Limitation of suit, appeal and execution gagan deep
The document discusses limitation periods under Indian law. Some key points:
- Section 3 of the Limitation Act bars filing suits, appeals, or applications after the prescribed limitation period, even if limitation is not raised as a defense.
- Limitation periods are prescribed in the Limitation Act schedule and range from 30 days for some appeals to 12-30 years for different types of civil suits.
- The limitation clock starts when the cause of action arises but is paused for periods like when the plaintiff has a legal disability.
- Missed deadlines can be condoned if sufficient cause is shown. Condonation of delay is addressed under Rule 3-A.
- Case law examples discuss when
This contains important provisions of Indian Limitation Act 1963, definitions, principles, bar of suit, effects of limitation, computation of limitation period etc.
This document provides an overview of key definitions and concepts from the Limitation Act of 1963 in India. Some key points:
- It establishes periods of limitation (i.e. deadlines) for filing lawsuits, appeals, and applications. Suits filed after these periods are dismissed.
- It defines important terms like applicant, defendant, plaintiff, and period of limitation.
- It outlines exceptions to the normal limitation periods for legal disabilities like minority, allowing extensions in cases of fraud or mistake.
- It discusses how to calculate limitation periods, excluding periods where legal proceedings were ongoing or where the defendant was absent from India.
So in summary, this Act establishes statutory deadlines for legal actions and
This document is the Limitation Act of 1908 from Pakistan. It consolidates and amends the laws around limitation of suits, appeals and applications to courts. Some key points:
- It establishes time limits for filing suits, appeals and applications and mandates their dismissal if filed after the prescribed period of limitation.
- It provides exceptions to extending time limits, such as when the court is closed, sufficient cause is shown, or the plaintiff had a legal disability like being a minor.
- It establishes rules for computing periods of limitation, such as excluding time during related legal proceedings, the defendant's absence from the country, or when the plaintiff has been prosecuting a case in good faith in a court without jurisdiction
The Specific Relief of Act 1877
The Law of Limitation Act, 1908
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037
application under section 5 of limitation act_1.pdfSomikJindal1
The document discusses the Limitation Act of 1963 in India. It establishes that this act governs the time limit for filing legal suits, applications, and appeals. The key objectives of the act are to provide a defined period for aggrieved parties to seek legal remedies and prevent unlimited litigation. The act is based on the principles of finalizing litigation and protecting vigilant parties. It establishes time limits for different legal matters and allows for condoning delays under certain circumstances like illness or imprisonment.
The Specific Relief of Act 1877
The Law of Limitation Act, 1908
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037
This explain object of Indian Limitation Act 1963. It define limitation. Explains how limitation is computed, what is effect of death, acknowledgement and prescription.
Limitation of suit, appeal and execution gagan deep
The document discusses limitation periods under Indian law. Some key points:
- Section 3 of the Limitation Act bars filing suits, appeals, or applications after the prescribed limitation period, even if limitation is not raised as a defense.
- Limitation periods are prescribed in the Limitation Act schedule and range from 30 days for some appeals to 12-30 years for different types of civil suits.
- The limitation clock starts when the cause of action arises but is paused for periods like when the plaintiff has a legal disability.
- Missed deadlines can be condoned if sufficient cause is shown. Condonation of delay is addressed under Rule 3-A.
- Case law examples discuss when
This contains important provisions of Indian Limitation Act 1963, definitions, principles, bar of suit, effects of limitation, computation of limitation period etc.
This document provides an overview of key definitions and concepts from the Limitation Act of 1963 in India. Some key points:
- It establishes periods of limitation (i.e. deadlines) for filing lawsuits, appeals, and applications. Suits filed after these periods are dismissed.
- It defines important terms like applicant, defendant, plaintiff, and period of limitation.
- It outlines exceptions to the normal limitation periods for legal disabilities like minority, allowing extensions in cases of fraud or mistake.
- It discusses how to calculate limitation periods, excluding periods where legal proceedings were ongoing or where the defendant was absent from India.
So in summary, this Act establishes statutory deadlines for legal actions and
This document is the Limitation Act of 1908 from Pakistan. It consolidates and amends the laws around limitation of suits, appeals and applications to courts. Some key points:
- It establishes time limits for filing suits, appeals and applications and mandates their dismissal if filed after the prescribed period of limitation.
