1. Child care from a global perspective
Group members
Donna Gallimore
Catarina Jovita
Vesna Adamova
Edward Tolin
Bora Hwang
Sultana Sanjida
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2. • Introduction
• Types of childcare
• History/Evolution of service
• Underlying philosophy
• Availability
• Accessibility
• Role of ECE / training
• Video
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3. Types of Childcare System
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4. Age Ranges
Ontario Japan
• Infants • Infants
: 0 month to 18 months : 0 month to 18months
• Toddlers • Toddlers
: 18 months to 2 ½ years : 18 months 2 ½ or 3years
• Preschool/kindergarten
• Preschool
: 3 years to 6years
: 2 1/2years to 5 years
• Elementary school
• School age
: 6 years to 12years
: 6 years to 12years

5. Types of childcare system
Ontario Japan
Licensed Formal
• Kindergartens
• Childcare centres - Public-run and private-run, both licensed by
- 3months to 12years Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science
and Technology (MEXT)
- Full-time programs and five days a week - 3years to 5years
- By the province of Ontario - most are part-time
- Must meet the Day Nurseries Standards - focus on education
• Daycare centers
• Home childcare - Licensed by Ministry of Health, Labor and
- 0 to 12 years Welfare (MHLW)
- Licensed centers can be Public-run or private-
- by agencies run
- by nannies, au-pairs, or friends and family - Non-licensed centers do exist and are not under
MHLW
- 0 to 5years
- Most are full-time

6. Types of childcare system
Ontario Japan
Unlicensed Informal
• Nursery school
- 2 to 5 years • Non-licensed home
- focus on learning experience care/after-school
- most 6 to 12 years
• After-school and Recreation
- 6 to 12 years - focus on studying
- such as YMCA, Community center
• Family Resource Program
• Nanny
- focus on supporting parents and caregivers - part-time or full-time
:playgroups, drop-ins, resources, toy lending - by agency
libraries.etc.

7. History
• The first kindergarten opened in 1876. • The first kindergarten opened here in 1882.The
first public school opened in Kitchener, Ontario
• School year starts in April and ends in March which in January 1857.
started around 1900.
• School year starts in September and ends in
• There are special places set up for children who are ill. June
Since 1994, about 500 have been built. The government
had planned to increase that number to about 1500 by
• IBM has on-site daycare in Markham,Ontario
2009.
• In-house daycare has been established since 2011 at
IBM in Japan
Suddaby Public School
-First public school in Ontario
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8. School buses and school zone sign in Japan
School buses and school zone sign in Ontario
• .
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9. Lunch time
• Lunch time • In Ontario kids bring or buy their own lunches.
• In Japan schools, the students are taught to do
things themselves. They clean their school, and
Some go home for lunch .
make and serve their own lunches . They are
very concerned with germs , so the kids serving
the food use face masks.
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10. Earthquake drills are held once a
month in Japan schools
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11. Old school Japan Old School Ontario
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12. Daycare and schools in Japan
The way it is now
School uniforms are worn there
Native dress is worn for special occasions
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13. Kumon
started in Japan
• Kumon expanded to Ontario in 1980.
Kumon English Program (for native
Japanese speakers) was launched. The
Kumon Recommended Reading List was
prepared. First Kumon Center opened in
Toronto, Canada (Mrs. Kishibe)
• In 1954 Toru Kumon began to teach his eldest
son, who was having problems in mathematics
at school. Kumon developed the Kumon
Method. In 1958, he founded the Kumon
Institute of Education after which Kumon
Centers began to open around the world.
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14. Japan’s relationship with Ontario
Official state visit to Canada commemorating the 80 year
relationship between the two countries
Title: The Emperor And Empress Of Japan Visit The
Hospital For SickKids In Toronto
Emperor Akihito (L) and Empress Michiko of Japan admire the bouquet of flowers presented to them by young children in the Reading
Room at the Hospital for SickKids in Toronto, Canada on July 9, 2009. The Imperial Couple's stop at the hospital was part of their
official state visit to Canada commemorating the 80-year relationship between the two countries.
UPI Photo/Christine Chew Source Citation (MLA 7th Edition) "The Emperor And Empress Of Japan Visit The Hospital For SickKids In
Toronto." UPI Photo Collection. United Press International, 2010. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 9 Feb. 2013.
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15. Underlying Philosophy
Ontario Japan
• Children learn through play • Play has essential role in
children’s development
• Children are the center of
the learning curriculum • “Child centered education”
• Children’s families are • “Omoiyari” refers to
encouraged to actively cooperation
participate

