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Charge excess signature in the CODALEMA data

The document discusses the Codalema collaboration's research on radio detection of air showers above 10^16 eV in Nançay, France. It focuses on the analysis of Codalema2 data, confirming the geomagnetic origin of the air shower's electric field and presenting simulation results related to charge excess contributions and east-west asymmetries in radio signals. The study includes predictions for future data collection and modeling efforts to enhance understanding of high-energy cosmic ray interactions.

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Vincent Marin for the CODALEMA collaboration SUBATECH Nantes France ICRC 2011 Beijing 12/08/2011 China Charge excess signature in the CODALEMA data Interpretation with
CODALEMA, Nançay (France) Radio detection of air showers above 1016 eV Autonomous station CODALEMA3 CODALEMA2 1.6 km CODALEMA2 24 antennas (EW polarization) triggered by an array of 13 scintillators CODALEMA3 60 dual polarization antennas, self-trigger, in acquisition and deployment
CODALEMA, Nançay (France) Radio detection of air showers above 1016 eV Autonomous station CODALEMA3 CODALEMA2 1.6 km CODALEMA2 24 antennas (EW polarization) triggered by an array of 13 scintillators CODALEMA3 60 dual polarization antennas, self-trigger, in acquisition and deployment See A.Bellétoile’s talk on August 15, Monday
CODALEMA, Nançay (France) Radio detection of air showers above 1016 eV Autonomous station CODALEMA3 CODALEMA2 1.6 km CODALEMA2 24 antennas (EW polarization) triggered by an array of 13 scintillators CODALEMA3 60 dual polarization antennas, self-trigger, in acquisition and deployment See A.Bellétoile’s talk on August 15, Monday This presentation focus only on CODALEMA2 data
CODALEMA, Nançay (France) Direct confirmation of the geomagnetic origin of the air shower electric field CODALEMA Collaboration, Astropart.Phys. 31 (2009) E α n x B Sky map of radio-detected events EW component of n X B Zenith angular distribution Azimuth angular distribution Prediction data Prediction data n x B n x B
Simulation of ELectric Field from Air Shower e- e+ B • Geomagnetic mechanism contribution Due to Lorentz Force Charge separation Transverse current variation Maxwell equations Electric field e- e+
Simulation of ELectric Field from Air Shower e- e+ B • Geomagnetic mechanism contribution Due to Lorentz Force Charge separation Transverse current variation Maxwell equations Electric field • Charge excess contribution Electrons excess in the air shower Residual negative charge negative charge variation Maxwell equations Electric field e- e+
Simulation of ELectric Field from Air Shower e- e+ B • Geomagnetic mechanism contribution Due to Lorentz Force Charge separation Transverse current variation Maxwell equations Electric field • Charge excess contribution Electrons excess in the air shower Residual negative charge negative charge variation Maxwell equations Electric field Dominant, already observed Second order contribution, search for its signature in our data e- e+
Vertical event at CODALEMA 6 12 18 24 31 37 43 49 55 62 68 74 80 86 93 99 �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Θ�0° Φ�0° ���� � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � � �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� Antenna positions vertical shower, 1017 eV, 145 antennas Ground core position in (0,0) EW electric field absolute value on the ground x
Vertical event at CODALEMA 6 12 18 24 31 37 43 49 55 62 68 74 80 86 93 99 �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Θ�0° Φ�0° ���� � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � � �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� Antenna positions vertical shower, 1017 eV, 145 antennas Ground core position in (0,0) EW electric field absolute value on the ground x east-west asymmetry
Vertical event at CODALEMA 6 12 18 24 31 37 43 49 55 62 68 74 80 86 93 99 �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Θ�0° Φ�0° ���� � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � � �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� Antenna positions vertical shower, 1017 eV, 145 antennas Ground core position in (0,0) EW electric field absolute value on the ground x east-west asymmetry of the radio signal : consequence of the charge excess contribution Why? east-west asymmetry
Vertical event at CODALEMA 6 12 18 24 31 37 43 49 55 62 68 74 80 86 93 99 �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Θ�0° Φ�0° ���� � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � � �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� Antenna positions vertical shower, 1017 eV, 145 antennas Ground core position in (0,0) EW electric field absolute value on the ground x east-west asymmetry of the radio signal : consequence of the charge excess contribution Why? east-west asymmetry charge excess nXB total Destructive Constructive