- It provides exceptions to extending time limits, such as when the court is closed, sufficient cause is shown, or the plaintiff had a legal disability like being a minor.
- It establishes rules for computing periods of limitation, such as excluding time during related legal proceedings, the defendant's absence from the country, or when the plaintiff has been prosecuting a case in good faith in a court without jurisdiction
The Specific Relief of Act 1877
The Law of Limitation Act, 1908
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037
application under section 5 of limitation act_1.pdfSomikJindal1
The document discusses the Limitation Act of 1963 in India. It establishes that this act governs the time limit for filing legal suits, applications, and appeals. The key objectives of the act are to provide a defined period for aggrieved parties to seek legal remedies and prevent unlimited litigation. The act is based on the principles of finalizing litigation and protecting vigilant parties. It establishes time limits for different legal matters and allows for condoning delays under certain circumstances like illness or imprisonment.
The Specific Relief of Act 1877
The Law of Limitation Act, 1908
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037
This explain object of Indian Limitation Act 1963. It define limitation. Explains how limitation is computed, what is effect of death, acknowledgement and prescription.
The document is an excerpt from the Limitation Act, 1908 of Bangladesh. It discusses provisions related to computing periods of limitation for filing lawsuits, appeals or applications. Some key points:
- It excludes time during which the defendant was absent from Bangladesh or certain other territories.
- It excludes time during which the plaintiff was prosecuting another case in good faith against the same defendant but the court lacked jurisdiction.
- It excludes time during which a proceeding was stayed by an injunction or order, and the time for which any notice was given according to law.
- Special provisions apply if the right to sue accrued but the person with the right or the potential defendant died before the right accrued or the case
1. The document discusses whether secured creditors should be allowed to enforce their security upon the commencement of insolvency proceedings against the debtor or if a temporary stay should apply.
2. It notes that while secured creditors' rights must be protected, insolvency law also aims to maximize the value of assets for all creditors and facilitate equitable distribution. A temporary stay may help achieve these aims if it avoids quick asset sales and allows rehabilitation of the debtor's business.
3. Greek law applies a temporary stay on enforcing security over assets connected to the debtor's business, up to 10 months. This aims to balance protecting secured creditors' rights with other insolvency law objectives like repayment of debt and increased asset value,
Securitization and debt recovery ii reviseUjjwal 'Shanu'
The document discusses the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 which was passed to facilitate speedy adjudication of matters relating to recovery of debts owed to banks and financial institutions. It established Debt Recovery Tribunals and Appellate Tribunals across India for this purpose. The criteria for setting up DRTs depends on the volume of cases in an area. Banks and financial institutions can file applications to the DRT for recovery of debts, following the procedures laid out in the Act. Orders passed by the DRT can be appealed to the Appellate Tribunal.
This document summarizes the key concepts around bail based on the given legal framework. It defines bail as the release of an accused person from custody before trial, on the condition that they appear for trial. There are different types of bail discussed - interim bail granted for a short period, anticipatory bail to prevent arrest, and regular bail after arrest. Guidelines are provided for granting anticipatory bail based on the likelihood and reason for arrest. Conditions can be imposed on bail and it can be cancelled if abused, such as threatening witnesses. Overall the document analyzes the legal concepts and types of bail from the given jurisdiction.
The document discusses the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993, which was passed to facilitate the speedy adjudication of matters relating to recovery of debts owed to banks and financial institutions. It established Debt Recovery Tribunals and Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunals across India to handle such cases. The tribunals have similar powers to civil courts and follow procedures to allow banks/FIs to file applications, defendants to respond, and include provisions for appeals, interim orders, and debt recovery. As of now, there are 29 DRTs and 5 DRATs constituted across the country to help banks/FIs recover bad debts efficiently.
The document discusses provisions related to staying the execution of a decree or order under Order 21 Rule 5 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It provides that an appellate court may order a stay of proceedings under a decree or execution of the decree. It also outlines the conditions that must be satisfied for a stay to be granted, including that there was no unreasonable delay in applying, substantial loss would result without a stay, and the applicant has provided security for performing the decree. The document also discusses related provisions around staying execution by appellate courts and executing courts.
The document summarizes key aspects of Italian bankruptcy law regarding "Concordato Preventivo Proceeding" (CPP), an insolvency process that allows distressed companies to negotiate debts under court supervision.