16. Underlying philosophy
Ontario Japan
Some of the philosophical • International philosophical
approaches: approaches:
• High Scope Montessori, High Scope
• Reggio Emilia and Reggio Emilia
• Montessori
• Behaviorist • Japanese traditional
Kodomeon philosophy
• Thematic

17. Availability in Japan:
•In Japan there is high demand for child care, but there is not enough resources to supply the demand
•There are long waiting list in the public and private sector.
•Japan government estimates 46, 000 children are on waiting list to get into day care, you must convince the ward
office that you are desperate if not you remain at the back of the line.
• There is a higher demand than supply.
Availability in Ontario:
•In Ontario there is high demand for child care
•In public and private sector there are long waiting list, but not so high like in Japan
•In Ontario the demand is higher while the supply is low
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18. Accessibility
Ontario
 Licensed Child Care Centres
 Licensed Home Child Care Centre
Japan
 Authorized Day Care centre
 Non-registered Day Care centre

19. Ontario
Licensed Day Care
• Most of them have subsidy
• Depends on the family income
• 0-12 years of age
• Must meet Day Nursery Act
• Private Day Care centre are privately owned and
operated

20. Japan
 Publicly-funded, publicly- managed
 Publicly-funded, Privately- managed
 Privately-funded, Privately- managed

21. Japan
 Publicly-funded, publicly- managed
• Government subsidy
• Depends on family income
• “Minimum standards for child welfare facilities” ”
Government Act
Publicly-funded, Privately- managed
• Government certified centre
• Facilities standards are higher than city run
centre.

22. Japan
 Privately-funded, Privately- managed
• Run by private sector
• Longer hour, six days a week
• Not regulated by the government
• Standards are usually higher
• Parents usually have higher income
• http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/reports/market/pd
f/200

23. •Designing and implementing curriculum and standards
•Improving qualifications, training and working conditions
•Engaging families and communities
•Advancing data collection, research and monitoring
•Setting out quality goals and regulations
• http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/JAPAN%20policy%20profile%20-%20published%2028-09-2012.pdf
Create a framework for good programs and curriculum
•Encourage children to develop in all development and domain
•Maintain healthy and safety policies and procedures
•Meet each individual child’s basic needs
•Partner with parents
•Designing and implementing curriculum and standards
( Cox, Class note, week 4 page: 2)
http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v1n2/holloway.html 23

