The document discusses the Crusades between the 11th and 13th centuries. It provides background on the role of the Church in Europe and the Muslim conquest of Palestine in the 7th century. Tensions increased as Christian pilgrims faced intolerance. In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade to retake Jerusalem and help the Byzantine Empire. Thousands of Europeans joined the Crusades for promises of salvation or wealth. The Crusades had short term effects like temporary land gains but weakened the pope's power in the long run. Europeans were exposed to Arab knowledge and culture.
The revolutions of 1848 saw widespread uprisings across Europe in response to social and economic tensions. In France, the February Revolution overthrew the monarchy and established the Second Republic. However, the new government struggled with internal divisions and was unable to address workers' demands, leading to further unrest. Across Central Europe, revolutions broke out in states like Germany and the Austrian Empire, but conservative forces were ultimately able to regain control with military force. While the revolutions initially failed in their goals, they did create lasting changes to political and social structures.
The document contains a quiz about Vietnam with questions in 5 categories: Geography & Culture, Key Figures, Ho Chi Minh, French War, and Pot Luck. The questions cover topics like the countries that made up French Indochina, important Vietnamese leaders like Ho Chi Minh and Vo Nguyen Giap, how the Viet Minh fought the French and Japanese, which countries supported North Vietnam, and key battles and events in the Vietnam War.
The document discusses the Crusades between the 11th and 13th centuries. It provides background on the role of the Church in Europe and the Muslim conquest of Palestine in the 7th century. Tensions increased as Christian pilgrims faced intolerance. In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade to retake Jerusalem and help the Byzantine Empire. Thousands of Europeans joined the Crusades for promises of salvation or wealth. The Crusades had short term effects like temporary land gains but weakened the pope's power in the long run. Europeans were exposed to Arab knowledge and culture.
The revolutions of 1848 saw widespread uprisings across Europe in response to social and economic tensions. In France, the February Revolution overthrew the monarchy and established the Second Republic. However, the new government struggled with internal divisions and was unable to address workers' demands, leading to further unrest. Across Central Europe, revolutions broke out in states like Germany and the Austrian Empire, but conservative forces were ultimately able to regain control with military force. While the revolutions initially failed in their goals, they did create lasting changes to political and social structures.
The document contains a quiz about Vietnam with questions in 5 categories: Geography & Culture, Key Figures, Ho Chi Minh, French War, and Pot Luck. The questions cover topics like the countries that made up French Indochina, important Vietnamese leaders like Ho Chi Minh and Vo Nguyen Giap, how the Viet Minh fought the French and Japanese, which countries supported North Vietnam, and key battles and events in the Vietnam War.
The document provides background information on the American Civil War. It discusses key events from 1861 to 1862, including major battles like Bull Run, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Antietam. It also summarizes the goals and strategies of the Union and Confederacy, such as the Union's Anaconda Plan to blockade Southern ports and split the Confederacy. Additionally, it covers the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, which freed enslaved people in Confederate states.
The document provides background information on Reconstruction plans after the Civil War. It discusses:
- Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan to bring Southern states back into the Union which required voter oaths and banning slavery. Congress opposed this plan.
- The Radical Republican's harsher Wade-Davis Bill which required a majority voter oath and banned Confederates from office. This bill did not become law.
- After Lincoln's assassination, Andrew Johnson had a less radical Reconstruction plan than Congress. This caused tensions between the branches of government.
- The Radicals gained power in 1866 and passed the Reconstruction Acts, dividing the South into military districts overseen by generals. This marked the start of Radical Reconstruction.
The document provides background information on the political conflicts over slavery in the United States leading up to the Civil War. It discusses several compromises made in an attempt to balance slave and free states, including the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. Tensions increased with the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed settlers to vote on slavery in the new territories and led to violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in "Bleeding Kansas." The Republican Party was formed in 1854 in opposition to the expansion of slavery.
The document summarizes social reforms that took place in the United States during the 1800s. It discusses the Second Great Awakening religious revival movement and the emergence of utopian communities. It also describes various reform efforts including the temperance movement, education reforms like the establishment of normal schools to train teachers, and reforms to help people with disabilities. The document outlines the development of transcendentalist literature and art during this period of social change in America.
1) In the early 1800s, many new technologies and industrial processes transformed manufacturing in the North. Factories used machinery and specialized workers to mass produce goods. Transportation also improved with canals, steamboats, railroads, and clipper ships connecting regions.
2) Working conditions in factories were difficult, with long hours, unsafe machinery, and no child labor laws. Workers joined unions and went on strikes to demand better treatment. Women and African Americans also faced discrimination.