Section 168 provides an "automatic stay" that prevents creditors from enforcing or continuing claims against the debtor's assets from when the CPP petition is filed until the plan is confirmed. Section 184 makes the confirmed CPP plan binding on pre-filing creditors, though they can still pursue jointly liable entities or guarantors. The document distinguishes between pre-filing and post-filing claims and how they are treated under the CPP.
This document provides the arrangement of sections for The Limitation Act, 1963 in India. It includes 5 parts with sections on:
1) Preliminary matters like the short title and definitions.
2) Limitation of suits, appeals and applications including provisions around legal disability, continuous running of time, and suits against trustees.
3) Computation of the period of limitation and exclusions of time for legal proceedings, when leave to appeal as pauper is sought, and when proceeding in a court without jurisdiction.
4) Acquisition of ownership by possession including prescription and extinguishment of rights.
5) Miscellaneous provisions including savings, provisions for suits with shorter periods, and provisions for barred or
The general rule is that statutes apply prospectively unless retroactive intent is clearly expressed. Exceptions include procedural laws and curative statutes. Procedural laws refer to court rules and are generally applied retroactively. However, retroactivity will not be allowed if it impairs vested rights or involves due process issues. Curative statutes cure defects in existing laws and can also apply retroactively unless vested rights are impaired.
This document outlines the guidelines for when injunctions are proper or prohibited according to Philippine law. It provides details on the requisites for granting a writ of preliminary injunction, including that the invasion of rights must be material, the complainant's right must be clear, and an injunction is necessary to prevent serious damage. Exceptions allow for injunctions to maintain orderly law administration, avoid multiple cases, protect constitutional rights, or question the validity of statutes or ordinances.
The document provides an overview of security of payment claims under the NSW Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999. It outlines the key steps if a party is served with a security of payment claim, including serving a payment schedule within 10 days and potential adjudication of the claim if payment is withheld. The summary also details what should be included in payment claims, payment schedules, adjudication applications and responses to adhere to the strict time limits under the Act.
The document provides an overview of proposed reforms to civil procedure rules in the Supreme Court, including:
1) Significant proposed reforms include enacting an Overriding Objective, reforms to case management, expert evidence, costs regime, and settlement offers.
2) Key terminology is defined that is changing, such as replacing writs with claim forms and pleadings with statements of case.
3) Fixed date claims and the procedures for them are outlined.
1) Enforcing foreign arbitral awards in India can involve delays, as the court must first determine that the award is valid and enforceable before deeming it a decree. This requires separate legal proceedings.
2) Once deemed a decree, the award can then be executed according to civil procedure code, which allows many opportunities for delays through notices, objections, and stays.
3) The author argues that arbitration is meant to provide speedy dispute resolution, but execution according to the civil procedure code can take decades and defeat this purpose. Simpler and stricter penal consequences for non-compliance could help ensure awards are enforced in a timely manner.
Execution and enforcement of judgment and order
Writ of seizure and sale
Stay of Execution
WRIT OF POSSESSION
WRIT OF DELIVERY
GENERAL RULES IN RESPECT OF WRIT OF EXECUTION
ENFORCEMENT OF MONEY JUDGEMENT
GARNISHEE PROCEEDINGS
CHARGING ORDERS TO STOP ORDER
APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVER (O51)
JUDGMENT DEBTOR SUMMONS
COMMITAL
WRIT OF DISTRESS
This document provides an overview of the Limitation Act of 1963 in India. It discusses:
1) The key features and objectives of limitation acts, which aim to restrict legal actions to a fixed period of time to avoid uncertainty and promote finality of litigation.
2) The salient features of the Indian Limitation Act of 1963, including that it covers suits, appeals, and applications and divides these into 10 parts. It prescribes different limitation periods ranging from 1 to 30 years for different types of legal matters.