24. ECE need to get Certificate in two ways:
1- Finish 4 years education and get 124credits for level 1 certificate
2- Finish 2 years education and get 62 credits for level 2 certificate
http://www.slideshare.net/chenvivian/child-care-in-japan3
Here we have two ways to become a Child study leader
1- ECE needs to finish two academic years of education to get Diploma
2- ECL need to Finish 4 academic years for periods of 8 months to have Bachelor of Early Childhood
Leadership
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25. 終わり
The End
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26. Bibliography
• Bibliography
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_care
• http://sjls.ca/en/?page_id=8
• http://www.ipss.go.jp/webj-ad/webjournal.files/population/2003_6/15.Zou.pdf
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten#Japan
• http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/JAPAN%20policy%20profile%20-%20published%2028-09-2012.pdf
• http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v1n2/holloway.html
• http://www.slideshare.net/chenvivian/child-care-in-japan3
• http://www.oeyc.ca/pdf%20files/Every%20Child%20Every%20Opportunity.pdf
• http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/childcare/oelf/continuum/continuum.pdf
• http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2011/09/01/7553990-earthquake-drills-for-school-children-in-japan?lite
• oldjapanphoto.wordpress.comwafuworks.blogspot.com
• The inquiry.ca
• Kumon-method.html
• Title: The Emperor And Empress Of Japan Visit The Hospital For SickKids In Toronto
• Source: UPI Photo Collection.
• Document Type: Photograph
• Class Notes Week 4
• Class Notes Week 5
• EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, An international encyclopaedia, Edited by Rebeca S. New and Moncrieff Cochran
2007
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27. SUMMARY SHEET
Child care in Japan Child care in Ontario
There are private schools called vochien for higher income children. The There are private and public schools in Ontario. For younger ages in the
majority of children go to hoikuen which is full-day government subsidized. form of daycare centers with infant/toddler/preschool ages. Kindergarten is
Schooling is not mandatory until Grade 1. optional . Mandatory schooling begins in Grade 1.
The Japanese school year begins in April and runs until late March with Ontario’s elementary school year run from September to late June with
summer and winter breaks in between. winter break and March break in between.
A need for more affordable child care exists. Supply does not meet demand. Subsidized spaces are hard to come by and waiting lists are long.
There are facilities in Japan set up primarily for taking care of sick children There are no facilities in Ontario set up to cater to sick children
IBM operates an in-house child care center in Tokyo, Japan IBM operates an on-site daycare center in Markham, Ontario
ECE EDUCATION TRAINING in Japan ECE EDUCATION TRAINING in Ontario
ECE need to get Certificate in two ways: Here we have two ways to become a Child study leader
1- Finish 4 years education and get 124credits for level 1 certificate 1- ECE need to finish two academic years of education to get Diploma
2- Finish 2 years education and get 62 credits for level 2 certificate 2- ECL need to Finish 4 academic years for periods of 8 months to have
Bachelor of Early Childhood Leadership
Some preschools are set up based on religion - Buddhist, Christian, etc. Pre-schools in Ontario generally are non-sectarian and generally inclusive.
In Japan schools, the students are taught to do things themselves. They In Ontario, children are responsible for bringing their own lunches from
clean their school, and make and serve their own lunches. Each class is sent home to school.
to go pick up their own food
•In Japan there is high demand for child care, but there is not enough •In Ontario there is high demand for child care
resources to supply the demand •In public and private sector there are long waiting list, but not so high like
•There are long waiting list in the public and private sector. in Japan
•There is a higher demand than supply •In Ontario the demand is higher while the supply is low
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28. Summary sheet
Child care in Japan Child care in Ontario
In Japans’ case, starting from age of 4, the children begin focusing seriously In Canada, between preschool age of 2 ½ years to 5 years, they focus on
on school subjects such as Mathematics and Language development. social and physical development.
The childcare system in Japan is divided between formal and informal The childcare system in Canada is mainly divided between licensed and
system. Kindergartens and daycare centers belong to a formal system. unlicensed system. There are 2 types of licensed childcare system, childcare
Kindergarten can be publicly or privately run but both are licensed by center and home care. Unlicensed system focuses mainly on after school
Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology activities such as YMCA, Community Centres and other recreational clubs.
(MEXT). But daycare centres are licensed by Japan’s Ministry of Health,
Labour and Welfare (MHLW). Informal systems in Japan are simply divided
between nanny care and after school private tutoring.
Underlying philosophy of the Early Childhood education in Japan is based on Underlying philosophy of the Early Childhood Education in Ontario is
two models. reflection of values, beliefs, high standards in curriculum programming,
One is called “education through play” or “child centered education”. principles and philosophical approaches. Children are the center of the
Japanese believe that children can learn through play and the play has learning curriculum; they are active participants, encouraged by their
essential role in children’s development. educators.
Another model is based on some parents believes that children need to learn
through direct instructions in numeracy, literacy and instrumental music.
Kumon developed the Kumon Method. In 1956, Kumon opened Kumon expanded to Canada in 1980. Kumon English Program
the first Kumon Center in Osaka, Japan with the help of parents (for native Japanese speakers) was launched. The Kumon
who were interested in the Method. In 1958, he founded the Recommended Reading List was prepared. First Kumon Center
Kumon Institute of Education , after which Kumon Centers opened in Toronto, Canada (Mrs. Kishibe)
began to open around the world
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