The document provides guidance on building an effective Cisco CCNA lab, including recommendations on the minimum number of routers and switches needed. It recommends at least 3 routers and 3 switches to have a complex enough topology to fully understand CCNA concepts. Specific router and switch models are identified that support required features. Factors like interface types, memory, and supported IOS versions are considered for choosing router models. Real physical equipment is strongly recommended over simulators for hands-on experience.
Whenever I mention this to one of my students, they always say it costs too much. The truth is, it is cheaper now to build your own CCNA and CCNP lab than it has ever been. The secret?
- The document provides lab exercises for CCNA/ICND2 exam preparation over 7 days, with topology diagrams and tasks to complete for each day including implementing routing protocols and troubleshooting scenarios.
- Day 1 requires implementing the given topology within 20 minutes, configuring routing to allow ping from a test PC to router R2.
- Additional tasks and topologies are provided for subsequent days covering topics like VLANs, OSPF, EIGRP, IPv6 routing, and troubleshooting L2 issues.
- Configuration files are included for some devices as examples.
This document provides instructions for renting access to a rack of Cisco routers and switches to gain hands-on experience configuring Cisco devices. It describes the rack rental service which provides remote access to a pod containing 5 Cisco routers, 2 Cisco switches, and an ISDN simulator for $10/day. The document lists the various Cisco technologies that can be configured including switching, routing protocols, and WAN protocols. It then provides step-by-step instructions for an OSPF lab to configure OSPF routing.
This document contains links to CCNA exam answers for CCNA 1 through CCNA 4 as well as the Introduction to Networks exam. It lists the chapter exams, final exams, practice exams, and pretests for each CCNA course with the version and passing percentage. This provides a one-stop location for students to access answers to Cisco certification exams.
This document contains 10 questions from the Cisco 640-802 exam. The questions cover topics such as possible causes for interface status issues, commands to check router memory and version, VLAN and inter-VLAN routing configuration, loopback address configuration, VTP modes, CDP usage, static and default routing configuration.
This chapter focuses on IP routing, which is the process of moving packets between networks using routers. It discusses the key components of a routing table that allow routers to determine the best path for packets. It also explains the step-by-step IP routing process that occurs when a host on one network attempts to communicate with a host on another network, including how the routing table is used to determine the appropriate interface to forward the packet out of. The chapter aims to provide readers with a firm understanding of the fundamentals of IP routing.
This chapter covers IP routing and routing basics. It discusses the components of a routing table and how a router makes forwarding decisions. It also explains static and dynamic routing configuration. The document then details the IP routing process, describing how a packet travels from one host to another on different networks, including the roles of ARP, switching, routing tables, and protocols like ICMP and IP. It uses diagrams and examples to illustrate routing concepts.
This document contains sample questions and explanations from the Cisco 640-802 exam. The questions cover topics related to network devices, interfaces, protocols, and configurations including:
- Possible causes for an interface status being down
- Checks and commands needed before upgrading router IOS
- VLAN and inter-VLAN routing configurations
- Loopback interface purpose and effects
- VTP modes and operations
- IOS image source configurations
- CDP uses
- Static route configuration
Whenever I mention this to one of my students, they always say it costs too much. The truth is, it is cheaper now to build your own CCNA and CCNP lab than it has ever been. The secret?
- The document provides lab exercises for CCNA/ICND2 exam preparation over 7 days, with topology diagrams and tasks to complete for each day including implementing routing protocols and troubleshooting scenarios.
- Day 1 requires implementing the given topology within 20 minutes, configuring routing to allow ping from a test PC to router R2.
- Additional tasks and topologies are provided for subsequent days covering topics like VLANs, OSPF, EIGRP, IPv6 routing, and troubleshooting L2 issues.
- Configuration files are included for some devices as examples.
This document provides instructions for renting access to a rack of Cisco routers and switches to gain hands-on experience configuring Cisco devices. It describes the rack rental service which provides remote access to a pod containing 5 Cisco routers, 2 Cisco switches, and an ISDN simulator for $10/day. The document lists the various Cisco technologies that can be configured including switching, routing protocols, and WAN protocols. It then provides step-by-step instructions for an OSPF lab to configure OSPF routing.
This document contains links to CCNA exam answers for CCNA 1 through CCNA 4 as well as the Introduction to Networks exam. It lists the chapter exams, final exams, practice exams, and pretests for each CCNA course with the version and passing percentage. This provides a one-stop location for students to access answers to Cisco certification exams.
This document contains 10 questions from the Cisco 640-802 exam. The questions cover topics such as possible causes for interface status issues, commands to check router memory and version, VLAN and inter-VLAN routing configuration, loopback address configuration, VTP modes, CDP usage, static and default routing configuration.
This chapter focuses on IP routing, which is the process of moving packets between networks using routers. It discusses the key components of a routing table that allow routers to determine the best path for packets. It also explains the step-by-step IP routing process that occurs when a host on one network attempts to communicate with a host on another network, including how the routing table is used to determine the appropriate interface to forward the packet out of. The chapter aims to provide readers with a firm understanding of the fundamentals of IP routing.
This chapter covers IP routing and routing basics. It discusses the components of a routing table and how a router makes forwarding decisions. It also explains static and dynamic routing configuration. The document then details the IP routing process, describing how a packet travels from one host to another on different networks, including the roles of ARP, switching, routing tables, and protocols like ICMP and IP. It uses diagrams and examples to illustrate routing concepts.
This document contains sample questions and explanations from the Cisco 640-802 exam. The questions cover topics related to network devices, interfaces, protocols, and configurations including:
- Possible causes for an interface status being down
- Checks and commands needed before upgrading router IOS
- VLAN and inter-VLAN routing configurations
- Loopback interface purpose and effects
- VTP modes and operations
- IOS image source configurations
- CDP uses
- Static route configuration
This chapter discusses IPv6, the next-generation Internet protocol. IPv6 was created to address the impending exhaustion of IPv4 addresses as the number of internet-connected devices grows rapidly. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses compared to 32-bit addresses in IPv4. It supports various address types including unicast, multicast, and anycast. IPv6 also introduces mechanisms for address autoconfiguration and tunneling to support transition from IPv4 to IPv6.
This chapter discusses IPv6, the next-generation Internet protocol. IPv6 was created to address the impending exhaustion of IPv4 addresses as the number of internet-connected devices grows rapidly. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses compared to 32-bit addresses in IPv4. It supports various address types including unicast, multicast, and anycast. IPv6 also introduces mechanisms for address autoconfiguration and supports tunneling techniques for transitioning to IPv6, such as 6to4 tunnels.
This document provides instructions for cabling a network with two routers and two PCs. It includes tasks to cable Ethernet links between devices, establish a console connection to a router, erase and reload the routers' configurations, and learn basic router command line operations. The objectives are to cable devices, perform basic router configurations, and verify configurations using show commands.
This document provides instructions for students to cable a simple network with two routers and two PCs. It includes tasks to cable the Ethernet and serial links between devices, establish console connections to the routers, erase and reload the router configurations, and learn basic IOS command line operations. The objectives are to gain experience cabling devices, accessing routers via the console port, and performing basic router configurations.
This document provides instructions for students to cable a simple network with two routers and two PCs. It guides the student through tasks such as cabling Ethernet and serial links between devices, establishing console connections to routers, erasing and reloading router configurations, and learning basic IOS command line operations. The objectives are to teach essential skills for configuring and managing routers, including cabling, console access, command line basics, and router configuration fundamentals.
