2. 28/m presented with diminision of vision since 15 years and is using
spectacles since then. h/o changing spectacles every year. Now
concerned about surgical options
* what is your diagnosis
*what are the treatment options
KERATOCONUS
3. Same patient presented with sudden onset pain and
worsening of vision.associated with watering and photophobia
* what is your diagnosis
*what are the treatment options
ACUTE HYDROPS
4. 60/m farmer presented with sudden pain and diminision of RE
following trauma with stick.
* what is your diagnosis
* enumerate the clinical feautures
*how will you manage this case
* describe the complications and sequale
FUNGAL KERATITIS
5. 32/m c/o pain, photophobia ,DV RE for past 2 days
gives h/o contact lens wear overnight
*diagnosis
*approach to diagnosis and management
ACANTHAMEBA KERATITIS/PSEUDOMONAS
6. 6/m presented with drooping of eyelids since birth . Now c/o
obscuration of vision
* diagnosis and classify
*treatment approach
CONGENITAL PTOSIS
7. 57/m presented to opd with severe pain and swelling medial
to LE. Gives h/o watering in same eye for past 2 yrs. h/o
purulent discharge + on and off for which he has used eye
drops OTC.
* diagnosis
*stages of the disease
*steps of treament
ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTIS
8. New born baby developed mucopurulent discharge next day
from birth
*give your differential diagnosis for watering of eyes in
newborn
* what are causative agents for this condition and how will
you differantiate
OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM
9. 45/f c/o 6 weeks duration of red eye with discharge . h/o
swimming in a public pool +.
*diagnosis
*clinical features
*treatment
TRACHOMA
10. 35/ m presents to his doctor with erythematous, swollen right
eyelids.worsening over previous 2 days.he is unable to open the eye,
feels unwell and has fever.
Examination revealed marked lid swelling,proptosis,chemosis and
congestion, movements limited in all direction.vision and colour
vision normal.pupils-normal. Fundus-normal
*diagnosis and management
ORBITAL CELLULITIS
11. 75/f attends emergency department with headache
,nausea,vomiting.she says her RE is red and painful.vision is
reduced.O/E lid is edematous,ccc+, cornea is cloudy. Pupil is mid-
dilated and non-reactive, vertically oval. No view of fundus
* enumerate causes of acute red eye
*diagnosis of this pt
*management of this case
ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
12. 8/m c/o itching in both eyes with irritation.O/E papillae+ over
palpebral conjunctiva, conjunctival discolouration+ opacity at
the limbus+.
* diagnosis
* what are the signs you will look for
*treatment - stepwise
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
13. 60/m farmer presented with sudden pain in RE associated with
foreinbody sensation. O/E epithelial defect in branching pattern seen.
* what is your differential diagnosis
* enumerate the clinical feautures
*how will you manage this case
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
14. 38/m c/o redness ,pain LE since 1 week. He is taking treatment
for rheumatoid arthritis. O/E congestion in tempoaral region
with scleral edema.
*diagnosis
*treatment
SCLERITIS
15. 60/f presented with gradual painless loss of vision over some
months. She noticed that the problem was particularly bad at
bright sunshine.
*probable diagnosis
*how can it be confirmed
*treatment advised
SENILE CATARACT
16. 65/m presented with acute onset of pain and redness in his
right eye which has long standing light perception vision .
O/E cornea is cloudy details couldn’t be made. Intraocular
pressure is high
*diagnosis
*treatment
LENS INDUCED GLAUCOMA
17. 55/m presented with defective vision since 3yrs gradually
progressive.h/o frequent change of near vision glasses +. O/E
IOP-24mmhg, CDR- 0.8.
* how will you proceed with this case
PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
18. 80/m with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, hyphema, elevated
intraocular pressure after central retinal vein occlusion in RE.
known case of systemic hypertension
* diagnosis
*etiology of this condition
*management
NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA
19. 27/m presents with 2 days h/o painful red eye. Vision is slightly
blurred and he dislikes bright light.otherwise fit and complains of
backache. He wears no glasses.