3) Northern cities grew rapidly due to industrialization and large waves of European immigration, especially from Ireland and Germany fleeing famine and problems at home. However, some nativists opposed immigration, believing it threatened American jobs and culture.
- The document discusses the Oregon Country in the early 1800s, which included modern-day Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming. It was claimed by the United States, Great Britain, Spain, and Russia.
- Americans began migrating west to the Oregon Country in large numbers in the 1840s due to reports of fertile land and poor economic conditions back east. They traveled along routes like the Oregon Trail using covered wagons called "prairie schooners."
- The idea of "Manifest Destiny," that the US was destined to stretch from coast to coast, fueled American desires to control the Oregon Country and motivated politicians like James K. Polk during the 1844 presidential election.
1. Andrew Jackson's victory in the 1828 presidential election represented the rise of a new Democratic party and the decline of the old Democratic-Republican party.
2. The election highlighted divisions between those who favored a stronger federal government and those who favored states' rights. Jackson supported states' rights while Adams supported a stronger federal government.
3. Jackson's presidency made the American political system more democratic by expanding voting rights and replacing many government workers with political supporters through the spoils system.
1) New technologies like the cotton gin and interchangeable parts helped drive industrialization and economic growth in the early 1800s.
2) Cities grew along major rivers and canals as these transportation routes helped industry and trade flourish.
3) Improved transportation like steamboats, turnpikes, and the Erie Canal made moving goods and people across long distances faster and easier, further fueling economic expansion.
The document appears to be a textbook passage about the Jefferson era from 1801-1809. It discusses several key events:
- Thomas Jefferson was elected president in 1800, defeating John Adams in a contested election that went to the House of Representatives.
- Jefferson enacted policies to reduce the size and spending of the federal government. He also cut many taxes.
- In 1803, Jefferson approved the Louisiana Purchase, doubling the size of the United States by acquiring French-controlled territory west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
- Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the new western lands from 1804-1806, helping to encourage further western expansion.
The document summarizes the development of political parties during the Federalist Era in the United States. It explains that Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed on economic and foreign policy issues, as well as the degree of power held by the federal government. These disagreements led to the formation of the first two political parties - the Federalists led by Hamilton and the Republicans led by Jefferson. The election of 1796 was the first in which presidential candidates openly identified with political parties, with John Adams elected as the Federalist candidate and Thomas Jefferson becoming Vice President as the Republican candidate.
This document provides an overview of the key principles and structures established by the U.S. Constitution. It discusses the Constitution's establishment of popular sovereignty, a republican form of government, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and individual rights. It describes the three branches of government and their roles according to Articles I, II, and III of the Constitution. It also discusses citizens' rights, the process of amending the Constitution, and judicial review powers.
The document discusses the Articles of Confederation government and its weaknesses. It led to problems at home like Shays' Rebellion in Massachusetts as well as problems abroad regarding trade with Britain and control of the Mississippi River by Spain. Leaders realized changes were needed and convened the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 to draft a new constitution creating a stronger central government. Key compromises included proportional representation in the House but equal representation of two senators per state in the Senate.
The document provides background information on the American Revolution, including key battles, locations, dates, and opposing sides. It discusses early Patriot victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton in 1776, as well as the British capture of Philadelphia in 1777 and their defeat at the Battle of Saratoga under General Burgoyne. The summary also notes that the document will cover how the Patriots gained allies like France and Spain, the hard winter they faced at Valley Forge, and life on the home front during the Revolutionary War.
The document is a passage from a textbook about the growing tensions between the American colonies and Britain in the late 18th century. It discusses several key events:
1) In 1774, the First Continental Congress met to discuss colonial grievances with new British taxes and laws. This united the colonies in opposition to Britain.
2) In April 1775, the Battles of Lexington and Concord marked the first armed conflicts between colonial minutemen and British soldiers. This marked the unofficial start of the American Revolutionary War.
3) In June 1775, the Battle of Bunker Hill saw colonial forces engage British troops on Breed's Hill in a bloody battle that demonstrated the colonists' resolve
The document provides information about the economies and systems of government that developed in the American colonies. It discusses how geography influenced farming practices in the three main regions (New England, Middle, and Southern colonies). New England farmers mostly did subsistence farming due to poor soil and long winters. The Middle and Southern colonies grew cash crops like tobacco, rice, and wheat due to richer soil and warmer climates. Enslaved Africans were brought to the Southern colonies to work the large plantations and cash crops. The document also discusses how English principles of protected rights and representative government influenced the colonial governments, and how England instituted economic policies like mercantilism and the Navigation Acts to control trade.