The document provides information about CCNA training and certification. It discusses the topics covered in the CCNA exam, recommended training courses, study materials, exam format and structure. The CCNA certification tests knowledge of network fundamentals, switching, routing, WAN technologies, security and management. Exams last 90 minutes and contain around 50-60 multiple choice and simulation questions. Common jobs requiring the CCNA include network administrator, database administrator and help desk technician.
NETWORKING SYSTEMS 1
NETWORKING SYSTEMS 5
Networking System
Sarju Thapa
Dr. Stephen Gardner
East Central University
Abstract
In this report, the planning to design the network will be discussed and demonstrated in detail. The planning to design the network layout will be made according to the scenario given in the requirements. The plan will be implemented by the evaluation of the aspects that are important to design the network and other necessary things to design and implement the network. After implementing the network, the network will be tested by secure communication, WAN communication Channel, Wireless network, and PAN network. The troubleshooting of the network will also be discussed and elaborated in detail. The protocols used in this network will also be taken into consideration.
Introduction
Designing a network is not a simple task for someone. There are different phases to design the network. Each phase has a very important role to design the network. The first phase is to collect all the requirements to design the network. The second phase is to evaluate the requirements to make sure that either requirement is enough to design the network or not. After evaluating the requirements, the third phase is to implement all the aspects that are gathered in requirements. The fourth and last phase after implementing the network design is to optimize the network by performance.
Network Layout
The physical arrangement of the network is called network layout. The network layout of the given is scenario is shown below:
Diagram created using CISCO PACKET TRACER 7.3.0
Demonstration
This network consists of two different places one place is headquarter which is the main point of this network and another place is Therall which is the working point of this network.
Headquarter
In headquarter, the Executive office, R&D, Reception, Guest office, and accounting office’s host are connected with one switch. Twisted pair cable is used in this part of the network. Each device directly connected with the headquarter switch. 8P8C (Actually, RJ-45 is the more common term) jack is used in this part of the network and it is located in the reception area. Bus topology is used in this part of the network. (I think that what you have in your diagram is a bus-star hybrid. The switch is the bus, the individual cables to the hosts are the star)
Thrall
In Thrall Remote, the Engineering area, production area, and reception area’s host are connected with the switch. Twisted pair cable is used in this part of the network. Each device directly connected with the headquarter switch. 8P8C jack is used in this part of the network and it is located in the reception area. Bus topology is used in this part of the network.
For bot.
This document outlines tasks for configuring a network with three routers and three switches according to a topology diagram. The tasks include preparing the network by cabling devices and clearing configurations, basic configuration of devices including interfaces and routing protocols, and documenting and cleaning up configurations. Routing protocols RIP, OSPF and EIGRP are configured to illustrate routing decisions based on administrative distance.
This document provides summaries of several Cisco IOS commands related to LAN switching, VLANs, trunking, VTP, spanning tree, MAC address tables, and Frame Relay. It begins with brief explanations of commands such as "show interface trunk", "show mac-address-table", "show spanning-tree vlan", "show vlan brief", and "show vtp status", highlighting the key information provided by each command. Configuration commands are also summarized, including examples for setting the VTP domain name, password, and pruning, as well as making a switch the root bridge using "spanning-tree vlan root primary". The document concludes with summaries of Frame Relay commands like "debug frame lmi", "enc
ccna project on topic company infrastructurePrince Gautam
Prince Gautam submitted a presentation on CCNA that introduces CCNA and networking. It defines CCNA, describes the importance of networking for communication and resource sharing. It also summarizes different types of networking including LAN, MAN, WAN and common networking devices like hubs, switches, routers. The presentation further explains concepts like subnetting, supernetting, routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF and basic router configuration.
This document provides instructions and configuration examples for practicing CCNA exam simulations. It includes 15 practice exam simulations focused on configuring and troubleshooting routing protocols, VLANs, ACLs, and other networking topics. For each simulation, the document describes the network topology and objectives that must be met to complete the simulation successfully. It stresses the importance of fully understanding configuration topics in the author's CCNA study guide before attempting the practice exams.
IPv6 enterprise security - The NAT ReturnsSanjeev Gupta
IPv6 Enterprise Security: The NAT Returns
The document discusses how Network Address Translation (NAT) may continue playing a role in IPv6 enterprise security, despite its downsides. It notes that while IPv6 enables autoconfiguration and global addressability, this poses security challenges for edge firewalls unless default deny policies are maintained. The document proposes using Unique Local Addresses (ULAs) behind NAT as an alternative to complex internal firewall rules or disabling autoconfiguration. While not ideal, this approach allows maintaining the familiar default deny security model provided by NAT in IPv4 networks. The document acknowledges NAT is generally undesirable but predicts it may remain in newer forms to balance security and functionality.
ccna summer training ppt ( Cisco certified network analysis) ppt. by Traun k...Tarun Khaneja
This document provides a summary of a presentation on CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate). It was trained by Ravinder Kumar from Gurukul Technical Institute and submitted by Tarun Khaneja with roll number 2110045 and contact number 09034406598. The presentation introduces CCNA and discusses networking types and applications. It also covers networking devices, subnetting, routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, ACLs, VLANs, and inter-VLAN routing. Configuration examples are provided for EIGRP and RIP routing on the same network.
The document is a sample exam for CCNA certification that contains multiple choice questions about networking concepts. Some of the questions test knowledge of protocols like TCP, UDP, HTTP, SNMP, and protocols used for routing like OSPF, EIGRP, RIP. Other questions cover topics like VLANs, trunking, STP, and IP addressing schemes.
OSI ModelMany people use expressions or sentences to remember th.docxMARRY7
OSI Model
Many people use expressions or sentences to remember the OSI layer names. Similar to how you use "Roy G Biv" to remember the color of the rainbow.
Can you share what method you use to remember the names of the 7 layers?
Bridges vs. Routers vs Gateways
What are the differences between Bridges, Routers, and Gateways?
when would you use one over the other? What OSI layer does each of those devices work in?
Explain in detail.
Broken Repeater
You have two workstations over 400 feet apart. The previous Network Administrator has inserted a Repeater at the middle of the two computers.
The cable was Cat5e. You found out that the repeater is now broken and need to be replaced. But the replacement Repeater will not get here until next week and it is critical that you re-establish the network connection.
You checked your network supplies closet and found that you have various networking equipments and supplies including routers, switches, hubs, Ethernet NICs, 801.11b USB Network Adapter, various cables and connectors, etc.
What can you use from your existing spare parts or supplies to reconnect the two computers again? Explain your answer.
Connection-oriented vs Connectionless
Compare and contrast these two types of communications.
Then find one example each of a network protocol widely used today that are based on these.
Try to find network protocols that are comparable (meaning that they are doing very similar things).
FTP vs. SFTP vs. TFTP
What are the differences?
Find scenarios where you would use one over the other. Why? Explain in deta
Network Protocols
TCP/IP is the dominant network protocol in use today.
Find a few other network protocols that are still in use (although not as widely). Why is that protocol not as widely used today? On the other hand, what makes it so that this protocol is still in use today (what specific application or system that still require that protocol to be use)?
Broadcast vs Collision Domains
What is the difference between a broadcast domain and a collision domain? Given a choice which one you would prefer? Explain your answer.
Layer 3 Switch vs. Router
What is the difference between a router and a layer-3-switch?
When would you use one over the other?
Explain.
.
ECET 465 help Making Decisions/Snaptutorialpinck2329
This document provides information about ECET 465 coursework for week 7, including homework assignments and an iLab on analyzing the 802.11 wireless network protocol. The homework includes answering review questions from Chapter 6 of the textbook and solving problems. The iLab involves analyzing a trace file of captured 802.11 frames to investigate wireless host activities like HTTP requests sent over the wireless network.