3) An overview of the scheme of the Act and how it divides suits into 10 classes and sets limitation periods for suits, appeals, and applications in different articles. It also discusses how suits,
ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGEMENTS AND ORDERS
Writ of seizure and sale
Stay of Execution
WRIT OF POSSESSION
WRIT OF DELIVERY
ENFORCEMENT OF MONEY JUDGEMENT
GARNISHEE PROCEEDINGS
CHARGING ORDERS TO STOP ORDER
APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVER (O51)
JUDGMENT DEBTOR SUMMONS
WRIT OF DISTRESS
The Specific Relief of Act 1877
The Law of Limitation Act, 1908
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037
This document discusses limitation of suits, appeals, and applications under Indian law. It provides rules around when suits can be dismissed due to exceeding the statutory limitation period, as well as exceptions to this. Specifically, it allows for extensions to the limitation period for legal disabilities like minority, insanity, or idiocy. It also discusses rules for multiple plaintiffs with disabilities, pre-emption rights, continuous running of limitation unless administration letters are granted, and suits against trustees. The document is divided into sections outlining these various rules and exceptions to the normal limitation period.
In the intricate tapestry of life, connections serve as the vibrant threads that weave together opportunities, experiences, and growth. Whether in personal or professional spheres, the ability to forge meaningful connections opens doors to a multitude of possibilities, propelling individuals toward success and fulfillment.
Eirini is an HR professional with strong passion for technology and semiconductors industry in particular. She started her career as a software recruiter in 2012, and developed an interest for business development, talent enablement and innovation which later got her setting up the concept of Software Community Management in ASML, and to Developer Relations today. She holds a bachelor degree in Lifelong Learning and an MBA specialised in Strategic Human Resources Management. She is a world citizen, having grown up in Greece, she studied and kickstarted her career in The Netherlands and can currently be found in Santa Clara, CA.
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Similar to Civil Procedure Code of 1908 Which is ba
The document is an excerpt from the Limitation Act, 1908 of Bangladesh. It discusses provisions related to computing periods of limitation for filing lawsuits, appeals or applications. Some key points:
- It excludes time during which the defendant was absent from Bangladesh or certain other territories.
- It excludes time during which the plaintiff was prosecuting another case in good faith against the same defendant but the court lacked jurisdiction.
- It excludes time during which a proceeding was stayed by an injunction or order, and the time for which any notice was given according to law.
- Special provisions apply if the right to sue accrued but the person with the right or the potential defendant died before the right accrued or the case
1. The document discusses whether secured creditors should be allowed to enforce their security upon the commencement of insolvency proceedings against the debtor or if a temporary stay should apply.
2. It notes that while secured creditors' rights must be protected, insolvency law also aims to maximize the value of assets for all creditors and facilitate equitable distribution. A temporary stay may help achieve these aims if it avoids quick asset sales and allows rehabilitation of the debtor's business.
3. Greek law applies a temporary stay on enforcing security over assets connected to the debtor's business, up to 10 months. This aims to balance protecting secured creditors' rights with other insolvency law objectives like repayment of debt and increased asset value,
Securitization and debt recovery ii reviseUjjwal 'Shanu'
The document discusses the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 which was passed to facilitate speedy adjudication of matters relating to recovery of debts owed to banks and financial institutions. It established Debt Recovery Tribunals and Appellate Tribunals across India for this purpose. The criteria for setting up DRTs depends on the volume of cases in an area. Banks and financial institutions can file applications to the DRT for recovery of debts, following the procedures laid out in the Act. Orders passed by the DRT can be appealed to the Appellate Tribunal.
This document summarizes the key concepts around bail based on the given legal framework. It defines bail as the release of an accused person from custody before trial, on the condition that they appear for trial. There are different types of bail discussed - interim bail granted for a short period, anticipatory bail to prevent arrest, and regular bail after arrest. Guidelines are provided for granting anticipatory bail based on the likelihood and reason for arrest. Conditions can be imposed on bail and it can be cancelled if abused, such as threatening witnesses. Overall the document analyzes the legal concepts and types of bail from the given jurisdiction.
The document discusses the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993, which was passed to facilitate the speedy adjudication of matters relating to recovery of debts owed to banks and financial institutions. It established Debt Recovery Tribunals and Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunals across India to handle such cases. The tribunals have similar powers to civil courts and follow procedures to allow banks/FIs to file applications, defendants to respond, and include provisions for appeals, interim orders, and debt recovery. As of now, there are 29 DRTs and 5 DRATs constituted across the country to help banks/FIs recover bad debts efficiently.
The document discusses provisions related to staying the execution of a decree or order under Order 21 Rule 5 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It provides that an appellate court may order a stay of proceedings under a decree or execution of the decree. It also outlines the conditions that must be satisfied for a stay to be granted, including that there was no unreasonable delay in applying, substantial loss would result without a stay, and the applicant has provided security for performing the decree. The document also discusses related provisions around staying execution by appellate courts and executing courts.
