This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
A lot of theories about motivation refer to that people want to feel like they accomplish something. Goal is a perfect way for having people to aiming and keep focused on something. This is a three step guide on how to work with goals.
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
A lot of theories about motivation refer to that people want to feel like they accomplish something. Goal is a perfect way for having people to aiming and keep focused on something. This is a three step guide on how to work with goals.
El documento presenta las historias de varios niños de diferentes partes del mundo. Cada niño describe dónde vive, con quién vive, qué comen, qué les gusta hacer y qué quieren ser cuando sean grandes. Viven en lugares como la selva brasileña, el desierto del Sahara, la India, Ghana, Nicaragua y otros. Comparten detalles sobre sus familias, casas, escuelas, comidas y actividades favoritas.
This document discusses trends for 2013 and is authored by @annaoscarsson. It identifies 6 key trends: 1) Social gamification to increase engagement, 2) The rising importance of video content, 3) The growth of social commerce and mobile shopping, 4) Focusing on niche audiences, 5) The increasing role of internet-connected devices, and 6) Creating open platforms for user participation rather than centralized control. The document provides brief descriptions and support for each trend.
Dokumen ini memberikan panduan mengenai penulisan rencana, termasuk struktur dan proses penulisan rencana. Struktur rencana yang dibahas meliputi kronologi, masalah huraian dan penyelesaian, kenyataan dan penghujahan, serta pensenaraian. Proses penulisan rencana mencakupi persiapan menulis dengan memilih waktu yang tepat dan melakukan senaman, serta membentuk ciri-ciri penulis rencana seperti desak
Media for Social Responsibility: Portrayals of Disability and Chronic Illness...Anthony Adornato
Seminar focusing on media portrayals of people with disability and chronic illness. For presentations of other speakers, visit: Great line-up of experts for my course on portrayals of disability and chronic illness in the media. Access the presentations here: http://bit.ly/2cGHT1f
Building mobile and social media journalism into journalism classes. Presentation at 2016 annual conference of the Association of Education in Journalism & Mass Communications.
El documento presenta las historias de varios niños de diferentes partes del mundo. Cada niño describe dónde vive, con quién vive, qué comen, qué les gusta hacer y qué quieren ser cuando sean grandes. Viven en lugares como la selva brasileña, el desierto del Sahara, la India, Ghana, Nicaragua y otros. Comparten detalles sobre sus familias, casas, escuelas, comidas y actividades favoritas.
This document discusses trends for 2013 and is authored by @annaoscarsson. It identifies 6 key trends: 1) Social gamification to increase engagement, 2) The rising importance of video content, 3) The growth of social commerce and mobile shopping, 4) Focusing on niche audiences, 5) The increasing role of internet-connected devices, and 6) Creating open platforms for user participation rather than centralized control. The document provides brief descriptions and support for each trend.
Dokumen ini memberikan panduan mengenai penulisan rencana, termasuk struktur dan proses penulisan rencana. Struktur rencana yang dibahas meliputi kronologi, masalah huraian dan penyelesaian, kenyataan dan penghujahan, serta pensenaraian. Proses penulisan rencana mencakupi persiapan menulis dengan memilih waktu yang tepat dan melakukan senaman, serta membentuk ciri-ciri penulis rencana seperti desak
Media for Social Responsibility: Portrayals of Disability and Chronic Illness...Anthony Adornato
Seminar focusing on media portrayals of people with disability and chronic illness. For presentations of other speakers, visit: Great line-up of experts for my course on portrayals of disability and chronic illness in the media. Access the presentations here: http://bit.ly/2cGHT1f
Building mobile and social media journalism into journalism classes. Presentation at 2016 annual conference of the Association of Education in Journalism & Mass Communications.
1. C:UsersManuelDesktopMicroPracticas laboratorioPractica #5CodigoPractica #5.A51
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Page 1
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; Source code template for A51 assembler modules.
; Copyright (c) 2008 Marlon Hiraldo
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$NOMOD51
; disable predefined 8051 registers
$INCLUDE (REG52.INC)
; include register definition file
; (this is CPU dependant 8051, 8052, etc.)
NAME
skell
$EJECT
; eject page (change)
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; This is a good place to include any reference to external symbols.
; This is also a good place to add any expose states (publics).
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; STACK segment
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------?STACK
SEGMENT IDATA
; ?STACK in IDATA RAM (index only RAM).
RSEG
?STACK
; ?STACK segment.