Certexams.com Network Simulator with Designer for CCNAswregn
Network simulators are powerful tools for CCNA preparation, offering a safe and controlled environment to experiment, troubleshoot, and master networking concepts. Here are some key advantages of using them:
Practice without risk: Unlike real networks, simulators let you configure and test complex scenarios without worrying about damaging equipment or disrupting operations. You can experiment with different protocols, routing configurations, and security settings without fear of consequences.
Image of Network simulator for CCNAOpens in a new window
www.networkstraining.com
Network simulator for CCNA
Visualize network behavior: Simulators provide a graphical representation of the network, making it easier to understand how data flows, identify bottlenecks, and diagnose problems. This visual feedback is invaluable for solidifying your understanding of network concepts.
Control the environment: Simulators allow you to control various network parameters, such as bandwidth, latency, and packet loss. This lets you isolate specific variables and observe their impact on network performance, helping you develop critical troubleshooting skills.
Practice advanced skills: Simulators offer features that go beyond CCNA basics, allowing you to practice advanced skills like routing protocols, security configurations, and network automation. This can give you a head start on your networking journey and prepare you for more challenging certifications.
Cost-effective and accessible: Simulators are generally much cheaper and more accessible than setting up real network hardware. You can easily run them on your personal computer, giving you the flexibility to practice anytime, anywhere.
Overall, network simulators are a valuable asset for CCNA preparation. They provide a safe, controlled, and visually engaging environment to learn, experiment, and master the fundamentals of networking. By leveraging their advantages, you can significantly improve your understanding and confidence, boosting your chances of success in the CCNA exam and beyond.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
This chapter discusses IPv6, the next-generation Internet protocol. IPv6 was created to address the impending exhaustion of IPv4 addresses as the number of internet-connected devices grows rapidly. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses compared to 32-bit addresses in IPv4. It supports various address types including unicast, multicast, and anycast. IPv6 also introduces mechanisms for address autoconfiguration and tunneling to support transition from IPv4 to IPv6.
This chapter discusses IPv6, the next-generation Internet protocol. IPv6 was created to address the impending exhaustion of IPv4 addresses as the number of internet-connected devices grows rapidly. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses compared to 32-bit addresses in IPv4. It supports various address types including unicast, multicast, and anycast. IPv6 also introduces mechanisms for address autoconfiguration and supports tunneling techniques for transitioning to IPv6, such as 6to4 tunnels.
This document provides instructions for cabling a network with two routers and two PCs. It includes tasks to cable Ethernet links between devices, establish a console connection to a router, erase and reload the routers' configurations, and learn basic router command line operations. The objectives are to cable devices, perform basic router configurations, and verify configurations using show commands.
This document provides instructions for students to cable a simple network with two routers and two PCs. It includes tasks to cable the Ethernet and serial links between devices, establish console connections to the routers, erase and reload the router configurations, and learn basic IOS command line operations. The objectives are to gain experience cabling devices, accessing routers via the console port, and performing basic router configurations.
This document provides instructions for students to cable a simple network with two routers and two PCs. It guides the student through tasks such as cabling Ethernet and serial links between devices, establishing console connections to routers, erasing and reloading router configurations, and learning basic IOS command line operations. The objectives are to teach essential skills for configuring and managing routers, including cabling, console access, command line basics, and router configuration fundamentals.
The document provides information about CCNA training and certification. It discusses the topics covered in the CCNA exam, recommended training courses, study materials, exam format and structure. The CCNA certification tests knowledge of network fundamentals, switching, routing, WAN technologies, security and management. Exams last 90 minutes and contain around 50-60 multiple choice and simulation questions. Common jobs requiring the CCNA include network administrator, database administrator and help desk technician.
NETWORKING SYSTEMS 1
NETWORKING SYSTEMS 5
Networking System
Sarju Thapa
Dr. Stephen Gardner
East Central University
Abstract
In this report, the planning to design the network will be discussed and demonstrated in detail. The planning to design the network layout will be made according to the scenario given in the requirements. The plan will be implemented by the evaluation of the aspects that are important to design the network and other necessary things to design and implement the network. After implementing the network, the network will be tested by secure communication, WAN communication Channel, Wireless network, and PAN network. The troubleshooting of the network will also be discussed and elaborated in detail. The protocols used in this network will also be taken into consideration.
Introduction
Designing a network is not a simple task for someone. There are different phases to design the network. Each phase has a very important role to design the network. The first phase is to collect all the requirements to design the network. The second phase is to evaluate the requirements to make sure that either requirement is enough to design the network or not. After evaluating the requirements, the third phase is to implement all the aspects that are gathered in requirements. The fourth and last phase after implementing the network design is to optimize the network by performance.
Network Layout
The physical arrangement of the network is called network layout. The network layout of the given is scenario is shown below:
Diagram created using CISCO PACKET TRACER 7.3.0
Demonstration
This network consists of two different places one place is headquarter which is the main point of this network and another place is Therall which is the working point of this network.
Headquarter
In headquarter, the Executive office, R&D, Reception, Guest office, and accounting office’s host are connected with one switch. Twisted pair cable is used in this part of the network. Each device directly connected with the headquarter switch. 8P8C (Actually, RJ-45 is the more common term) jack is used in this part of the network and it is located in the reception area. Bus topology is used in this part of the network. (I think that what you have in your diagram is a bus-star hybrid. The switch is the bus, the individual cables to the hosts are the star)
Thrall
In Thrall Remote, the Engineering area, production area, and reception area’s host are connected with the switch. Twisted pair cable is used in this part of the network. Each device directly connected with the headquarter switch. 8P8C jack is used in this part of the network and it is located in the reception area. Bus topology is used in this part of the network.
For bot.
This document outlines tasks for configuring a network with three routers and three switches according to a topology diagram. The tasks include preparing the network by cabling devices and clearing configurations, basic configuration of devices including interfaces and routing protocols, and documenting and cleaning up configurations. Routing protocols RIP, OSPF and EIGRP are configured to illustrate routing decisions based on administrative distance.
This document provides summaries of several Cisco IOS commands related to LAN switching, VLANs, trunking, VTP, spanning tree, MAC address tables, and Frame Relay. It begins with brief explanations of commands such as "show interface trunk", "show mac-address-table", "show spanning-tree vlan", "show vlan brief", and "show vtp status", highlighting the key information provided by each command. Configuration commands are also summarized, including examples for setting the VTP domain name, password, and pruning, as well as making a switch the root bridge using "spanning-tree vlan root primary". The document concludes with summaries of Frame Relay commands like "debug frame lmi", "enc
ccna project on topic company infrastructurePrince Gautam
Prince Gautam submitted a presentation on CCNA that introduces CCNA and networking. It defines CCNA, describes the importance of networking for communication and resource sharing. It also summarizes different types of networking including LAN, MAN, WAN and common networking devices like hubs, switches, routers. The presentation further explains concepts like subnetting, supernetting, routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF and basic router configuration.
This document provides instructions and configuration examples for practicing CCNA exam simulations. It includes 15 practice exam simulations focused on configuring and troubleshooting routing protocols, VLANs, ACLs, and other networking topics. For each simulation, the document describes the network topology and objectives that must be met to complete the simulation successfully. It stresses the importance of fully understanding configuration topics in the author's CCNA study guide before attempting the practice exams.