The document summarizes key aspects of Italian bankruptcy law regarding "Concordato Preventivo Proceeding" (CPP), an insolvency process that allows distressed companies to negotiate debts under court supervision.
Section 168 provides an "automatic stay" that prevents creditors from enforcing or continuing claims against the debtor's assets from when the CPP petition is filed until the plan is confirmed. Section 184 makes the confirmed CPP plan binding on pre-filing creditors, though they can still pursue jointly liable entities or guarantors. The document distinguishes between pre-filing and post-filing claims and how they are treated under the CPP.
This document provides the arrangement of sections for The Limitation Act, 1963 in India. It includes 5 parts with sections on:
1) Preliminary matters like the short title and definitions.
2) Limitation of suits, appeals and applications including provisions around legal disability, continuous running of time, and suits against trustees.
3) Computation of the period of limitation and exclusions of time for legal proceedings, when leave to appeal as pauper is sought, and when proceeding in a court without jurisdiction.
4) Acquisition of ownership by possession including prescription and extinguishment of rights.
5) Miscellaneous provisions including savings, provisions for suits with shorter periods, and provisions for barred or
The general rule is that statutes apply prospectively unless retroactive intent is clearly expressed. Exceptions include procedural laws and curative statutes. Procedural laws refer to court rules and are generally applied retroactively. However, retroactivity will not be allowed if it impairs vested rights or involves due process issues. Curative statutes cure defects in existing laws and can also apply retroactively unless vested rights are impaired.
This document outlines the guidelines for when injunctions are proper or prohibited according to Philippine law. It provides details on the requisites for granting a writ of preliminary injunction, including that the invasion of rights must be material, the complainant's right must be clear, and an injunction is necessary to prevent serious damage. Exceptions allow for injunctions to maintain orderly law administration, avoid multiple cases, protect constitutional rights, or question the validity of statutes or ordinances.
The document provides an overview of security of payment claims under the NSW Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999. It outlines the key steps if a party is served with a security of payment claim, including serving a payment schedule within 10 days and potential adjudication of the claim if payment is withheld. The summary also details what should be included in payment claims, payment schedules, adjudication applications and responses to adhere to the strict time limits under the Act.
The document provides an overview of proposed reforms to civil procedure rules in the Supreme Court, including:
1) Significant proposed reforms include enacting an Overriding Objective, reforms to case management, expert evidence, costs regime, and settlement offers.
2) Key terminology is defined that is changing, such as replacing writs with claim forms and pleadings with statements of case.
3) Fixed date claims and the procedures for them are outlined.
1) Enforcing foreign arbitral awards in India can involve delays, as the court must first determine that the award is valid and enforceable before deeming it a decree. This requires separate legal proceedings.
2) Once deemed a decree, the award can then be executed according to civil procedure code, which allows many opportunities for delays through notices, objections, and stays.
3) The author argues that arbitration is meant to provide speedy dispute resolution, but execution according to the civil procedure code can take decades and defeat this purpose. Simpler and stricter penal consequences for non-compliance could help ensure awards are enforced in a timely manner.
Execution and enforcement of judgment and order
Writ of seizure and sale
Stay of Execution
WRIT OF POSSESSION
WRIT OF DELIVERY
GENERAL RULES IN RESPECT OF WRIT OF EXECUTION
ENFORCEMENT OF MONEY JUDGEMENT
GARNISHEE PROCEEDINGS
CHARGING ORDERS TO STOP ORDER
APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVER (O51)
JUDGMENT DEBTOR SUMMONS
COMMITAL
WRIT OF DISTRESS
This document provides an overview of the Limitation Act of 1963 in India. It discusses:
1) The key features and objectives of limitation acts, which aim to restrict legal actions to a fixed period of time to avoid uncertainty and promote finality of litigation.
2) The salient features of the Indian Limitation Act of 1963, including that it covers suits, appeals, and applications and divides these into 10 parts. It prescribes different limitation periods ranging from 1 to 30 years for different types of legal matters.