DS 16
; 16 bytes for stack (16 is a lot!!)
$EJECT
; eject page
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; DATA SEGMENT
; Add your variable declaration in this segment.
; Use DS # to reserve memory space. Remove samples to save memory
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------data_seg
SEGMENT DATA
; segment for DATA RAM.
RSEG
data_seg
; data segment
; *****your vars go
valor:
DS
duracion:
DS
nota:
DS
here*****
1
1
1
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; BIT SEGMENT
; Add your bit variables declaration in this segment.
; User DBIT # to reserve memory bit space. Remove the samples to save memory
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------bit_seg
SEGMENT BIT
; segment for BIT RAM.
RSEG
bit_seg
; bit segment
;*****Your bits go here*******
;bit_var2:
DBIT
4
; 4 bits var (sample)
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; Add your constants (typeless) here.
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------;********Your constants go here***********
number1 EQU 0DH
; number substitudes for 0dh (sample)
num1
EQU number1-8
; evaluated value for num1 (sample)
LCD_RS
BIT
P2.0
LCD_EN
BIT
P2.1
LCD_DATA
DATA
P2
Bocina
BIT
$EJECT
P1.0
; change page
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; Modify to reflect your code memory entry point
; This can also be used to relocate the ISR entry points
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------CSEG
LJMP
AT 0000H
_$start
; set code segment to start at 0
; reset entry point (jump to start)
2. C:UsersManuelDesktopMicroPracticas laboratorioPractica #5CodigoPractica #5.A51
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Page 2
CSEG
LJMP
AT 0003H
_ISR_EX0
;ISR INT externa 0
CSEG
LJMP
AT 0013H
_ISR_EX1
;ISR INT externa 1
CSEG
LJMP
AT 001BH
_ISR_T1
;ISR INT Timer 1
CSEG
AT 002BH
;ISR INT Timer 2
LJMP
_ISR_T2
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; CODE SEGMENT
; This is where your code goes
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------code_seg
SEGMENT CODE
RSEG
code_seg
USING
0
_$start:
; code segment
; let the assembler know we are using register
; bank 0. This is needed for some statements.
MOV SP,#?STACK-1
; set stack to the right location
SETB IT0
SETB IT1
;habilitar interrupcion externa al micro
ORL TMOD,#00010000b
;Configurar timer 1 en modo 1
MOV TL1,#low(32202)
MOV TH1,#high(32202)
;Cuenta inicial del timer 1 para 0.05s
CLR TR1
CLR TR2
;Timer 1 OFF
;Timer 2 OFF
MOV T2CON,#00000000b
MOV TL2,#low(64778)
MOV TH2,#high(64778)
;Timer 2 en autorecarga
;Cuenta inicial del timer 2 para 0.05s
MOV IE,#10101101b
;Habilitar EX0,EX1,TF1 y global intr
ACALL _LCD_init
ACALL _LCD_cursoroff
;Inicializar LCD
;Apaga el cursor
MOV DPTR,#msj
ACALL _LCD_puts
;Carga e imprime msj (primera linea LCD)
MOV A,#49h
acall _LCD_gotoxy
;Posicionar el cursor para imprimir número de canción seleccionada
MOV R0,valor
acall _imprimir_dig
;Imprime en la LCD el número actual de la canción seleccionada
_$otro:
sjmp _$otro
;**************************************ISRs*******************************************************
;--ISR TIMER 1
_ISR_T2:
CPL Bocina
CLR TF2
RETI
;--ISR TIMER 1
_ISR_T1:
;Generar onda cuadrada 50%
3. C:UsersManuelDesktopMicroPracticas laboratorioPractica #5CodigoPractica #5.A51
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Page 3
PUSH PSW
PUSH ACC
DJNZ duracion,_$exit_isr_t1 ;Verificar que han pasado 1.0 segs
mov duracion,#40d
MOV A,nota
MOVC A,@A+dptr
MOV RCAP2H,A
;Indice de la nota a tocar
;Obtener parte alta
INC nota
MOV A,nota
MOVC A,@A+dptr
MOV RCAP2L,A
;Indice de la nota a tocar