IPv6 enterprise security - The NAT ReturnsSanjeev Gupta
IPv6 Enterprise Security: The NAT Returns
The document discusses how Network Address Translation (NAT) may continue playing a role in IPv6 enterprise security, despite its downsides. It notes that while IPv6 enables autoconfiguration and global addressability, this poses security challenges for edge firewalls unless default deny policies are maintained. The document proposes using Unique Local Addresses (ULAs) behind NAT as an alternative to complex internal firewall rules or disabling autoconfiguration. While not ideal, this approach allows maintaining the familiar default deny security model provided by NAT in IPv4 networks. The document acknowledges NAT is generally undesirable but predicts it may remain in newer forms to balance security and functionality.
ccna summer training ppt ( Cisco certified network analysis) ppt. by Traun k...Tarun Khaneja
This document provides a summary of a presentation on CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate). It was trained by Ravinder Kumar from Gurukul Technical Institute and submitted by Tarun Khaneja with roll number 2110045 and contact number 09034406598. The presentation introduces CCNA and discusses networking types and applications. It also covers networking devices, subnetting, routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, ACLs, VLANs, and inter-VLAN routing. Configuration examples are provided for EIGRP and RIP routing on the same network.
The document is a sample exam for CCNA certification that contains multiple choice questions about networking concepts. Some of the questions test knowledge of protocols like TCP, UDP, HTTP, SNMP, and protocols used for routing like OSPF, EIGRP, RIP. Other questions cover topics like VLANs, trunking, STP, and IP addressing schemes.
OSI ModelMany people use expressions or sentences to remember th.docxMARRY7
OSI Model
Many people use expressions or sentences to remember the OSI layer names. Similar to how you use "Roy G Biv" to remember the color of the rainbow.
Can you share what method you use to remember the names of the 7 layers?
Bridges vs. Routers vs Gateways
What are the differences between Bridges, Routers, and Gateways?
when would you use one over the other? What OSI layer does each of those devices work in?
Explain in detail.
Broken Repeater
You have two workstations over 400 feet apart. The previous Network Administrator has inserted a Repeater at the middle of the two computers.
The cable was Cat5e. You found out that the repeater is now broken and need to be replaced. But the replacement Repeater will not get here until next week and it is critical that you re-establish the network connection.
You checked your network supplies closet and found that you have various networking equipments and supplies including routers, switches, hubs, Ethernet NICs, 801.11b USB Network Adapter, various cables and connectors, etc.
What can you use from your existing spare parts or supplies to reconnect the two computers again? Explain your answer.
Connection-oriented vs Connectionless
Compare and contrast these two types of communications.
Then find one example each of a network protocol widely used today that are based on these.
Try to find network protocols that are comparable (meaning that they are doing very similar things).
FTP vs. SFTP vs. TFTP
What are the differences?
Find scenarios where you would use one over the other. Why? Explain in deta
Network Protocols
TCP/IP is the dominant network protocol in use today.
Find a few other network protocols that are still in use (although not as widely). Why is that protocol not as widely used today? On the other hand, what makes it so that this protocol is still in use today (what specific application or system that still require that protocol to be use)?
Broadcast vs Collision Domains
What is the difference between a broadcast domain and a collision domain? Given a choice which one you would prefer? Explain your answer.
Layer 3 Switch vs. Router
What is the difference between a router and a layer-3-switch?
When would you use one over the other?
Explain.
.
ECET 465 help Making Decisions/Snaptutorialpinck2329
This document provides information about ECET 465 coursework for week 7, including homework assignments and an iLab on analyzing the 802.11 wireless network protocol. The homework includes answering review questions from Chapter 6 of the textbook and solving problems. The iLab involves analyzing a trace file of captured 802.11 frames to investigate wireless host activities like HTTP requests sent over the wireless network.
Certexams.com Network Simulator with Designer for CCNAswregn
Network simulators are powerful tools for CCNA preparation, offering a safe and controlled environment to experiment, troubleshoot, and master networking concepts. Here are some key advantages of using them:
Practice without risk: Unlike real networks, simulators let you configure and test complex scenarios without worrying about damaging equipment or disrupting operations. You can experiment with different protocols, routing configurations, and security settings without fear of consequences.
Image of Network simulator for CCNAOpens in a new window
www.networkstraining.com
Network simulator for CCNA
Visualize network behavior: Simulators provide a graphical representation of the network, making it easier to understand how data flows, identify bottlenecks, and diagnose problems. This visual feedback is invaluable for solidifying your understanding of network concepts.
Control the environment: Simulators allow you to control various network parameters, such as bandwidth, latency, and packet loss. This lets you isolate specific variables and observe their impact on network performance, helping you develop critical troubleshooting skills.
Practice advanced skills: Simulators offer features that go beyond CCNA basics, allowing you to practice advanced skills like routing protocols, security configurations, and network automation. This can give you a head start on your networking journey and prepare you for more challenging certifications.
Cost-effective and accessible: Simulators are generally much cheaper and more accessible than setting up real network hardware. You can easily run them on your personal computer, giving you the flexibility to practice anytime, anywhere.
Overall, network simulators are a valuable asset for CCNA preparation. They provide a safe, controlled, and visually engaging environment to learn, experiment, and master the fundamentals of networking. By leveraging their advantages, you can significantly improve your understanding and confidence, boosting your chances of success in the CCNA exam and beyond.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
1. OSMAN HUZOR VINCENT
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How to Build a Cisco CCNA lab
Cisco CCNA Lab Suggestions
Many people ask us what would make a good CCENT or CCNA R&S 200-125 lab? In this article we will
cover how to build an effective CCNA lab. Please do not skip any of this information, as it is all very
important for you to understand so you get the most value for your money in purchasing your kit. It is well
worth spending 15 minutes reading these articles to avoid making a $500 mistake! So let's start off with a
basic concept that I hope we can all agree on. Real Routers & Switches are required for your CCNA
Routing & Switching Lab!
You need a physical router as the simulators just don't have the ability to give you the hands
on experience you need to see what happens when you disconnect a cable, put a cable in the wrong
location or just plain configure the interface incorrectly. Dependent on what you do by mistake, you may
2. see either the interface or protocol go down and based upon that it should give you a clue of where to
start troubleshooting(hint, what layer is the interface at and what layer is the protocol at?). Anyway, you
will come to find quite quickly that mistakes you make on Router 1 are affecting Router 4 all because you
did not screw in a cable properly. No simulator can simulate that, so real routers and switches are
invaluable. We really suggest you read through this entire article from top to bottom to understand how to
build a proper lab for your CCENT & CCNA studies.
What Are Some Things I Need To Consider For My Cisco CCNA Lab?
First is Cisco made the CCNA 200-125 exam quite a bit harder than the CCNA 640-802 exam. Cisco
wants to make sure you really know your stuff on this exam. Basically they moved about 80% of the old
CCNA 640-802 exam topics into the new ICND1 100-101 exam. Then they dropped a few concepts such
as wireless and voice as they now have the CCNA Wireless and CCNA Voice specific exams and added
a lot more troubleshooting to the CCNA Routing & Switching 200-125 exam. So what does that mean to
you? The days of having a high level understanding of what is happening and passing the exam are
gone. You need to practice on more complex setups and really understand what is happening first hand.
That is why when we revised our lab workbook. We made it much more complex and explain the
concepts in detail as you do each lab.
How Many Routers Do I Need for my Cisco CCNA Lab?
Two routers are the bare minimum to see if anything works. If you have a very limited budget, you can still
receive value from only purchasing a single router over working with a simulator. However, with a single
router you will not be able to see the main thing we are trying to accomplish; the propagation of route
tables and the routing of data! The only way you can see if your configurations really work is to have at
least two routers. Therefore, I strongly recommend that you purchase at least a dual router kit. But if you
want the best experience, you will want to go with a three router kit. So let's review this in a little more
detail of what each scenario will provide to you. One router will give you the ability to run the commands
on it and will allow you to memorize the correct syntax and context in which to run the commands. Two
routers will allow you to be able to see route table information propagate, data propagation and path
election. In addition, you will see basic device elections.Three or more routers and you will get all of the
above, more complex topologies and full device elections. Ok, so we say we suggest three routers and
you see what we wrote above, but it just is not clicking why you need three routers as maybe you heard
somewhere else two routers is all you need. Well let's go into a little more depth and take a look at the
slide below.