3) An overview of the scheme of the Act and how it divides suits into 10 classes and sets limitation periods for suits, appeals, and applications in different articles. It also discusses how suits,
ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGEMENTS AND ORDERS
Writ of seizure and sale
Stay of Execution
WRIT OF POSSESSION
WRIT OF DELIVERY
ENFORCEMENT OF MONEY JUDGEMENT
GARNISHEE PROCEEDINGS
CHARGING ORDERS TO STOP ORDER
APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVER (O51)
JUDGMENT DEBTOR SUMMONS
WRIT OF DISTRESS
The Specific Relief of Act 1877
The Law of Limitation Act, 1908
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037
This document discusses limitation of suits, appeals, and applications under Indian law. It provides rules around when suits can be dismissed due to exceeding the statutory limitation period, as well as exceptions to this. Specifically, it allows for extensions to the limitation period for legal disabilities like minority, insanity, or idiocy. It also discusses rules for multiple plaintiffs with disabilities, pre-emption rights, continuous running of limitation unless administration letters are granted, and suits against trustees. The document is divided into sections outlining these various rules and exceptions to the normal limitation period.
Similar to Civil Procedure Code of 1908 Which is ba (20)
In the intricate tapestry of life, connections serve as the vibrant threads that weave together opportunities, experiences, and growth. Whether in personal or professional spheres, the ability to forge meaningful connections opens doors to a multitude of possibilities, propelling individuals toward success and fulfillment.
Eirini is an HR professional with strong passion for technology and semiconductors industry in particular. She started her career as a software recruiter in 2012, and developed an interest for business development, talent enablement and innovation which later got her setting up the concept of Software Community Management in ASML, and to Developer Relations today. She holds a bachelor degree in Lifelong Learning and an MBA specialised in Strategic Human Resources Management. She is a world citizen, having grown up in Greece, she studied and kickstarted her career in The Netherlands and can currently be found in Santa Clara, CA.
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• Enhanced Resource Accessibility: We are working on a new, user-friendly resource page that will make it easier for members to access training materials and real-world application guides.
• Structured Mentorship Program: Plans are underway to launch a mentorship program that will connect members with experienced professionals for guidance and support.
• Increased Networking Opportunities: Expect to see more frequent and varied networking events, both virtual and in-person, to help you build connections and foster a sense of community.
Moving Forward
We are committed to turning your feedback into actionable solutions that enhance your PMI journey. This workshop was just the beginning. By actively participating and sharing your experiences, you have helped shape the future of our Chapter’s offerings.
Thank you to everyone who attended and contributed to the success of the Community Skill Builders Workshop. Your engagement and enthusiasm are what make our Chapter strong and vibrant. Stay tuned for updates on the new initiatives and opportunities to get involved. Together, we are building a community that supports and empowers each other on our PMI journeys.
Stay connected, stay engaged, and let’s continue to grow together!
About PMI Silver Spring Chapter
We are a branch of the Project Management Institute. We offer a platform for project management professionals in Silver Spring, MD, and the DC/Baltimore metro area. Monthly meetings facilitate networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development. For more, visit pmissc.org.
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Leadership Ambassador club Adventist modulekakomaeric00
Aims to equip people who aspire to become leaders with good qualities,and with Christian values and morals as per Biblical teachings.The you who aspire to be leaders should first read and understand what the ambassador module for leadership says about leadership and marry that to what the bible says.Christians sh
1. Time Doesn't Stop: Understanding
Continuous Running in the Limitation Act
A Guide to Continuous Running and Suspension:
Understanding Time Limits under the Limitation Act 1908
Overview:
The Limitation Act is a statute that sets out the time limits within which legal proceedings must be
brought in relation to a specific cause of action.
2. In general, the Limitation Act aims to ensure that legal disputes are resolved promptly and that the
passage of time does not undermine the integrity of legal proceedings. One of the key provisions of
the Limitation Act is the concept of "continuous running of time." This refers to the idea that the time
limit for bringing a legal claim begins to run from the date that the cause of action arises, and
continues to run until the claim is brought or until it is barred by the expiration of the time limit.
Basis of Section 9 of Limitation Act:
This section is founded on the general principle that when once limitation has commenced running, it
will continue to do so unless it is stopped by virtue of any express statutory provisions. Once the
period of limitation commences it cannot be stopped or be avoided by introducing another cause of
action or relief in the suit or by reformulating them
Continuous Running of Time U/S 9 LIMITATION ACT :
The rule as to the continuous running of time is one of the fundamental principles of the law of
limitation, this rule says that where once time has begun to run, it runs continuously and without any
break or interruption until the entire prescribed period has run out, and no disability or inability to sue,
occurring subsequently to the commencement will stop it running. This rule is embodied in section 9 of
the Act which applies to suits as well as applications although the words used are inability to sue.
