The document discusses climate smart agriculture practices. It defines climate smart agriculture as an approach that aims to sustainably increase productivity and incomes, adapt and build resilience to climate change, and reduce and/or remove greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines various climate smart agricultural practices and approaches, including crop management practices, soil/water management, livestock/agroforestry management, and more. It also discusses challenges and the need for capacity building, knowledge sharing, financial support, and policy frameworks to promote widespread adoption of climate smart agriculture.

1. Credit Seminar
on
Climate Smart Agriculture Practices
Presented By:
Anil Kumar Rohila
2014A21D
Deptt. of Extension Education
CCS HAU, Hisar

2. Introduction
Food production needs to increase by 70 per cent
through yield increase to feed the world in 2050
(Bogdanski, 2012).
To ensure available food supply to meet the food
requirements of the world’s growing population can be
fulfill only climate smart agriculture practices (Yang, 2012).
 CSA is composed of three main pillars: sustainably
increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting
and building resilience to climate change and reducing or
removing greenhouse gases emissions relative to
conventional practices (FAO, 2013).

3. Climate
The weather conditions prevailing in area in general
or over a long period.
Climate is the average weather in a place over many
years.

4. Climate Smart?
Agriculture is considered to be “climate smart” when
it contributes to increasing food security, adaptation
and mitigation in a sustainable way. This new
concept now dominates current discussion in
agricultural development because of its capacity to
unite the agendas of the agriculture, development
and climate change communities under one brand.
Source: Neufeldt, 2013

5. Climate Smart Agriculture?
CSA is a newly evolved production system for agriculture that to
ensure food security and sustainable use of natural resources and
production profits under a changing climate scenario, as well as lead
to a ‘triple win’ agricultural development. CSA requires a complete
package of practices to achieve the desired objectives but adoption
is largely dependent on farmers’ preference and their capacity and
WTP.
Source: Chwen Ming (2012) and Garima (2014)

6. Source: Steenwerth, 2014
Why CSA?

7. Concept of Climate-smart agriculture (CSA):
It is defined and presented by FAO at the Hague Conference on
Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change in 2010. It integrates the
three dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social and
environmental) by jointly addressing food security and climate
challenges. It is composed of three main pillars:
Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes
Adapting and building resilience to climate change
Reducing or removing greenhouse gases emissions, where possible
Source: www.fao.org

8. Climate Smart Agricultural Practices?
Climate smart agricultural practices are those that
sustainably increase productivity and resilience,
reduce or remove greenhouse gases and enhance
achievement of national food security and
development goals for different groups.
Source: Frederiksberg, 2012

9. CSA is not a single specific agricultural technology or practice that can be
universally applied. It is an approach that requires site-specific
assessments to identify suitable agricultural production technologies and
practices. This approach:
Addresses the complex interrelated challenges of food security, development and
climate change
Recognizes that these options will be shaped by specific country contexts and
capacities and by the particular social, economic and environmental situation where
it will be applied
Assess the interactions between sectors and the needs of different stakeholders
involved
Identifies barriers to adoption, especially among farmers and provides appropriate
solutions in terms of policies, strategies, actions and incentives
Cont……

10.  Seeks to create enabling environments through a greater alignment of
policies, financial investments and institutional arrangements
 Strives to achieve multiple objectives with the understanding that priorities
need to be set and collective decisions made on different benefits
 Should prioritize the strengthening of livelihoods, especially those of
smallholders, by improving access to services, knowledge, resources,
financial products and markets
 Addresses adaptation and builds resilience to shocks, especially those related
to climate change, as the magnitude of the impacts of climate change has
major implications for agricultural and rural development
 Considers climate change mitigation as a potential secondary co-benefit,
especially in low-income, agricultural based populations
 Seeks to identify opportunities to access climate-related financing and
integrate it with traditional sources of agricultural investment finance
Source: CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE SOURCEBOOK, 2013

11. Approaches
Integrated planning of land, agriculture, forests, fisheries and water at local,
watershed and regional scales, to ensure synergies are properly captured
Promoting activities that increase carbon storage, combine animal husbandry
and trees with food production, and are geared towards improving soil fertility
Reducing a variety of emissions from agriculture such as nitrous oxygen from
fertilizer application etc.
To promote sustainable agricultural practices that have many other direct
benefits for smallholder farmers and the environment
Diversifying income sources and genetic traits of crops to help farmers hedge
against an uncertain climate
Developing sound risk insurance and risk management strategies
Adaptive management that disseminates timely climate information to farmers
and monitors the local outcomes of different actions, builds on the traditional
knowledge of farmers
Source: CSA-A call to action, The World Bank

12. Agriculture Global Alliance for Climate-Smart
Agriculture
Geographical coverage:
20+ countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America,
Focus on three initial action areas:
Knowledge
Investment
Environment
Target:
500 million farmers enabled to practice CSA by 2030, including:
(i)Improved agricultural productivity and incomes
(ii)Strengthened resilience of farmers
(iii)Reduced greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
Source: Climate Summit, 2014

13. APPROACH, PRIMARY IMPACTS AND MULTIPLE BENEFITS
Source: www.ifad.org

14. Crop
Management
 Intercropping
 Crop rotations
 New crop varieties
 Improved storage and
processing techniques
 Greater crop diversity
Soil and water
Management
 Conservation
agriculture
 Contour planting
 Water storage
 Dams, pits, ridges
 Improved irrigation
Livestock &
Agroforestry
Management
 Improved feeding
strategies
 Fodder crops
 Manure treatment
 Livestock health
 Animal husbandry
improvements
 Multipurpose trees
Climate-smart practices useful in smallholder agricultural production
Source: www.worldagroforestry.org