3. In this slide from our study guide, you see a topology with three routers. Let's say we need to ensure R2
is your DR (designated router). If we just have two routers, we can simply set the priority of R1 to zero
which will make that router ineligible to be a DR. So then R2 would be the DR by default. But if we add a
third router, then we don't know if the DR will be R2 or R3. More than likely most companies you will work
at will have more than two routers, right? So now you can see that we are going to have to do multiple
configurations to influence which router is the DR in the more complex topology. So in this scenario, we
need to increase the priority of R2 and leave R3 at its default priority to accomplish our goal. So hopefully
now you can start to see why three routers are critical to really hammering home some of the CCNA
concepts. So let's review another scenario below of why you need three routers in your CCENT/CCNA
lab.
4. You will see that the lab topology(this is from our lab workbook) on the top has two load balanced WAN
links (the two lighting bolts), a subnet off of R1 and R3 where the computers are and from R2 we have
multiple paths to get to any of the subnets at the top portion of the topology. Now compare that to the
simple two router lab below it and see that it does not have load balancing, no multiple paths, no ability to
set different costs on the links and obviously the route tables are not as complex. So a quick scenario.
Let's say one of the WAN links was configured super fast and the other one was a super slow WAN link.
You are at the computer off of R3 and you are communicating with a server off of R1. The super fast
WAN link goes down. What will your path be to the server off R1? Will the data travel across two routers
traversing a super slow WAN link or traverse 3 routers utilizing fast links? Good question, huh? Now
which lab topology do you think will give you a better learning experience?
Do I Need A Switch & If So, How Many?
If you would have asked me this question 9 years ago I would have replied the exam is 80% routing and
you can memorize the little bit of switching that is on the exam. But with the recent 200-125 changes,
inter-vlan routing is hit very heavy on the exam in various scenario questions. So if you can afford it, yes,
switches are required. With only a small margin of error between passing and failing, not fully
understanding switching concepts such as VLANs, STP, and root elections could be the one question that
stands between you passing and failing your exam. There will be some switch questions which are
memorization based such as "What is a Layer 2 protocol used to maintain a loop-free network"? Thank
goodness we memorized STP. That said, it would be nice for us to be able to actually see the switching
concepts work. So similar to our router review, this is what you will get with the corresponding number of
switches. One switch will give you the ability to run the commands on the switch and allow you to
memorize the correct syntax and context in which to run the commands. It will also allow you to do some
of the VLAN labs. Two switches will allow you to see VTP Domain & VLAN information propagate. In
addition, you will see basic device elections. Three or more switches you will get all of the above and
full device elections. Again, you may have heard that you only need two switches in your CCNA lab. Yes,
you can get by. But you want to know this information inside and out. So three switches will give you the
5. best learning experience. Let me prove it
again. Wow, there is a lot of
information on this slide. Spanning Tree Protocol is used to eliminate loops in our network, as loops are
bad. So how can we determine which switch will be the Root Bridge? In general, it is based on the MAC
address of the devices but it can be influenced by changing the priority on one or all of the devices. When
a Root Bridge is elected, it is as if everything in the world will revolve around the Root Bridge. That
dictates then which ports on the other switches are root ports, designated ports and non-designated
ports. If also then impacts the states of the ports. So if the Root Bridge changes from Switch C to Switch
B, then each port will change to a different type of port and state. Now we will have to figure everything
out again from scratch. You might not fully understand this now, but by practicing with three switches in a
complex topology such as this CCNA lab, you definitely will have a much deeper understanding of the
technology at hand. Hopefully this example has fully convinced you of the value of a CCNA lab with three
switches. Sill not convinced you should have three switches in your CCNA lab? Well then maybe my final
point will sway you. The topology in the diagram below is similar to what appeared on a previous version
of the CCNA exam. So if Cisco can use multiple switches in the lab questions on the exam, don't you
6. want to practice on scenarios similar to what you might see on your CCNA
exam? Sample CCNA Exam Scenario
How Many Cisco Routers & Cisco Switches Do I Need To Complete Your CCNA
R&S 200-120 Lab Workbook?
Our CCNA Lab Workbook has been recently updated for the new CCNA exam and was designed with the
knowledge that most of our customers can't afford a large lab. We wrote our Lab Workbook to the
specification of three routers and three switches. In a perfect world you will have three 1941 and/or 2811
routers, HWIC-1T and/or WIC-2a/s modules, and three 2960-TT/LT plus the associated cables. Does that
mean that you can't complete the labs if you only have two routers or two switches in your lab? No, it just
means for the most part those labs will not be as complex as they could be and you won't see any many
routes propagate. But you still should fully understand the concept which is being presented. Now you
can review the above link for our Lab Workbook R&S 200-125 to see all the topics covered. A physical
copy of the Lab Workbook along with an incredible bundle of our other CCNA material is included with all
of our kits. Note in the topology diagram below how complex we make our labs. These are not straight
forward two link setups. We include redundancy, multiple subnets and explain it all in great detail. There
is no other CCNA book out there that is even close to what we have created! Accordingly we are the
premier CCNA lab supplier with support second to none! Click on the topology picture to see a PDF of the
sample lab. This is why we really suggest three 1941 and/or 2811 routers in your lab as we use every
single interface and hit heavy on advanced OSPF, advanced EIGRP, EtherChannels, Load Balancing,
etc. Click here for sample
CCNA 200-120 EIGRP Lab
7. How Do I Know What Routers & Switches I Need In My CCNA Lab?
What Three Routers Do I Need In My CCNA Lab?
The key here is to have the right mix of routers in your CCENT or CCNA lab. Simply bundling three
random routers together and calling it a kit is not the right approach. We want to make sure that we have
routers that will cover some of the major features/concepts you are sure to see on the CCENT and CCNA
exams. So at the bare minimum we want the following features in our CCNA lab:
One router with dual Ethernet interfaces to do your NAT/PAT labs. We suggest the 1841, 2811,
or 1941 as these routers can do this and also get you exposure to IOS 15, inter-VLAN routing,
etc. at the same time, saving you money.
One router with two serial ports to establish links to the other two routers.
Notice how I mentioned these are the bare minimums. In a perfect world with no budget restrictions we
would advise you to get three 1941 routers and three 2960-LT/TT switches. But that is not always realistic
from a budget perspective. Also it is ok if one router does double duty. An example is you may have a
2811 that is your NAT/PAT router and also the FastEthernet device for your inter-VLAN routing labs. We
know with all the options out there, this can be a bit confusing which is why we have pre-configured many
of our CCNA Lab kits to already have these features balanced giving you the best bang for the buck.
There is no reason for you to guess and make a couple hundred dollar mistake. But even if you do, you
can user our Trade-Up Program to get 100% credit for your device. If you have questions, please use the
Contact Us link in the upper right to send us an email as we welcome questions.
How Do I Know What Interfaces & Options Are Available On A Router?
Now choices, choices, choices. Which router do I pick? Well, we have many choices which I will list below
with some pros and cons to each. I will also include a table at the end of this document to visually aid you
in seeing the features of each router. I suggest no matter which router you get, you max out the DRAM
and Flash so you can run the most full featured IOS available for that model. The 1760s at 96/32 are fine
to run 12.4, the 1841 routers, although not maxed out are more than sufficient at 256MB DRAM and
64MB Flash as are the 2800 series routers so they can run IOS 15.