Consequence of the charge excess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Dependence on arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B ! B = - 2 7 ° !=40° "=0° A i r S h o w e r �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
Consequence of the charge excess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction B West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South ! B = - 2 7 ° !=0° "=0° Air Shower �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
Consequence of the charge excess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B ! B = - 2 7 ° !=15° "=180° A i r S h o w e r �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
Consequence of the charge excess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B ! B = - 2 7 ° !=25° "=180° A i r S h o w e r �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
Consequence of the charge excess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B ! B = - 2 7 ° !=30° "=180° Air Shower �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
Consequence of the charge excess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B θ B = - 2 7 ° !=40° "=180° Air Shower �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
Consequence of the charge excess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B θ B = - 2 7 ° !=40° "=180° Air Shower �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Simulation suggests that the east-west shift of the apparent radio core depends on the arrival direction of the shower
Prediction for the CODALEMA statistics Simulation with SELFAS2 of 1017eV proton air showers following the CODALEMA stat: We need: • arrival directions • ground core positions
Prediction for the CODALEMA statistics Simulation with SELFAS2 of 1017eV proton air showers following the CODALEMA stat: We need: • arrival directions • ground core positions CODALEMA Obtained with particle detectors data Density map Sky maps of observed radio events. Monte Carlo sim. : (!,") and (Xcore,Ycore)
Prediction for the CODALEMA statistics Simulation with SELFAS2 of 1017eV proton air showers following the CODALEMA stat: CODALEMA array Simulation with SELFAS2.2 using � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �300 �200 �100 0 100 200 300 �200 �100 0 100 200 300 West East �m� South North �m� We need: • arrival directions • ground core positions CODALEMA Obtained with particle detectors data Density map Sky maps of observed radio events. Monte Carlo sim. : (!,") and (Xcore,Ycore)
Prediction for the CODALEMA statistics Simulation with SELFAS2 of 1017eV proton air showers following the CODALEMA stat: Event reconstruction with the CODALEMA analysis software Lateral profile E0.exp(-d/d0) 4 free parameters: E0, d0, XRcore, YRcore CODALEMA array Simulation with SELFAS2.2 using � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �300 �200 �100 0 100 200 300 �200 �100 0 100 200 300 West East �m� South North �m� We need: • arrival directions • ground core positions CODALEMA Obtained with particle detectors data Density map Sky maps of observed radio events. Monte Carlo sim. : (!,") and (Xcore,Ycore)
For each simulated event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core Reconstructed radio cores from simulation
For each simulated event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core Reconstructed radio cores from simulation #20 m Global shift of radio cores toward the east
For each simulated event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core Reconstructed radio cores from simulation #20 m Global shift of radio cores toward the east
For each simulated event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core Reconstructed radio cores from simulation #20 m Global shift of radio cores toward the east Without charge excess in SELFAS2 No radio cores shift
Particle shower cores Particle detector scintillators EW polarized antenna arrays Radio shower core = Scintillator T= Antenna EW T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T For each event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core What about the CODALEMA data... 315 reconstructed radio cores with respect to the particle shower core
Particle shower cores Particle detector scintillators EW polarized antenna arrays Radio shower core = Scintillator T= Antenna EW T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T For each event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core What about the CODALEMA data... 315 reconstructed radio cores with respect to the particle shower core CODALEMA data CODALEMA
Particle shower cores Particle detector scintillators EW polarized antenna arrays Radio shower core = Scintillator T= Antenna EW T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T For each event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core What about the CODALEMA data... 315 reconstructed radio cores with respect to the particle shower core CODALEMA data CODALEMA good agreement!!!