* likely diagnosis
*what do you expect to find on examination
*treatment
ANTERIOR UVEITIS
20. 60/m farmer presented with sudden pain and diminision of BE since
4 days. h/o trauma with stick to RE 1 year back for which treatment
has been taken. O/E ccc+ , kps+, rentrolental flare + in both eyes.
* what is your diagnosis
* enumerate the clinical feautures
*how will you manage this case
* describe the complications and sequale
SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA
21. 60/m farmer presented with sudden pain and diminision of RE .
h/o cataract surgery done 3 days ago. He is a k/c/o diabetes mellitus
on treatment.O/E ccc+, cornea –hazy , hypopyon +
* what is your diagnosis
* enumerate the clinical feautures
*how will you manage this case
* describe the complications and sequale
ENDOPHTHALMITIS
22. 58/m c/o gradual blurring of vision RE since 3 months. Cataract
surgery done 5 years ago.
O/E vn- 6/24 no ph improvement
pciol+, opacification+, fundus- hazy, otherwise normal
* enumerate causes of DV following cataract surgery
*diagnosis
* types and management
POSTERIOR CAPSULAR OPACIFICATION
23. 56/f c/o blurring of vision in LE since 1 week. h/o cataract surgery
done 2 months ago following which vision was good. She noticed
detoriating of vision recently
O/E fundus- foveal reflex absent
FFA- showed flower petal appearance in macula
*diagnosis
*clinical features
* investigation and treatment
CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA
24. 60/m diabetic pt presents with diminision of RE sine 2 months
O/E vn-6/60
fundus- dot and blot hemorrhage +, hard exudates + in macula
* what is your diagnosis
* enumerate the clinical features and classification
*how will you manage this case
* list the complications
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
25. 60/m k/c/o coronary heart disease presents with sudden painless loss
of vision
O/E vn –PL+, RAPD+
fundus- pale disc+ , cherry red spot+
* what is your diagnosis
* enumerate the clinical feautures
*how will you manage this case
* causes of cherry red spot
CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION
26. 26/f presents with a 3 day h/o blurring of vision in RE.this has become
progressively worse.she also has pain caused by moving the eye.she
has previously had an episode of weakness in the right arm 2 years
ago, but settled without treatment.
O/E vision is 6/60 no improvement with pinhole
central scotoma+. Eye is quiet except for relative afferent pupillary
defect
* diagnosis
*investigations
* management and prognosis
OPTIC NEURITIS
27. 23/f admitted headache and diplopia.she is obese and on
some supplements.you are called to see fundus
* what will you look for
* pathology and stagisg of the condition
PAPILLOEDEMA
28. 34/m c/o defective night vision since 3 years. h/o similar complaints
present to his father and siblings
O/E vision 6/12
visual field test showed ring scotoma
fundus- pale optic disc , hyperpigmented lesions present in the
periphery
* list the causes of ring scotoma and night blindness
* diagnosis and etiology
* fundus diagram and management
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
29. 1 month old newborn baby is referred to you for fundus
examination. Baby born at 31 weeks of gestation. Kept in ICU
for O2 support for 2 weeks. Birth weight 1.8kg
* what will you look for in fundus
*what is the screening protocol
*how will you manage each stage of the disease
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
30. 44/m presented with sudden loss of central vision in LE since 3 days.
He is working in a company in night shifts claims to have inadequate
sleep . He is taking medications for bronchial asthma since 8 yrs.
O/E vn- 6/36 no ph improvement
refraction showed +2 DS
* diagnosis
*management
CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
31. 35/f presented with sudden diminution of vision RE. associated with
flashes and sudden increase in floaters. h/o using thick spectacles for
distant vision since childhood.
* what is your diagnosis
* enumerate the fundus feautures
*how will you manage this case
RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
32. Tips for exams
Always write under proper headings
(definition,etiology,pathogenesis,symptoms,signs,investigations,treatment,complications)
Remember things in same manner
Try to draw diagrams wherever possible
Try to illustrate in colours
Highlight important poists and signs
Read the case scenario properly and try to get the clue . Atleast try to give differential diagnosis