CCNA Lab Routers Cisco 800 Series
Routers These are not good lab routers as they do not have traditional serial ports to connect them to
other routers in a lab environment. Cisco 1720/50 Series Routers These are now throw away routers
due to changes in the CCNA and price drops on other models that give a lot more functionality for the
buck. Cisco 1760 Series Routers This is a good low cost router that is a traditional rack mount router
unlike the other 1700 series routers. This 100mb FastEthernet router will also run IOS 12.4 and has four
8. WIC slots, which is a bonus. We have recently retired these from our standard stock, but they can still be
used to for propagating routes, etc. Cisco 1841 Router ALERT! We suggest you have this model at a
minimum in your new CCNA 200-125 exam lab. This is the cheapest and best choice for an 15.1(4) IOS
ISR router for your CCNA Routing & Switching, CCNP & CCIE exams that supports MPLS(multi-protocol
label switching). This router compliments our CCNA Routing & Switching lab workbook and covers the
exam topics for the CCNA. Since the prices have come down on these tremendously, these are a great
choice for CCNA labs and will serve you well as you move up through your Cisco certification path. So,
really your only choice here is, will you get the 128/32 version which only supports 12.4 or will you get the
256/64 or 384/128 versions which supports 15.1(4)? I think the answer to that is simple. This router
packs lots of value for the price and is a staple of many of our budget level kits Cisco 2500 Series
Router At this point these are no longer great CCNA routers. They had their run for almost 17 years as a
staple of CCNA labs. But their time has passed. The only 2500s that have significant value these days
are the 2509 and 2511 access server routers. Cisco 2509 Router This is your 8 port terminal
server/access server. You can remote access 8 devices from this unit. You will need one octal cable or 8
rollover cables. Cisco 2511 Router This is your 16 port terminal server/access server. You can remote
access 16 devices from this unit. You will need two octal cables or 16 rollover cables. 2600 Series
Routers (non-XM) These routers only support up to IOS 12.3. They are modular routers which means
you have to add WIC or NM modules to them to provide additional functionality. The 10mb versions of
these routers are not really worth spending the money on when for the same price you can get a 100mb
version. The 100mb versions are not as good a value as the XM version as the XM version supports
12.4. We have also recently retired these from our standard stock, but they can still be used to
for propagating routes, etc. Cisco 2610 Router This is a 10mb Ethernet router. I would stay away from
this router for current exam topics. Cisco 2611 Router This router is dual 10mb Ethernet. I would stay
away from this router for current exam topics.Cisco 2620 Router This is a 100mb router. But for a few
extra dollars I would get an 2600XM series router to support 12.4. I would stay away from this router for
current exam topics. Cisco 2621 Router This is a dual 100mb Ethernet router. I would pay the few extra
dollars for a 2611XM, 1841, 2801 or 2811 over this router so you get at least 12.4 IOS support. I would
stay away from this router for current exam topics. 2600XM Series Routers The advantage to these
routers over the plain 2600 series is they are all 100mb routers so they can support inter-vlan routing and
they support 12.4 and thus Advanced IP IOS. We have noted the features of each model below. I would
stay away from this router for current exam topics. Cisco 2610XM & 2620XM Router This is a single
FastEthernet router. I would stay away from this router for current exam topics. Cisco 2611XM &
2621XM Router This is a dual FastEthernet router and being a dual FastEthernet rotuer, you can also
use it for your NAT/PAT labs. I would stay away from this router for current exam topics. Cisco 2801
256/64 Router This is a 15.1(4) IOS ISR router for your CCNA Routing & Switching, CCNP & CCIE
exams that supports MPLS(multi-protocol label switching). This router has a bonus over the 1841 router
in that is has four interface slots versus the two of the 1841 and can support voice vwics and PVDMs in-
case you ever decide you want to go down the Voice path as the 1841 will not support Voice. Cisco 2811
512/128 Router This is what we consider to be the best bang for your buck for an 15.1(4) IOS ISR
router and will give you the most capability for your money for your CCNA 200-125 exam. It is great for
CCNA Routing & Switching, CCNP & and the CCIE exams that supports MPLS(multi-protocol label
switching). This router has a bonus over the 1841 router in that is has four interface slots versus the two
of the 1841 and can support voice VWICs and PVDMs in case you ever decide you want to go down the
Voice path as the 1841 will not support Voice. Cisco 1941 512/256 Router This router with the base
license is the exact router for the CCNA 200-125 exam. It runs IOS 155-3 and has two gigabit ports. It is
also the exact router for the new CCNA Security 210-260 exam if you add the Security license to
it. Please feel feel to use the Contact Us form if you are interested or need more information on
this. Also, please note that this model router is not compatible with WIC cards and will require HWIC
cards instead. If you would like to explore CCNA Voice, you really should have two of these. One for the
9. Headquarters location and one for your branch location. Cisco 3620 Router This is now basically a throw
away router.
Summary of Router Interfaces
Summary of Router Interfaces
Ethernet
Ports
NM
Slots
WIC
Slots
VWIC
Slots
Cisco 1760 1-100mb 0 2 2/4
Cisco 1841 2-100mb 0 2 0
Cisco 2610 1-10mb 1 2 *
Cisco
2610XM/2620XM
1-100mb 1 2 *
Cisco 2611 2-10mb 1 2 *
Cisco
2611XM/2621XM
2-100mb 1 2 *
Cisco 2801 2-100mb 0 3 4**
Cisco 2811 2-100mb 1 4 4**
Cisco 2821 2-1gb 1 4 4**
Cisco 1941 2-1gb 0 2 0
* These routers require a NM-2V or similar module to support Voice modules. These are for an older
version of CME so they are not recommended. **The 2800 series WIC/VWIC slots can support multiple
features so you will see more slots identified than are actually on the router.
DRAM/Flash Memory & IOS Required for Feature Support
Now everyone wants to run the latest version of IOS (remember, not every unit has to run 15.1(4) but it
doesn't hurt), but are sometimes disappointed if they already purchased a router and they find out it can't
support IOS 15 or some of the features they want to run like IPv6 or CCP.
Model Max IOS Ver. IPv6 CCP
Cisco1760 12.4 96/32 NotAvailable
10. Cisco1841 15.1(4) requires256/64 128/32 256/64
Cisco2600 Series 12.3 64/16 NotAvailable
Cisco2600XM Series 12.4 128/32 NotAvailable
Cisco2801 15.1(4) requires256/64* 128/32 256/64
Cisco2811 & 2821 15.1(4) requires512/128 256/64 512/128
Cisco1941 15.5(3) 512/256 512/256
* The 2801 only needs 256/64 to run IOS 15 IP Base. But the preferred IOS is Advanced IP Services
which requires 384/128. Ok, let's start off with the IOS version column. As you can see above, the 2600
non-XM models only support 12.3 whereas the Cisco 2600XM and 1760 units support 12.4 while the
1841 and 2800 series routers support 15.x. So if you want to have exposure the latest IOS that is running
on routers in the real world, right now that is 15.x and the Cisco 1841 and 2800 series routers are the
most economical choice. But if your budget does not allow for it, you will still find value in the routers that
are running the older 12.3 IOS and 12.4 IOS as many of the commands and functionality are there. Now
let's review the IPv6 column. IPv6 is a big part of the CCENT 100-105/200-105 and CCNA 200-125 exam.