Particle shower cores Particle detector scintillators EW polarized antenna arrays Radio shower core = Scintillator T= Antenna EW T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T For each event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core What about the CODALEMA data... 315 reconstructed radio cores with respect to the particle shower core CODALEMA data CODALEMA good agreement!!! What about arrival direction dependence???
�0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ Simulation SELFAS2 Dependence on arrival direction !core West-east v x B
�0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ Simulation SELFAS2 Dependence on arrival direction � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ !core West-east v x B • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio and particles array Internal events vs CODALEMA data
�0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ Simulation SELFAS2 Dependence on arrival direction � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � � External events �Internal radio core, statistic x2� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ !core West-east v x B • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio and particles array Internal events vs CODALEMA data External events • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio array
�0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ Simulation SELFAS2 Dependence on arrival direction � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � � External events �Internal radio core, statistic x2� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ !core West-east v x B • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio and particles array Internal events vs CODALEMA data External events • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio array close to GeoMag. Field (<15°) >80% of the statistics
Conclusion CODALEMA • a new observable has been identified as being an evidence of the charge excess mechanism in the air showers electric field in the MHz frequency domain • two different mechanims ! two different polarization patterns ! interferences ! displacement $c at the ground level of the maximum electric field location with respect to the maximum particle density location • $c depends on the shower arrival direction (checked for the EW polarization): good agreement between simulations with SELFAS2 and the CODALEMA data • this new observable should be measurable in AERA at the Pierre Auger observatory. • the charge excess fraction depends on the arrival direction and on the antenna location; for instance, for a vertical shower, the charge excess signal represents 20% of the total electric field

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Charge excess signature in the CODALEMA data

  • 1.
    Vincent Marin for theCODALEMA collaboration SUBATECH Nantes France ICRC 2011 Beijing 12/08/2011 China Charge excess signature in the CODALEMA data Interpretation with
  • 2.
    CODALEMA, Nançay (France) Radiodetection of air showers above 1016 eV Autonomous station CODALEMA3 CODALEMA2 1.6 km CODALEMA2 24 antennas (EW polarization) triggered by an array of 13 scintillators CODALEMA3 60 dual polarization antennas, self-trigger, in acquisition and deployment
  • 3.
    CODALEMA, Nançay (France) Radiodetection of air showers above 1016 eV Autonomous station CODALEMA3 CODALEMA2 1.6 km CODALEMA2 24 antennas (EW polarization) triggered by an array of 13 scintillators CODALEMA3 60 dual polarization antennas, self-trigger, in acquisition and deployment See A.Bellétoile’s talk on August 15, Monday
  • 4.
    CODALEMA, Nançay (France) Radiodetection of air showers above 1016 eV Autonomous station CODALEMA3 CODALEMA2 1.6 km CODALEMA2 24 antennas (EW polarization) triggered by an array of 13 scintillators CODALEMA3 60 dual polarization antennas, self-trigger, in acquisition and deployment See A.Bellétoile’s talk on August 15, Monday This presentation focus only on CODALEMA2 data
  • 5.
    CODALEMA, Nançay (France) Directconfirmation of the geomagnetic origin of the air shower electric field CODALEMA Collaboration, Astropart.Phys. 31 (2009) E α n x B Sky map of radio-detected events EW component of n X B Zenith angular distribution Azimuth angular distribution Prediction data Prediction data n x B n x B
  • 6.
    Simulation of ELectric Fieldfrom Air Shower e- e+ B • Geomagnetic mechanism contribution Due to Lorentz Force Charge separation Transverse current variation Maxwell equations Electric field e- e+
  • 7.
    Simulation of ELectric Fieldfrom Air Shower e- e+ B • Geomagnetic mechanism contribution Due to Lorentz Force Charge separation Transverse current variation Maxwell equations Electric field • Charge excess contribution Electrons excess in the air shower Residual negative charge negative charge variation Maxwell equations Electric field e- e+
  • 8.