;Obtener parte baja
SETB TR2
INC nota
;mover a la siguiente nota
mov A,nota
;Reiniciar: comparar con 13*2 = 26
CJNE A,#26,_$exit_isr_t1
mov nota,#00h
_$exit_isr_t1:
MOV TL1,#low(32202) ;Cuenta inicial del timer 1 para 0.05s
MOV TH1,#high(32202)
CLR TF1
;INT Ack
POP ACC
POP PSW
RETI
;Restaurar contexto
;--ISR EXTERNAL 0
_ISR_EX0:
PUSH ACC
PUSH PSW
;Salvar el contexto
MOV A,valor
ADD A,#1
DA A
;Incrementar el numero
MOV valor,A
POP PSW
POP ACC
RETI
;Salvar el contexto
;--ISR EXTERNAL 1
_ISR_EX1:
PUSH ACC
PUSH PSW
;Salvar el contexto
MOV A,valor
ADD A,#99h
DA A
;Sumar R0 + (-1)bcd
;Ajustar a decimal
MOV valor,A
;Guardar resultado de la suma
POP PSW
POP ACC
RETI
;Salvar el contexto
;******************Funciones*********************
;---------------------------------------------------------------;Imprime una cadena en la LCD
_imprimir_dig:
PUSH ACC
MOV A,R0
;Imprimir parte alta
4. C:UsersManuelDesktopMicroPracticas laboratorioPractica #5CodigoPractica #5.A51
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Page 4
SWAP A
ANL A,#0Fh
ADD A,#30H
;Obtener parte alta
;Convertira a ascii
SETB F0
;Imprimir dato
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
MOV A,R0
ANL A,#0Fh
ADD A,#30H
;Imprimir parte alta
;Convertira a ascii
SETB F0
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
;Imprimir dato
POP ACC
RET
;-------------------------------------------------------------_LCD_Puts:
PUSH AR0
PUSH ACC
PUSH AR1
MOV R0,#0
;Salvar contexto
;Para indexar tabla
_$nextchar:
MOV A,R0
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV R1,A
;Para indexar tabla
;Leer caracter y guardar
XRL A,#10h
JZ _$salir__LCD_Puts
;Comparar con fin de cadena
MOV A,R1
ACALL _LCD_Putchar
INC R0
;Si no es fin de cadena imprimir caracter
;Apuntar al siguiente caracter de la cadena
SJMP _$nextchar
_$salir__LCD_Puts:
POP AR1
POP ACC
POP AR0
RET
;Restaurar contexto
;---------------------------------------------------------------;Imprime un caracter en la LCD
_LCD_Putchar:
PUSH PSW
SETB F0
;Para indicar qeu se escribira un dato
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
POP PSW
RET
;---------------------------------------------------------------;Limpia la LCD y pone el cusor en la posicion 0,0
_LCD_home:
PUSH ACC
;Salvar contexto de la llamada
CLR F0
MOV A,#02H
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
POP ACC
RET
_LCD_clr:
;cursor at home
;Restaurar contexto de la llamada
5. C:UsersManuelDesktopMicroPracticas laboratorioPractica #5CodigoPractica #5.A51
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Page 5
PUSH ACC
;Salvar contexto de la llamada
CLR F0
MOV A,#01H
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
;lcd CLEAR
POP ACC
RET
;Restaurar contexto de la llamada
;---------------------------------------------------------------------------;Inicializar la LCD a 4 bits
_LCD_init:
PUSH ACC
MOV
CLR
LCD_DATA,#00h
LCD_RS
;Iniciar puerto de LCD como salida
;Asegurar comandos
MOV
A,#30H
ACALL _LCD_Adato
SETB LCD_EN
CLR
LCD_EN
MOV A,#5
ACALL _Delay_ms
;inicializacion y delay
MOV
A,#30H
ACALL _LCD_Adato
SETB LCD_EN
CLR
LCD_EN
MOV A,#5
ACALL _Delay_ms
;inicializacion y delay
MOV
A,#30H
ACALL _LCD_Adato
SETB LCD_EN
CLR
LCD_EN
MOV A,#5
ACALL _Delay_ms
;inicializacion y delay
MOV
A,#20H
ACALL _LCD_Adato
SETB LCD_EN
CLR
LCD_EN
MOV A,#5
ACALL _Delay_ms
;inicializacion y delay
CLR F0
MOV A,#28H
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
;LCD STROBE
;LCD STROBE
;LCD STROBE
;LCD STROBE
;Comandos de inicializacion
MOV A,#08H
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
MOV A,#01H
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