Scope of Section 9:
Section 9 is based on the general principle that once time has begun to run, it will continue to do so
unless stopped by virtue of any express statutory provision. Section 9 does not affect any exemption
from the limitation which may operate without stopping time from running.
ESSENTIALS OF SECTION 9 OF THE LIMITATION ACT:
(i) Time Has Begun to Run:
For the applicability of section 9, it is necessary that time has begun to run. Generally, the time begins
to run when the cause of action accrues and the true test to determine when the cause of action has
accrued is to ascertain the time when the plaintiff could have first maintained his action to a successful
result.
(ii) Disability or Inability to Sue:
3. This includes disability to make applications for execution as well. Disability means the want of legal
qualification to act and inability means the want of physical power to act. This disability is the state of
being a minor insane or an idiot, whereas illness, poverty, etc. are instances of inability
(iii) Subsequent Disability or Inability:
To apply this section. it is necessary that the disability or inability must accrue subsequent to the
cause of action.
(iv) Disability or Inability of Plaintiff:
The expression disability or inability to sue refers to something which pertains to the plaintiff.
The Proviso of section 9 of the Limitation Act:
The proviso applies only to an Administrator under the grant of letters where he is a debtor of the
deceased. It does not apply to a case where there has been a fusion of interests of the mortgagor and
the mortgagee in the same person.
if a creditor (a person or entity to whom a debt is owed) passes away and the debtor (the person or
entity who owes the debt) is appointed as the administrator of the creditor's estate, the time limit for
the debtor to bring a legal action to recover the debt is suspended while the administration of the
estate continues. In other words, if the creditor dies and the debtor is appointed to manage the
creditor's estate, the debtor will not need to worry about the time limit for bringing legal action to
recover the debt expiring while the estate is being settled. This provision is intended to allow the
debtor to focus on managing the creditor's estate in a fair and orderly manner, without the added
pressure of having to worry about the time limit for recovering the debt.
Example of the Proviso:
Suppose that a person (the creditor) is owed a debt by another person (the debtor). The creditor
passes away, and the debtor is granted letters of administration to the creditor's estate.
Under the proviso, the time limit for bringing a legal claim to recover the debt is suspended while the
administration of the creditor's estate continues. This means that the time limit for bringing the claim
will not begin to run until the administration of the estate is completed.
For example, if the time limit for bringing a claim to recover the debt is six years, and the
administration of the creditor's estate takes three years to complete, the debtor will have an additional
4. three years to bring the claim once the administration is finished.
It is worth noting that this proviso only applies in situations where the creditor's estate is being
administered by the debtor. If the creditor's estate is being administered by someone else (such as a
different family member or a professional administrator), the time limit for bringing a claim to recover
the debt will not be suspended.
Exceptions to The Rule of Continuous Running of Time Under Section 9
Letters of Administration
According to the proviso to section 9, where letters of administration to the estate of a creditor are
granted to his debtor, the running of the time prescribed for a suit to recover the debt shall be
suspended, while the administration continues.
Principle Of The Proviso:
The principle of the proviso is that when the right to sue and the right to be sued vest and unite by any
act of law in the same person, the running of the time will be suspended during such union of rights.
(ii) Period of Limitation Prescribed For Appeal Or Application :
In computing the period of limitation prescribed for an appeal, an application for leave to appeal, and
an application for a review of the judgment, the time requisite for obtaining a copy of the decree,
sentence, or order appealed from or sought to be reviewed shall be excluded. Likewise, in the case of
an application to set aside an award, the time requisite for obtaining a copy of the award shall be
excluded.
(iii) Absence of Defendant:
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5. In computing the period of limitation prescribed for any suit, the time during which the defendant has
been absent from Pakistan and from the territories beyond Pakistan, under the administration of the
Federal Government Shall be excluded.
(iv) Court Without Jurisdiction:
In computing the period of limitation prescribed for any suit or application, the time during which the
plaintiff or applicant has been prosecuting with due diligence another civil proceeding, against the
same party in good faith in a court having no jurisdiction, shall be excluded.