    Simulation of ELectric Fieldfrom Air Shower e- e+ B • Geomagnetic mechanism contribution Due to Lorentz Force Charge separation Transverse current variation Maxwell equations Electric field • Charge excess contribution Electrons excess in the air shower Residual negative charge negative charge variation Maxwell equations Electric field Dominant, already observed Second order contribution, search for its signature in our data e- e+
  • 9.
    Vertical event atCODALEMA 6 12 18 24 31 37 43 49 55 62 68 74 80 86 93 99 �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Θ�0° Φ�0° ���� � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � � �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� Antenna positions vertical shower, 1017 eV, 145 antennas Ground core position in (0,0) EW electric field absolute value on the ground x
  • 10.
    Vertical event atCODALEMA 6 12 18 24 31 37 43 49 55 62 68 74 80 86 93 99 �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Θ�0° Φ�0° ���� � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � � �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� Antenna positions vertical shower, 1017 eV, 145 antennas Ground core position in (0,0) EW electric field absolute value on the ground x east-west asymmetry
  • 11.
    Vertical event atCODALEMA 6 12 18 24 31 37 43 49 55 62 68 74 80 86 93 99 �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Θ�0° Φ�0° ���� � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � � �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� Antenna positions vertical shower, 1017 eV, 145 antennas Ground core position in (0,0) EW electric field absolute value on the ground x east-west asymmetry of the radio signal : consequence of the charge excess contribution Why? east-west asymmetry
  • 12.
    Vertical event atCODALEMA 6 12 18 24 31 37 43 49 55 62 68 74 80 86 93 99 �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Θ�0° Φ�0° ���� � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � � �400 �200 0 200 400 �400 �200 0 200 400 West East �m� South North �m� Antenna positions vertical shower, 1017 eV, 145 antennas Ground core position in (0,0) EW electric field absolute value on the ground x east-west asymmetry of the radio signal : consequence of the charge excess contribution Why? east-west asymmetry charge excess nXB total Destructive Constructive
  • 13.
    Consequence of the chargeexcess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Dependence on arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B ! B = - 2 7 ° !=40° "=0° A i r S h o w e r �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
  • 14.
    Consequence of the chargeexcess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction B West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South ! B = - 2 7 ° !=0° "=0° Air Shower �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
  • 15.
    Consequence of the chargeexcess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B ! B = - 2 7 ° !=15° "=180° A i r S h o w e r �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
  • 16.
    Consequence of the chargeexcess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B ! B = - 2 7 ° !=25° "=180° A i r S h o w e r �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
  • 17.
    Consequence of the chargeexcess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B ! B = - 2 7 ° !=30° "=180° Air Shower �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
  • 18.
    Consequence of the chargeexcess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B θ B = - 2 7 ° !=40° "=180° Air Shower �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization
  • 19.
    Consequence of the chargeexcess contribution East-west asymmetry of the radio signal : Effect on event for different arrival direction West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Zenith North East South B θ B = - 2 7 ° !=40° "=180° Air Shower �200 �100 0 100 200 �200 �100 0 100 200 West East �m� South North �m� East�west polarization Simulation suggests that the east-west shift of the apparent radio core depends on the arrival direction of the shower
  • 20.
    Prediction for theCODALEMA statistics Simulation with SELFAS2 of 1017eV proton air showers following the CODALEMA stat: We need: • arrival directions • ground core positions
  • 21.
    Prediction for theCODALEMA statistics Simulation with SELFAS2 of 1017eV proton air showers following the CODALEMA stat: We need: • arrival directions • ground core positions CODALEMA Obtained with particle detectors data Density map Sky maps of observed radio events. Monte Carlo sim. : (!,") and (Xcore,Ycore)
  • 22.
    Prediction for theCODALEMA statistics Simulation with SELFAS2 of 1017eV proton air showers following the CODALEMA stat: CODALEMA array Simulation with SELFAS2.2 using � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �300 �200 �100 0 100 200 300 �200 �100 0 100 200 300 West East �m� South North �m� We need: • arrival directions • ground core positions CODALEMA Obtained with particle detectors data Density map Sky maps of observed radio events. Monte Carlo sim. : (!,") and (Xcore,Ycore)
  • 23.