So you really want routers that support IPv6, if you can afford them. You also will need all of the routers to
support IPv6 if you want proper data communications. Note that if you get a 1841 or 2801 router, they
only require 128/32 to run 12.4 and IPv6, but to run 15.1(4) and IPv6 they require 256/64 and 384/128
respectively to run Advanced IP Services. *Gotcha note: They technically can run IOS 15 and support
IPv6 on less DRAM and Flash, but then they will be running IP Base which does not cover all the exam
commands. The 2811 and 2821 routers require 512/128 to do Advanced IP Services on IOS 15 and IOS
15 IP base supporting IPv6 is only 256/64. Finally, you will also notice I mentioned the requirements for
CCP too. CCP is Cisco's Cisco Configuration Professional and is the GUI option to configure your routers.
It is not supported on some of the older models. But the good news from a lab perspective is that you do
not need it on every router to get a good grasp on how CCP works. The Cisco 1841 or 2800 Series is the
cheapest way to get a router that supports 15.1(4) and CCP. Now that said, as mentioned previously,
Cisco does not have CCP on the CCNA R&S 200-125 blueprint. It is likely something that you may
encounter in the field, so you are probably going to need it sooner or later. All that said, I highly
suggest that you have at least one 1841 or 2800 series router in your lab.
What Switch Should I Get?
This is one that there is so much debate on these days. I will give you my thoughts on it and there are a
hundred different ways you can build a lab. I will give you the information and let you decide how you
want to build your lab. The Cisco 2960-TT/LT switch has the exact IOS command set that you will see on
the exam as per Cisco. But Cisco suggests this switch because they want to suggest a switch because it
is fairly recent and one you will more than likely see in the real world. Although the 2950 EI version switch
is about half the cost currently and will support the same commands that are on the CCNA exam as the
2960-TT/LT. Now I want to spend a little bit of time and explain some differences between some of the
2950 switch models and what it means to you and your CCNA studies. There is the standard 2950 which
is going to cover 95% of the commands you can see on the exam. But some students are aware that
there are a couple of commands such as Enhanced QoS, 802.1s MISTP(Multiple Instance Spanning Tree
Protocol) and 802.1w RSTP(Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that are only supported on the Enhanced
Image version of the 2950. So if you want to run those few commands, you will need to upgrade your
11. 2950 to a 2950C(which is available as an inexpensive upgrade on our kits), 2950G or a 2950T unit. Just
ask us about it and we can get you setup with them. As I did with the routers above, I have also included
a brief description of each of the common switches and created a feature chart below to help you make
your Cisco switch selection.
CCNA Lab Switches Cisco 1912 or 1924 Switch with Enterprise Software. These switches are no longer
relevant to the exam.Cisco 2912, 2916 or 2924 Switch with Enterprise Software This switch will run 70%
of the current commands needed for the exam and is not really a good choice given that 2950 switches
are only about $10 more. Spend the extra $10 on the switch as it is worth it for your $250 exam. Cisco
2950 Switch This is the switch that most people target to run all the CCNA 200-120 exam commands.
The normal 2950 runs Standard Image and the 2905C, 2950T and 2950G units run the Enhanced Image.
This gives you access to a couple more commands so you have access to all the switch commands on
the exam and is available as an inexpensive upgrade on most of our kits. Cisco 2960-S Switch This is
our budget level IOS 15 switch offering that can save you some money if need to cut your costs down. It
runs a little bit cheaper than the 2960-TT/LT because it can only run the LanLite image, which has limited
capability in comparison. Cisco 2960-TT/LT Switch This the switch that Cisco states covers the exam
topics for the CCNA. Why? Well it was the current switch when the latest exam came out. They are not
going to tell you to buy a switch that they are no longer selling right? Given the price decrease as of late
on this model, it is a switch that can be considered an upgrade to play with some of the extra features it
has that are not specifically targeted on the CCNA exam but are covered on the CCNP SWITCH exam.
This switch also does static Layer 3 switching which the 2950 does not. It also supports a few more QoS
features and is on IOS 15. Cisco 3550 Switch This switch is really cool and is used to a large degree in
CCNP labs. It is a switch that does Layer 3 routing built into it. It may not make sense right now that a
switch does routing, but it will before you know it! It is a bit more expensive than a 2950, but you will need
it come CCNP time and it well worth it if you can get it in your lab. Cisco 3560-TS Switch This is a new
one on the block that adds a few more features that the 3550 does not. It supports such features as
enhanced QoS, PVLANs and more. This is a staple of the better CCNA, CCNP and CCIE labs. It is also
a true, dyamic layer 3 switch and is on IOS 15. Cisco 3750v2 Switch This is out newest standard switch
offering which supports IOS 15, is layer 3 capable, and additionally adds stackwise technology to its
capabilities (requires a stackwise cable)
Summary of Switch Features
Summary of Cisco Switch Features
2950 2960 3550 3560
Layer 3 Switch No No Yes Yes
Auto-MDIX No Yes No Yes
12. Private VLans No No No Yes
VLan ACLs No No Yes Yes
Routing Protocols No No Yes Yes
DHCP Server No No Yes Yes
DHCP v6 No No No Yes
VLan Port Security No Yes No Yes
UplinkFast Yes Yes Yes Yes
SSHv2 Yes Yes Yes Yes
SNMPv3 Yes Yes Yes Yes
That brings us to a few caveats on the 3500 series switches. The 3512, 3524 and 3548 are not Layer 3
switches like the 3550, 3560 and 3750 series. They are Layer 2 and they do not follow all the command
syntax that the 2950 and 2960 switches do. So we suggest you stay away from those models.
Serial Modules, Cables and Accessories
If you have a 2500 series access server, make sure you have a transceiver with it so you can covert the
Ethernet AUI port to RJ-45 Ethernet. We have a couple of common serial modules. I will detail them
below:
WIC-1T - A WIC card with a single DB60 serial port. This module can go into any of the modular
routers.
NM-4A/S - A NM module that has 4 DB60 serial ports.
The DB60 serial port is also built into the 2500 series routers as you can see from our table
above. You will generally see a combination of the above modules/routers used together with
DB60 DTE/DCE back to back serial cable to simulate a WAN link between two offices.
WIC-2T or WIC-2a/s - A card with two Smart Serial ports. Generally these are used with a smart
serial to smart serial DTE/DCE back to back cable between these modules. This module can go
into any of the modular routers. The primary difference between these is that the WIC-2T has
faster speeds than the WIC-2a/s, but this won't affect anything significant for lab purposes.
HWIC-1T - A card with one smart serial port similar to the WIC-2T. These are only and required
for the 1941 routers.
DB60 to Smart Serial Cable - If you have a mix of DB60 and smart serial interfaces, you can use
this cable. You just have to order the DCE side on the interface type you want to serve up
clocking. We left this part to the end on purpose. We will cover here the use of WIC-1DSU-T1
serial modules. This is not a traditional module like the ones above but is used to keep the cost
down in smaller labs. The drawback to them is that they do not scale easily to larger labs which
can have 4 or 10 serial ports on a single device. When using these modules you will have a
special WIC-1DSU-T1 crossover cable and the commands will not be 100% the same as in the
lab workbooks as the other units. But our lab workbooks explain how and why.
Ethernet Crossover Cables - We put these in our labs to make them more complex by
sometimes connecting like type devices. Make sure your kit comes with them!
13. Can We Build A Cisco Lab That Will Cover Every Single CCNA Routing &
Switching 200-120 Exam Concept?
