2. What is Hazard----------------
A hazard is a source or a situation with the potential for harm
in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to property,
damage to the environment, or a combination of these. ... An
unwanted event is a situation or condition where there is a
loss of control of the hazard that leads to harm.
3. Hazzard in Cement Industries
** Bulk Storage of Material-
- Silo RCC/ Steel for storage of
Raw Material and Final product.
- Storage bins for Raw Material like
Gypsum, Iron, Boxide and laterite
4. Hazzard in Cement Industries
** Bulk Storage of Material-
- Over flow of material.
- Jamming of Material.
- Fast deterioration of Structural health
- Instant release of material while maintenance.
- Land contamination.
- Dust Emission.
- Human injury due to instant release of material.
- Working inside the storage bins ( Confined Space)
7. Control on Hazzard.
Over flowing of material can be avoid through putting
Engineering control like Radar censor level, Manual deep
checking at regular interval.
Jamming of Material can be avoided putting insulation out
side the silo (in case of steel silo/bin).
Fix the specification on material to be storage.
Close monitoring of structural health ( NDT,Audit, Special
Repair).
Dust Collection system (bag filter , bag House).
Control measure of Confined space.
8. Control on Hazzard.
Prepare list of confined space in plant.
Preparing Process flow diagram for Energy isolation
9. Control on Hazzard.
Checking oxygen and other toxic gas level.
Engaging of authorized person for CSE entry.
Rescue plan preparation.
Arrangement of in and out facility/ arrangement in
confined space.
10. Hazzard in Cement Industries
** Belt Conveyor Hazzard.
- Trapping of person in belt/Pulley/drive
- Damaging of and falling of RBC
- Spillage /Fall of material from RBC.
- Fall of take up.
- Fall of roller.
- Injury due to contact of running belt.
- Injury during replacement of belt.
- Injury while belt swaying adjustment
11. Control measure for belt conveyor
** Belt Conveyor Hazzard.
- Trapping of person in belt/Pulley/drive- LOTOTO, Sensor Machine
Guarding
- Damaging of and falling of RBC- Preventive Maintenance
- Spillage /Fall of material from RBC.- Covering of area by Barricading.
- Fall of take up- Preventive Maintenance
- Fall of roller- Covering Guard.
- Injury due to contact of running belt- SOP
, SWP
, PTW, Pull coard,
Emergency switch
- Injury during replacement of belt.- PTW, HIRA- SWP
13. Hazzard in Cement Industries
** Hazzard related confined Space- Cement Mill, Raw Mill, Cement silo,Rotary
Kiln
** having toxic gases inside confined space.
** Rotation of Equipment while workman inside CS.
** Fall of material on person while working inside CS.
** Fire due to Hot work inside the CS.
** Electrocution.
** Lack of oxygen inside CS.
** Fall of person while Maintenance.
14. Hazzard in Cement Industries
** Hazzard in Rotary Kiln
** having toxic gases inside confined space.
** Rotation of Equipment while workman inside CS.
** Fall of material on person while working inside CS.
** Fire due to Hot work inside the CS.
** Electrocution.
** Lack of oxygen inside CS.
** Fall of person while Maintenance.
** Heat
** Back fire to generation fire in Kiln
15. Hazzard in Cement Industries
** Loading of Cement
** Injury Due to loading Belt conveyor.
16. Hazzard in Cement Industries
** Loading of Cement-
**Operator can Trapped in Packer Machine
18. Hazzard in Cement Industries
** Hazzard Mines
** Hazzard Related to HEMM.
** Hazzard while Blasting.
** Hazzard related land sliding, Caves in.
** Hazzard related to vehicle movement.
21. Pneumoconioses
**Pneumoconioses refers to a range of diseases that are caused by the
inhalation and deposition of inorganic particles and mineral dust in the
lungs. For some of the pneumoconioses, the dust exposure leads to a
subsequent inflammation and fibrotic reaction of the lung. The result is
“stiff” or restricted lungs, as we illustrated in the video about the cup of
smoothie. The overall outcome is lungs with limited gas exchange
capacity.
- Pneumoconioses are the most common occupational lung diseases
in developing countries. Pneumoconioses refer to a range of
diseases. They are named after the dust that leads to the disease,
for example: asbestosis, silicosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis,
also known as “black lung”.
- A restrictive spirometric pattern in a worker with a high and
prolonged exposure to inorganic particles and mineral dust is
suggestive of a pneumoconiosis, and the patient should be referred
for chest X-rays or CT-images.
22. Pneumoconioses
**Asbestosis
Asbestosis is caused by inhalation of asbestos dust. Asbestos is a group of
silicate minerals that naturally exist as bundles of treads that can be separated
into thin, durable fibers. Because the fibers having many desirable physical
properties, such as being resistant to heat, fire, and chemicals as well as the
fact that they do not conduct electricity, asbestos has been, - and still is -
widely used, in many industrial contexts.
Asbestosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by shortness of breath,
coughing, and permanent lung damage. The development of asbestosis
usually requires high exposure levels. Low exposure levels of asbestos can
induce pleural plaques, which can be seen on chest X-rays or CT-images.
These pleural plaques are benign, and can be seen as markers of previous
asbestos exposure. Asbestosis is diagnosed based on chest X-ray or CT
findings and a history of exposure to asbestos. There is no cure for asbestosis.
24. Pneumoconioses
**Silicosis is another kind of pnemoconiosis. It is caused by inhalation of crystalline
silica, and it is the most common work-related lung disease worldwide.
Silicosis is a progressive condition, characterized by coughing and shortness of
breath and results in permanent lung damage. Acute silicosis develops after
exposure to high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica, and produces
symptoms within a few weeks to a few years after the initial exposure. This condition
is rare, and has a very poor prognosis. Chronic silicosis develops slowly, usually
appearing 10 to 30 years after the first exposure. The silicosis diagnosis is based on
chest X-rays or CT findings and a history of exposure to crystalline silica. There is no
cure for silicosis.
The compound silica (SiO2) is formed from silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms, which
are the two most abundant elements in the earth’s crust. Hence, silica is a very
abundant mineral. The mass of earth’s crust is 59 % silica, and it is the main
constituent of more than 95 % of the known types of rocks. Silica exists in crystalline
and amorphous varieties. It is the crystalline form that causes silicosis. This form is
even known to be carcinogenous
25. Pneumoconioses
**Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP)
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP) or ‘black lung’ is a third type of
pneumoconiosis. It is caused by inhalation of coal dust. Inhaled coal dust becomes a
problem when the body’s natural mechanisms for defending against and processing
the dust becomes overwhelmed and, subsequently, over-reactive. The result is
inflammation, fibrosis and in the worst cases, necrosis of the lung tissue. Simple CWP
usually causes few symptoms, but a cough may develop that can be chronic and
problematic in patients even after they leave the workplace. Some patients with
simple CWP develop progressive massive fibrosis, which is characterized by
progressive dyspnea, and occasionally, they may cough up black sputum. This
condition often progresses to pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular and
respiratory failure. As for the other types of pneumoconiosis, the exposure levels
have to be quite high over a long period of time, typically more than 20 years, to
develop CWP
. CWP is diagnosed based on chest X-ray or CT findings, and a history
of work in coal mines. There is no cure for coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