15. Assessing the situation
Identify barriers and factors
Managing Climate Risk
Defining policies
Investments
Process CSA implementation in country level
Source: CSA Source Book

16. Variety Training
Agri. information
Recommendation
Credit Facilities
Marketing Facilities
CSA in India

17. Dimensions of capacity development and support modalities
Source: FAO, 2012

18. The sustainable food value chain framework
Source: FAO, 2013

19. The ten principles of SIFVCD
Source: FAO, 2013

20. How can institutions support CSA?
Producing and sharing technical knowledge
Providing financial services, credit and access to markets
Supporting the coordination of collaborative action

21. What do we need?
Agricultural sectors must become climate-smart to successfully tackle current
food security and climate change challenges
Agriculture, including forestry and fisheries, is crucial for food security and rural
incomes as well as other essential products, such as energy, fibre, feed and a
range of ecosystem services
Climate-smart agriculture is a pathway towards development and food security
built on three pillars: increasing productivity and incomes, enhancing resilience of
livelihoods and ecosystems and reducing and removing greenhouse gas emissions
from the atmosphere
Climate-smart agriculture contributes to a cross-cutting range of development
goals
There are many opportunities for capturing synergies between the pillars of
climate-smart agriculture, but also many situations where trade-offs are inevitable
Source: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO)

22. How do we achieve it?
Working at the landscape level with an ecosystems approach, combining
forestry, fisheries, crops and livestock systems is crucial for responding to the
impacts of climate change and contributing to its mitigation
Inter-sectoral approaches and consistent policies across the agricultural, food
security and climate change are necessary at all levels
Institutional and financial support is needed for farmers, fishers and forest
dependant peoples to make the transition to climate-smart agriculture
Some effective climate-smart practices already exist and could be scaled-up,
but this can only be done with serious investments in building the knowledge
base and developing technology
Investments in climate-smart agriculture must link finance opportunities from
public and private sectors and also integrate climate finance into sustainable
development agendas
Source:
www.fao.org/climatechange/climatesmart

23. What next?
Early action is needed to identify, pilot and scale-up best practices,
strengthen institutional capacities, and build experiences that can help
stakeholders make informed choices to make the transformation to
climate-smart agriculture
Tools and knowledge on climate-smart agriculture must be further
developed and shared. We must invest in education, capacity development
and communication as well as training
Financial mechanisms that link climate finance to agriculture investment
must be established
Source: FAO, THE UNITED NATIONS

24. What should be cover during training?
Facilitating farmer exchange visits and other approaches for sharing
adaptation strategies in ‘climate analogue’ areas - places where farmers
today can learn about the climatic conditions they can expect to be
dealing with in the future
Assessing how to facilitate the use of daily and seasonal weather
forecasts for farmers and how to make access to forecasts more
equitable
Understanding and catalysing gender-sensitive, climate-smart-
agricultural-practices
Source:
www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/gender

25. Economics & Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture (EPIC).
The Economic and Policy Support for Climate-Smart Agriculture Programme
provides technical and policy assistance to countries to establish climate-smart
agricultural systems. Working with national policy and research partners, the
Programme:
• Provides technical support in identifying the synergies and trade offs between food
security, adaptation and mitigation that may arise in transforming smallholder
agricultural systems
• Identifies the local institutions needed to support the transition to climate-smart
agricultural systems
• Provides assistance for strategic planning that integrates climate change,
agricultural development and food security policy objectives and investments
• Builds mechanisms and investment plans to combine climate finance with
agricultural investment finance to support the transition to climate-smart agriculture
FAO

26. Literacy rate
Establishment and maintenance costs
Markets
Capital
Training & risk ability
Constraints

27. Challenges
Provide political environment
Improve market accessibility
Involve farmers in the project-planning process
Improve access to knowledge and training
Introduce more secure tenure
Overcome the barriers of high opportunity costs to land
Improve access to farm implements and capital

28. Suggestion
Project and policy preparation need to reflect higher risks, where vulnerability
assessments and greater use of climate scenario modelling are combined with a
better understanding of interconnections between smallholder farming.
‘Multiple-benefit’ approaches to sustainable agricultural intensification by
smallholder farmers. These approaches can build climate resilience through
managing competing land-use systems at the landscape level, while at the same
time reducing poverty, enhancing biodiversity, increasing yields and lowering
greenhouse gas emissions
New efforts to enable smallholder farmers to become significant beneficiaries of
climate finance in order to reward multiple-benefit activities and help offset the
transition costs and risks of changing agricultural practices
 Better ways to achieve and then measure a wider range of multiple benefits
beyond traditional poverty and yield impacts

29. Recommendation
Financial help and market facilities
Development and climate finance programs must focus on improving
livelihoods and income so that there is incentive for smallholder farmers to
invest in climate-smart agriculture
Combining practices that deliver short-term benefits with those that give
longer-term benefits can help reduce opportunity costs and provide greater
incentives to invest in better management practices
National agriculture development plans with appropriate institutions at
national to local levels, provision of infrastructure, access to information and
training and stakeholder participation and, last but not least, improvement of
tenure arrangements are necessary for long-term transformation towards
sustainable intensification and management of resources.