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CH12Ability Tests   p.545-556 心碩一   98335011   吳瑞珊
The  validity  of  mental  ability  tests
Validity generalization studies Implications for selection 不用再針對不同的組織進行效度研究 就算是不同任務的工作,效度係數影響不大 心智能力&工作表現 vs. 訊息處理&問題解決 心智能力測驗的預測性和特殊能力測驗一樣好 General mental ability的成績和四種不同工作組成測驗差異很小 Uniform guidelines on employee selection procedures(ch2)
Mental  ability  tests  and  discrimination
Differential validity Differential validity是指測驗在兩團體中的效度係數顯著地不同 Black people vs. white people 可以針對不同族群發展適合的甄選計畫 檢驗是否有區分效度(P.548,F12.1)
Mentalabilitytestsandadverseimpact 不同種族認知能力測驗的成績不同 亞>白>西>黑 是因為族群間有很大的統計差異,稱為d-statistic The sample-weighted average of the standard deviations 族群內差異小,族群間差異大;族群內差異大,族群間差異小 認知能力測驗可能會造成黑人或西班牙人低於決斷分數(cutoffscore)
Opinions about the use of mental ability test in selection Kevin調查心智能力測驗的共識 49個描述句 顯著同意也顯著不同意的 測驗是具有預測效度的、是甄選計畫中重要的一部份、可看出認知能力的個別差異、會錯誤的拒絕少數民族 無同意也無不同意的 認知能力測驗結合了非認知能力、是用認知能力測驗比較有社會正義、分數低的人表示有較低的工作表現 結論:知道認知能力測驗是甄選中重要的工具,但卻不知如何使用
Our comments about mental ability tests 分兩個團體來排序(majority and minority) 發展score bands 可能有不準確的問題
Conclusions  如何使用能力測驗以達到EEO? 發展更完整的甄選計畫 瞭解以前能力測驗的法庭爭議 對於認知能力測驗的結論 能適用於任何工作 在人口統計學上分數會有差異 應視公司的目標為何來使用能力測驗 可用其他工具來增加公平性:biodata、strustured interviews…
Mental  ability  tests  and  the internet
Mental ability tests and the internet Equivalence of paper-and-pencil and electronic tests Potosky and Bobko對兩種認知測驗進行兩種版本的調查 Paper-and-pencil vs. electronic tests Test of learning ability(TLA)(timed) vs. situations judgment test(untimed)
TLA在兩種版本的相關是0.6,相同題目答案可能會不同 situations judgment test相關是0.84,兩種版本的信度較一樣 限時測驗用紙筆施測和線上施測的結果較不一樣
Unproctored internet testing 考生很可能有作弊的情形 比較適合“biodatatests、situationjudgmenttests、personalitytests” 比較不適合“knowledgeandmentalabilitytests” 若使用unproctored internet testing,最好還是要有第二個甄選的工具
Effect  of  practice  and  coaching
像是國家考試、標準化成就測驗(SAT、GMAT),一直不斷的重複 研究顯示,SAT在訓練(coaching)前後,只有改變0.15-0.20個標準差 練習(practice)是指個人做過某測驗2次以上 對4726份樣本進行多次施測 結果:分數test3>test2>test1,有明顯練習效果
練習效果的原因 個人經練習後會發展出更好的解題辦法,也更瞭解題目設計 多次練習可減少焦慮 學習更多得知識技巧 第一次就考上的人,對工作訓練表現較有預測力

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Ch12 p.545 -556