The document provides background information on the colonial settlements of Roanoke, Jamestown, and the New England colonies. It discusses the founding of the Roanoke colony in 1585 and its mysterious disappearance. It then covers the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and the early struggles it faced before eventually succeeding through the growth of tobacco and alliances with local Powhatan people. Finally, it examines the founding of colonies in New England, including Plymouth colony by the Pilgrims in 1620 and the Massachusetts Bay colony by Puritans in 1629, as well as the establishment of other colonies like Connecticut and Rhode Island by dissenting Puritans seeking religious freedom.
1) Portugal led early European exploration in the 1400s, seeking new trade routes to Asia. Prince Henry established a school of navigation to aid exploration. Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487, and Vasco da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa in 1497.
2) Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492 hoping to reach Asia, but landed in the Americas instead. He incorrectly believed he had reached Asia and called the native people "Indians."
3) Spain funded Columbus's voyage seeking new trade routes and hoping to spread Christianity. His successful first voyage led to three more trips, establishing the first permanent European colony in the Americas.
The document summarizes the migration of early peoples to North and South America from Asia over 15,000 years ago. It describes how during the last ice age, lower sea levels exposed a land bridge called Beringia that connected Asia and Alaska. Many scientists believe the first Americans crossed this land bridge on foot, while others believe they arrived by boat. They hunted large ice age animals and eventually spread throughout the Americas. Around 10,000 years ago, some early Americans in Mexico began farming maize and other crops, leading them to establish permanent settlements and develop unique cultures across the Americas.
The document provides background information on the American Civil War. It discusses key events from 1861 to 1862, including major battles like Bull Run, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Antietam. It also summarizes the goals and strategies of the Union and Confederacy, such as the Union's Anaconda Plan to blockade Southern ports and split the Confederacy. Additionally, it covers the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, which freed enslaved people in Confederate states.
The document provides background information on Reconstruction plans after the Civil War. It discusses:
- Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan to bring Southern states back into the Union which required voter oaths and banning slavery. Congress opposed this plan.
- The Radical Republican's harsher Wade-Davis Bill which required a majority voter oath and banned Confederates from office. This bill did not become law.
- After Lincoln's assassination, Andrew Johnson had a less radical Reconstruction plan than Congress. This caused tensions between the branches of government.
- The Radicals gained power in 1866 and passed the Reconstruction Acts, dividing the South into military districts overseen by generals. This marked the start of Radical Reconstruction.
The document provides background information on the political conflicts over slavery in the United States leading up to the Civil War. It discusses several compromises made in an attempt to balance slave and free states, including the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. Tensions increased with the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed settlers to vote on slavery in the new territories and led to violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in "Bleeding Kansas." The Republican Party was formed in 1854 in opposition to the expansion of slavery.
The document summarizes social reforms that took place in the United States during the 1800s. It discusses the Second Great Awakening religious revival movement and the emergence of utopian communities. It also describes various reform efforts including the temperance movement, education reforms like the establishment of normal schools to train teachers, and reforms to help people with disabilities. The document outlines the development of transcendentalist literature and art during this period of social change in America.
1) In the early 1800s, many new technologies and industrial processes transformed manufacturing in the North. Factories used machinery and specialized workers to mass produce goods. Transportation also improved with canals, steamboats, railroads, and clipper ships connecting regions.
2) Working conditions in factories were difficult, with long hours, unsafe machinery, and no child labor laws. Workers joined unions and went on strikes to demand better treatment. Women and African Americans also faced discrimination.
3) Northern cities grew rapidly due to industrialization and large waves of European immigration, especially from Ireland and Germany fleeing famine and problems at home. However, some nativists opposed immigration, believing it threatened American jobs and culture.
- The document discusses the Oregon Country in the early 1800s, which included modern-day Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming. It was claimed by the United States, Great Britain, Spain, and Russia.
- Americans began migrating west to the Oregon Country in large numbers in the 1840s due to reports of fertile land and poor economic conditions back east. They traveled along routes like the Oregon Trail using covered wagons called "prairie schooners."
- The idea of "Manifest Destiny," that the US was destined to stretch from coast to coast, fueled American desires to control the Oregon Country and motivated politicians like James K. Polk during the 1844 presidential election.
1. Andrew Jackson's victory in the 1828 presidential election represented the rise of a new Democratic party and the decline of the old Democratic-Republican party.
2. The election highlighted divisions between those who favored a stronger federal government and those who favored states' rights. Jackson supported states' rights while Adams supported a stronger federal government.
3. Jackson's presidency made the American political system more democratic by expanding voting rights and replacing many government workers with political supporters through the spoils system.
1) New technologies like the cotton gin and interchangeable parts helped drive industrialization and economic growth in the early 1800s.
2) Cities grew along major rivers and canals as these transportation routes helped industry and trade flourish.
3) Improved transportation like steamboats, turnpikes, and the Erie Canal made moving goods and people across long distances faster and easier, further fueling economic expansion.