MOV A,#06H
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
MOV A,#00001101b
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
;lcd on blinking
MOV A,#03H
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
;cursor at home y clear lcd
POP ACC
RET
;---------------------------------------------------------------;Escribir un comando o un dato a la LCD F0=1 dato, F0=0 cmd
_LCD_wrcmd_data:
CLR
LCD_EN
;Asegurar enable en 0
6. C:UsersManuelDesktopMicroPracticas laboratorioPractica #5CodigoPractica #5.A51
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CLR
LCD_RS
JNB
SETB
F0,_$cmd
LCD_RS
;Verificar si dato o comando
_$cmd:
PUSH ACC
ANL A,#0F0h
ACALL _LCD_Adato
SETB LCD_EN
CLR LCD_EN
;Sacar parte alta del comando
;Enviar parte alta
;Enable en 0 y luego en 1
MOV A,#2
ACALL _Delay_ms
POP
ACC
SWAP A
ANL A,#0F0h
ACALL _LCD_Adato
SETB LCD_EN
CLR LCD_EN
MOV A,#2
ACALL _Delay_ms
;Sacar parte baja del comando
;Enviar parte baja
;Enable en 0 y luego en 1
;Delay
RET
;---------------------------------------------------------------;Ajustar DATO para escbibir a la lcd DB4->P2.2....DB7->P2.5
_LCD_Adato:
PUSH B
;Salvar contexto
PUSH ACC
RR A
RR A
MOV B,A
MOV A,LCD_DATA
;Ajustar el bit mas significativo con el bit 5 del puerto
;Asegurarse de que no se modifiquen los bits del puerto que
en uso
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Page 6
ANL A,#11000011b
ORL A,B
;Acomodar el dato
MOV LCD_DATA,A
;Poner el dato
POP ACC
POP B
RET
;Restaurar contexto
;---------------------------------------------------------------;Temporizar ACC*ms
_Delay_ms:
PUSH AR0
PUSH ACC
_$waitxms:
MOV R0,#10
_$wait1ms:
ACALL _Delay_100us
DJNZ R0,_$wait1ms
;Salvar el contexto de la llamada
;Para temporizar 1ms = 100us*10
;Temporizar 100us
;Multiplicar 10
DJNZ ACC,_$waitxms
;Multiplicar el ACC * 1ms
POP ACC
POP AR0
;Restaurar el contexto
RET
;---------------------------------------------------------------;Temporia 100us
no estan
7. C:UsersManuelDesktopMicroPracticas laboratorioPractica #5CodigoPractica #5.A51
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Page 7
_Delay_100us:
MOV TMOD,#00000001b
MOV TH0,#high(65469)
MOV TL0,#low(65469)
;Configurar TIMER 0 en modo 1
;Cuenta inicial para 1ms
SETB TR0
CLR TF0
;Encender TIMER 0
_$wTF0: JNB TF0,_$wTF0
;Esperar por el overflow del timer 0
RET
;---------------------------------------------------------------_LCD_Gotoxy:
push ACC
ANL A,#10h
JZ _$goto
pop ACC
;Salvar contexto
;verifico la posicion de la linea y si son iguales salto a la etiqueta
RET
_$goto:
POP ACC
ADD A,#80h
;restauro el valor que tenia el acumulador
;le sumo al acumulador '80h' para ponerlo en la primera linea
;y la posicion que tenga el acumulador
RET
;---------------------------------------------------------------_LCD_Cursoroff:
PUSH ACC
CLR F0
MOV A, #00001100b
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
POP ACC
RET
;Apagar Cursor De la LCD
_LCD_Cursoron:
PUSH ACC
CLR F0
MOV A, #00001110b
ACALL _LCD_wrcmd_data
POP ACC
RET
$EJECT
;Encender Cursor de la LCD
; change page
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; CODE MEMORY CONSTANTS
; This is where your CODE MEMORY constants go.
; Remove the sample to save memory
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------;table:
db 31h, 32h, 33h, 5eh, 34h, 35h, 36h, 76h, 37h, 38h, 39h, 0e0h, 20h, 30h, 3fh, 3ah (sample)
;tablel_en equ 1+$-table
msj:
db
"Elegir Cancion:",10h
notas:
dw
0FE06h, 0000H,0FE06h,0000H,0FE06h,0000H,0FD82h,0000H,0FE06h,0000H,0FE56h,0000H,
0FD82h,0000h
tiempo:
db
04d,01d,04d,01d,04d,01d,04d,01d,04d,01d,04d,04d,08d,06d
END
; End Of File