓
檯面上:利用電視演講向蘇聯發出警告,要求赫魯雪
夫將蘇聯飛彈撤出古巴。
檯面下:加強海空力量準備實施封鎖古巴的政策。
1962年-衝突
10月24日:美國對古巴的封鎖開始。美國艦隻和蘇聯艦隻首次發生衝突。為了防止衝
突升級,美國艦隻沒有總統的直接命令不許開火。蘇聯艦隻進入封鎖圈。
10月26日:蘇聯不顧封鎖,在古巴繼續布署飛彈。執行委員會討論軍事步驟。強硬派
要求空襲,假如必要的話入侵。赫魯雪夫寫信給甘迺迪,表示假如美國保證不入侵古巴
的話蘇聯可以撤離飛彈。甘迺迪回復保證不入侵古巴。
10月27日:火箭試射導致誤會。
甘迺迪決定不報復並表示同意繼續談判。他向赫魯雪夫密電表示同意赫魯雪夫的第二封、
比較官方的信中建議的撤回布署在土耳其的飛彈。不過甘迺迪並沒有通知大多數執行委
員會的成員說他答應撤回在土耳其的飛彈。與此同時羅伯特·甘迺迪秘密與蘇聯駐美國的
大使談判。
1962年-和解

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Cold war history