    Prediction for theCODALEMA statistics Simulation with SELFAS2 of 1017eV proton air showers following the CODALEMA stat: Event reconstruction with the CODALEMA analysis software Lateral profile E0.exp(-d/d0) 4 free parameters: E0, d0, XRcore, YRcore CODALEMA array Simulation with SELFAS2.2 using � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �300 �200 �100 0 100 200 300 �200 �100 0 100 200 300 West East �m� South North �m� We need: • arrival directions • ground core positions CODALEMA Obtained with particle detectors data Density map Sky maps of observed radio events. Monte Carlo sim. : (!,") and (Xcore,Ycore)
  • 24.
    For each simulatedevent, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core Reconstructed radio cores from simulation
  • 25.
    For each simulatedevent, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core Reconstructed radio cores from simulation #20 m Global shift of radio cores toward the east
  • 26.
    For each simulatedevent, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core Reconstructed radio cores from simulation #20 m Global shift of radio cores toward the east
  • 27.
    For each simulatedevent, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core Reconstructed radio cores from simulation #20 m Global shift of radio cores toward the east Without charge excess in SELFAS2 No radio cores shift
  • 28.
    Particle shower cores Particle detector scintillators EWpolarized antenna arrays Radio shower core = Scintillator T= Antenna EW T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T For each event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core What about the CODALEMA data... 315 reconstructed radio cores with respect to the particle shower core
  • 29.
    Particle shower cores Particle detector scintillators EWpolarized antenna arrays Radio shower core = Scintillator T= Antenna EW T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T For each event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core What about the CODALEMA data... 315 reconstructed radio cores with respect to the particle shower core CODALEMA data CODALEMA
  • 30.
    Particle shower cores Particle detector scintillators EWpolarized antenna arrays Radio shower core = Scintillator T= Antenna EW T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T For each event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core What about the CODALEMA data... 315 reconstructed radio cores with respect to the particle shower core CODALEMA data CODALEMA good agreement!!!
  • 31.
    Particle shower cores Particle detector scintillators EWpolarized antenna arrays Radio shower core = Scintillator T= Antenna EW T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T For each event, the reference frame is centered on the ground particles shower core What about the CODALEMA data... 315 reconstructed radio cores with respect to the particle shower core CODALEMA data CODALEMA good agreement!!! What about arrival direction dependence???
  • 32.
    �0.5 0.0 0.51.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ Simulation SELFAS2 Dependence on arrival direction !core West-east v x B
  • 33.
    �0.5 0.0 0.51.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ Simulation SELFAS2 Dependence on arrival direction � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ !core West-east v x B • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio and particles array Internal events vs CODALEMA data
  • 34.
    �0.5 0.0 0.51.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ Simulation SELFAS2 Dependence on arrival direction � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � � External events �Internal radio core, statistic x2� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ !core West-east v x B • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio and particles array Internal events vs CODALEMA data External events • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio array
  • 35.
    �0.5 0.0 0.51.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ Simulation SELFAS2 Dependence on arrival direction � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 �200 �100 0 100 200 �v � B�East�West � c West�east �m� � � External events �Internal radio core, statistic x2� � Internal events — SELFAS2 �� SELFAS2 �Σ !core West-east v x B • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio and particles array Internal events vs CODALEMA data External events • Passing usual quality cuts • Internal to radio array close to GeoMag. Field (<15°) >80% of the statistics
  • 36.
    Conclusion CODALEMA • a newobservable has been identified as being an evidence of the charge excess mechanism in the air showers electric field in the MHz frequency domain • two different mechanims ! two different polarization patterns ! interferences ! displacement $c at the ground level of the maximum electric field location with respect to the maximum particle density location • $c depends on the shower arrival direction (checked for the EW polarization): good agreement between simulations with SELFAS2 and the CODALEMA data • this new observable should be measurable in AERA at the Pierre Auger observatory. • the charge excess fraction depends on the arrival direction and on the antenna location; for instance, for a vertical shower, the charge excess signal represents 20% of the total electric field