Clinical laboratory services play an important role in healthcare by screening for diseases, assisting with diagnosis and treatment, and ensuring patient safety. Expenditures on laboratory tests in South Africa increased 45% from 2010 to 2014 due to rising test volumes and the introduction of new tests. To manage costs, the government proposed an essential laboratory tests list (ELL) to standardize appropriate tests at primary healthcare facilities. This study analyzed current laboratory expenditures and test profiles to determine potential cost savings from implementing the ELL.