The document appears to be a textbook passage about the Jefferson era from 1801-1809. It discusses several key events:
- Thomas Jefferson was elected president in 1800, defeating John Adams in a contested election that went to the House of Representatives.
- Jefferson enacted policies to reduce the size and spending of the federal government. He also cut many taxes.
- In 1803, Jefferson approved the Louisiana Purchase, doubling the size of the United States by acquiring French-controlled territory west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
- Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the new western lands from 1804-1806, helping to encourage further western expansion.
The document summarizes the development of political parties during the Federalist Era in the United States. It explains that Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed on economic and foreign policy issues, as well as the degree of power held by the federal government. These disagreements led to the formation of the first two political parties - the Federalists led by Hamilton and the Republicans led by Jefferson. The election of 1796 was the first in which presidential candidates openly identified with political parties, with John Adams elected as the Federalist candidate and Thomas Jefferson becoming Vice President as the Republican candidate.
This document provides an overview of the key principles and structures established by the U.S. Constitution. It discusses the Constitution's establishment of popular sovereignty, a republican form of government, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and individual rights. It describes the three branches of government and their roles according to Articles I, II, and III of the Constitution. It also discusses citizens' rights, the process of amending the Constitution, and judicial review powers.
The document discusses the Articles of Confederation government and its weaknesses. It led to problems at home like Shays' Rebellion in Massachusetts as well as problems abroad regarding trade with Britain and control of the Mississippi River by Spain. Leaders realized changes were needed and convened the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 to draft a new constitution creating a stronger central government. Key compromises included proportional representation in the House but equal representation of two senators per state in the Senate.
The document provides background information on the American Revolution, including key battles, locations, dates, and opposing sides. It discusses early Patriot victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton in 1776, as well as the British capture of Philadelphia in 1777 and their defeat at the Battle of Saratoga under General Burgoyne. The summary also notes that the document will cover how the Patriots gained allies like France and Spain, the hard winter they faced at Valley Forge, and life on the home front during the Revolutionary War.
The document is a passage from a textbook about the growing tensions between the American colonies and Britain in the late 18th century. It discusses several key events:
1) In 1774, the First Continental Congress met to discuss colonial grievances with new British taxes and laws. This united the colonies in opposition to Britain.
2) In April 1775, the Battles of Lexington and Concord marked the first armed conflicts between colonial minutemen and British soldiers. This marked the unofficial start of the American Revolutionary War.
3) In June 1775, the Battle of Bunker Hill saw colonial forces engage British troops on Breed's Hill in a bloody battle that demonstrated the colonists' resolve
The document provides information about the economies and systems of government that developed in the American colonies. It discusses how geography influenced farming practices in the three main regions (New England, Middle, and Southern colonies). New England farmers mostly did subsistence farming due to poor soil and long winters. The Middle and Southern colonies grew cash crops like tobacco, rice, and wheat due to richer soil and warmer climates. Enslaved Africans were brought to the Southern colonies to work the large plantations and cash crops. The document also discusses how English principles of protected rights and representative government influenced the colonial governments, and how England instituted economic policies like mercantilism and the Navigation Acts to control trade.
The document provides background information on the colonial settlements of Roanoke, Jamestown, and the New England colonies. It discusses the founding of the Roanoke colony in 1585 and its mysterious disappearance. It then covers the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and the early struggles it faced before eventually succeeding through the growth of tobacco and alliances with local Powhatan people. Finally, it examines the founding of colonies in New England, including Plymouth colony by the Pilgrims in 1620 and the Massachusetts Bay colony by Puritans in 1629, as well as the establishment of other colonies like Connecticut and Rhode Island by dissenting Puritans seeking religious freedom.
1) Portugal led early European exploration in the 1400s, seeking new trade routes to Asia. Prince Henry established a school of navigation to aid exploration. Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487, and Vasco da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa in 1497.
2) Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492 hoping to reach Asia, but landed in the Americas instead. He incorrectly believed he had reached Asia and called the native people "Indians."
3) Spain funded Columbus's voyage seeking new trade routes and hoping to spread Christianity. His successful first voyage led to three more trips, establishing the first permanent European colony in the Americas.
The document summarizes the migration of early peoples to North and South America from Asia over 15,000 years ago. It describes how during the last ice age, lower sea levels exposed a land bridge called Beringia that connected Asia and Alaska. Many scientists believe the first Americans crossed this land bridge on foot, while others believe they arrived by boat. They hunted large ice age animals and eventually spread throughout the Americas. Around 10,000 years ago, some early Americans in Mexico began farming maize and other crops, leading them to establish permanent settlements and develop unique cultures across the Americas.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).