We get this question quite often. Yes we can. How you build that kit really depends on what you intend to
do after you passyour CCNA exam so it can be a bit tricky. I will try to cover the three most common
scenarios. 1) You simply want the cheapest kit to pass the CCNA exam that covers all of the exam
objectives and that is all you are worried about. Then we would suggest this CCNA Lab Kit and select one
1841 256/64 or better so you can have routers that run 15.1(4) IOS. We would also select to upgrade one
switch to a 2960-TT/LT. This way you can cover all the exam objectives. Again, not every switch has to
run every command. 2) You want to pass the CCNA exam and then you are going directly to CCNA
Security. You can handle this one of two ways. The best way is to buy our Premium CCNA 200-125 &
CCNA Security 210-260 Combo Lab Kit with at least one 2960-TT/LT switch upgrade. The second is that
you are about $250 short in budget of that kit and you want to get the CCNA portion now and the CCNA
Security portion of it later. In that case, you could look at our CCNA & CCNA Security Standard Combo
Kit, which takes the ASA out of the kit. Without the ASA, you will still have a great CCNA experience, be
primed for security, and can pick up the ASA when you are ready for the CCNA Security curriculum.
Please use the Contact Us form at the top right of the page and we will be more than happy to help you
approach this. 3) The third scenario that is requested is again you want to cover all the CCNA objectives
and then you are going directly to CCNP. In this case, we need to ask you a few more questions and
encourage you to use the Contact Us form to make sure we get you the best solution tailored to you and
your career objectives.
What is different with your kits versus any other group of routers and switches
called a kit?
First, our recommended kits are designed to make sure you get the most bang for your buck at each price
point to fit any budget. We do this by making sure you have at least one router that covers as many
features on the exam where possible. So simply giving you five 1760 routers and calling it a CCNP kit
does not make it a CCNP kit. It is all about the proper selection of devices that match up to your lab
topology. We make sure your kit matches up to our lab topology as we wrote the most complex CCNA
200-125 lab workbook out there, so you will understand complex scenarios. Gone are the days of a
simple daisy chained CCNA lab with only two subnets. Many of our labs have 6 or more subnets to
simulate complex, real world scenarios you will see on the exam. By completely understanding our
advanced setups (which requires more cables and modules), you are sure to pass your CCNA 200-
125 exam. In addition, we include all of our study materials such as the aforementioned lab workbook, our
"How To Subnet Workbook" with 100 pages of instruction and over 100 practice questions, our six page,
fold out, laminated color CRAM sheet, TCP/IP poster, our CCNA test engine with flash cards, instructional
videos and so much more!
Do I Need an Access Server/Terminal Server?
The name access server or terminal server is actually a little misleading. It is not a server in the traditional
sense that you might expect like a Intel based Windows or Linux server. It is a router that has 8, 16 or 32
Async ports which are used to connect to other devices through the console ports. The advantage of an
access server is that they are the only means to which you can remotely reboot a device and stay
connected to it. An example of this is if you needed to upgrade a router in a remote office. This
functionality is not really covered on the CCNA 200-125 exam so it is not an absolute requirement if your
budget is tight. However it is a real world skill you will need and it comes in handy in your lab so you do
14. not have to keep moving the console cable from router to router to router every time you want to run a
command on another device especially when you have a larger CCNA, CCNP or CCIE lab.
I want a kit that will help me do CCNA and also CCNA Security
No problem! Doing double duty as a CCNA and CCNA Security kit is one of the least expensive
approaches to get multiple certifications with one lab kit! Here is what you do, you can take a look at
our CCNA Security Kits here. They will cover all the CCNA concepts, easily upgrade to a CCNA Security,
and/or cover both exams. You will note that we have two options there. The first is the standard kit. This
kit is if you are a bit tight on cash now and you want a kit so you have a top of the line CCNA kit now that
can be turned into a CCNA Security kit by simply adding the ASA 5505 and CCNA Security lab workbook
once you saved up a few more bucks and passed your CCNA exams. The second kit is our Premium
CCNA Security kit. It has the ASA already included so as soon as you are done your CCNA exam you
can simply continue on to your CCNA Security exam without any further delay. As a nice bonus, you
can use the ASA on your home network and you will have a real ASA at your Internet presence just like a
real company!
I want a kit that will help me do CCNA and also CCNA Voice
Ok, this one is a little trickier than the CCNA to CCNA Security kit upgrades. We can suggest one of two
approaches. The first is if you are tight on cash and you are going to take the two step approach. What
you can do is get your CCNA base kit first. You can get our three router and three switch kit and
customize it which you can see here; Customizable CCNA Three Router & Three Switch Lab Kit. if you
are going to want to emulate our top of the line Premium CCNA Voice kit, what you will want to do is to
upgrade two of the routers to 2811 512/128 routers. You can leave the third router at the default router.
Now this kit will allow you to exercise the concepts and features that are on the CCNA exam. Then once
you pass your CCNA exam, contact us and we can let you know what the additional items are that you
can add to your base kit to make it a complete Premium CCNA Voice Lab kit. The second Premium
CCNA Voice approach is to purchase the Premium CCNA Voice Lab Kit and then add some accessories
to it now. The reason you have to do this is the Voice Lab kit really only requires two routers and two
switches. So we have to add the third router and third switch for your CCNA lab setup. So you can pretty
much add any 1841 or better router, plus 3 WIC-2A/S modules, two smart to smart serial cables and a
2960-S or better switch. We know this can all be a little confusing, so don't hesitate to use the Contact Us
form in the upper right to ask questions. We monitor the mail box about 18 hours a day so we can reply
back to you very quickly. We can also modify the CCNA Voice kit so it is less expensive if you are willing
to compromise on some features.
15. What Is the CertificaitonKits Trade-Up Program?
In a nutshell something no other vendor is willing to offer to you and gives you that piece of mind that your
equipment won't get phased out without the opportunity to upgrade! For any routers or switches you
purchase from us, we will allow you to trade it in for a higher priced router or switch in the future as your
Cisco certification lab grows for 100% of our retail value of the unit! This way you do not lose money
upgrading your equipment. We are here to see you all the way up to CCIE as your Cisco certification
partner! Please see the Trade-Up Program link on the left for full program details.
Anything Else You Can Suggest?
Well, a few things. If you do not have a 9 pin serial adapter on your computer, please make sure you
purchase a 9 pin serial to USB adapter! Why is that? Because the console kits that Cisco includes with all
their routers and switches is for a 9 pin serial adapter. Why doesn't Cisco include a usb style adapter? I
venture to say that they don't want to get into the business of supporting drivers for Windows, Macs,
Linux, etc. You want to make sure your routers can support IPv6 as doing those labs will really help the
IPv6 concepts sink in./p> Finally, we highly suggest you checkout our CCNA v2.0 Study Center section of
our website. Here you will find access to over 350 CCNA articles explaining the most difficult concepts to
master. That is not it, you will also have access to over 100 CCNA R&S, CCNA Security and CCNA Voice
labs that are ok, but not up to the standards of our lab workbooks. Why are they only ok? They do not
include the detailed commentary and troubleshooting notes that you will find in our labs in our workbook.
Our newly revised lab workbook is 450+ pages and took about 1,000 hours to create so it is very in depth.
But there is more in this section too! You also get access to over 60 videos and tons of games to make
your CCNA R&S studies fun such as exam questions, flash cards, CCNA Hangman, Jeopardy, Million
Dollar Question and much more! Also go LIKE our Facebook page now CertificationKits Facebook
Page to get your daily CCENT and CCNA Test Question of the Day and CCNA articles delivered to your
Facebook news feed!
How to build your Cisco CCNP or Cisco CCIE Lab
Feel free to review our Cisco CCNP and Cisco CCIE Certification lab suggestion articles below:
CCNP Lab Suggestions
CCIE Lab Suggestions
16. ?
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