1) Svante Arrhenius developed the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases which states that acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water and bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. 2) According to the theory, acids and bases neutralize each other through reactions that produce salt and water. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) produces H+ ions in water while ammonia (NH3) produces OH- ions in water, and their neutralization reaction yields salt and water. 3) The Arrhenius theory provides definitions for acids and bases based on the ions they produce when dissolved in water.

1. ACID BASE THEORY BASED ON ARRHENIUS<br />Svante August Arrhenius was born on February 19, 1859, the son of Svante Gustaf Arrhenius and Carolina Christina Thunberg. His father was a land surveyor employed by the University of Uppsala and in charge of its estates at Vik. The family moved to Uppsala in 1860. He was educated at the Cathedral school. From an early age he has been good in mathematical and physics stuffs. In 1876 he entered the University of Uppsala, studying math's, chemistry and physics.<br />Acids are something that tastes sour and can be find everyday in our daily life; such as orange, lemons and even in our stomach.<br />There are two kinds of acids, which are “organic acids” like orange and lemons, and “mineral acids” like nitric acid and sulphuric acid. Organic acids are natural, mineral acids are man-made.<br />ACID: Substance that produces H+1 in water. <br />BASE: Substance that produces OH-1 in water.<br />HCl(aq)H+ + Cl- produces H+ in water. NH3(aq)NH4+ + OH- produces OH- in water. Although NH3 does not contain OH-1, hydroxide ions form when added to water. Arrhenius acid and base neutralize each other to produce salt and water.<br />