Case Law: (2002 SCMR 144]
Provision of section 14 of Limitation Act, 1908 applies to a case where the court by its own order has
terminated the suit or proceedings on the ground that it has no jurisdiction to entertain it or that there
is some other cause of like nature which makes it impossible for the court to entertain it.
(v) Suspension of Proceedings Under Injunction or Order:
When an injunction order has been obtained to stay the institution of a suit. In computing the period of
limitation prescribed for any suit or application for the execution of a decree, the institution or
execution of which has been stayed by injunction or order, the time of the continuance of the
injunction or order, the day on which it was issued or made and the day on which it was withdrawn
shall be excluded.
(vi) Period of Notice:
When notice has been given before the institution of the suit in accordance with the law. The limitation
shall be suspended during the period of notice. In computing, the period of limitation prescribed for
any suit of which notice has been given in accordance with the requirements of any enactment for the
time being in force, the period of such notice shall be excluded.
(vii) Suit for Possession:
In a suit for possession by a purchaser at the execution of the sale, the limitation shall be suspended
during the time for which the proceeding to set aside the sale has been prosecuted The period of
limitation for a suit for possession by an auction purchaser shall be suspended during the time for
which the proceedings to set aside the sale have been prosecuted.
6. Suspension Or Modi�cation of The Ordinary Law of Limitation:
There is no principle of law outside the Limitation Act under which limitation can be suspended and
exemptions, which are not provided by the statute, can be assumed either on grounds of hardships or
of reasonableness.
However, the Courts do recognize the general principle of suspension of limitation and right of action
in cases where a party is prevented under certain circumstances from taking action in pursuance of
his rights. In each case, the Court is to find out if there are any special circumstances that can
suspend or modify the ordinary law of limitation as applicable to a particular case.
For example:
• (i): Where the rights of the litigant have been duly set aside and thereafter the decision is
reserved.
• (i) Where the decree is in such a form and the circumstances are such that it is incapable of
execution except on the happening of certain events.
• (ii) Whereby some provisions of enactment, the institution of the suit or the making of application
has been suspended.
• (iv) Where the execution of the decree has been suspended by no act or default of the decree-
holder.
• (v) Where the rights of the parties have been determined by passing a criminal decree in a
partition action and then the party takes no steps.
• (vi) Where the rights of the parties to have the number of mesne profits calculated or determined
by a decree and the applicants take no further steps.
• (vii) Where a collateral proceeding decided in the meantime prevents the reaping of fruit.
Cases in Which Limitation Is Interrupted:
• (i) Continuing Bleach:
• In the case of a continuing breach of contract and in the case of a continuing wrong
independent of the contract, a fresh period of limitation begins to run at every moment of
the time during which the breach or the wrong, as the case may be, continues
• (ii) Payment: Where payment on account of a debt or of interest on a legacy is made
before the expiration of the prescribed period by the person liable to pay the debt or
legacy, or by his duly authorized agent, a fresh period of limitation shall be computed from
the time when the payment was made
• (iii) Receipt of Mortgage:
7. • Receipt of the produce of mortgage land by the mortgage in possession.
• (iv) Written Acknowledgement: Written acknowledgment of liability signed by the
defendant.
Cases in Which Limitation is Extended::
(i) Court’s Holiday:
Where the court is closed when the period of limitation expires.
(ii) Court’s Satisfaction:
Where the appellant satisfied the court that he has sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within
the period of limitation.
Cases in Which Limitations Do Not Run at All: (Section 10)
Suits against express trustees and their representatives.
No suit against a person in whom property has become vested in trust for any specific purpose, or
against his legal representatives or assigns (not being assigned for valuable consideration), for the
purpose of following in his or their hands such property or the proceeds thereof, or for an account of
such property or proceeds, shall be barred by any length of time. In such a case limitation does not
run at all.
CONCLUSION:
To conclude that the rule of section 9 of the Limitation Act, of 1908 says that once time has begun to
run, it continues to do so until the entire prescribed period has run out. This rule of section 9 is
applicable to suits as well as applications. This rule is subject to certain exceptions where time may be
suspended for a certain time. These are, however, certain circumstances which suspend interrupt or
extend the run of the limitation and there are certain cases where the limitation does not run at all
Relevant important questions from the examination point of view:
Explain the statement When time starts running it shall not be stopped by a subsequent
event.
Discuss the law of continuation of the limitation period.