3. COMPONENTS OF VOCATIONAL
GUIDANCE
• Analysis of The Individual
• Occupational Information
• Consultation
• Vocational Counselling
• Placement
• Community Occupational Surveys and Follow-up Studies
• Evaluation
4. VOCATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• TERMS USED IN VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
a) Career
b) Employability
c) Course
d) Training
e) Competence
f) Knowledge
g) Skills
5. Ginzberg and his associates (1951) divided the total span of
the vocational choice process into three stages:
a) the fantasy stage 0-11 years
b) Tentative age 11-18 years
c) Realistic stage from 18-30
6. ROLE OF EGO PROCESSES
The ego processes considered critical in vocational development are:
• reality testing,
• ability to delay gratification,
• development of an appropriate time perspective, and
• ability to make compromises.
These processes mature over time and affect the adequacy of the
vocational development
7. SUPER’S SELF-IMAGE THEORY (SUPER
1957)
• As a result of childhood experiences, people develop a view of
themselves which they can test out in a variety of role playing
experiences as they progress through childhood and adolescence.
8. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• People differ in their abilities, interests and personalities
• They are qualified, by virtue of their characteristics, for a
number of occupations
• Vocational preferences and competences, the situation in
which people live and work, and hence their self-images,
change with time and experience, making choice and
adjustment a continuous process
9. CNT’D
• The nature of the career patterns is determined by the individual’s
parental socio-economic level, mental ability, personality
characteristics, and the opportunities to which he/she is exposed
• Development through life can be guided partly by facilitating the
maturation of abilities and interests, and by helping with reality tests
and the development of the self-image
• Work and life satisfaction depends upon the extent to which the
individual finds outlets for his/her interest, personality traits and
values
10. HOLLAND THEORY OF
VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• Holland (1966) suggested six (6) basic personality types and
occupational environment:
1. realistic,
2. intellectual,
3. social,
4.conventional,
5.enterprising and
6.artistic.
11. People search for environments and vocations that will
permit them to exercise their skills and abilities, express their
attitudes and values, take on agreeable problems and roles,
and avoid disagreeable ones.
A person’s behavior can be explained by the interaction of
hi/her personality patterns and his/her environment
12. TWO MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN
THE PROCESS OF OCCUPATIONAL
CHOICE
• First people choose occupational fields that they perceive to be similar
to their predominant type.
13. RIGHT JOB SEEKING BEHAVIOR
• Obtain information in the public services and other
business organization
• Ask your friends for information about job openings
• Read the classified advertisements in the local
newspapers, magazines, journals and other periodicals
• Visit employers to find out what job opportunities they
have
• Write a business plan to try to create self-employment
• Write job-seeking applications
• Fill job application forms
14. • Attend a job interview
• Prepare for the interview
• Travel to, and arrive on time at, the premises for the job
interview
• Know how to deal with job interview questions
• Know what to do after the interview
• Know how to adjust to the
• Demands of the job
15. • Listen carefully to each question before attempting to answer it
• Think first before you reply and try to foresee the consequences of
your answer lest you be asked < why? How? When? >
• Try to avoid a heated confrontation with your prospective
employers. Remain cool, defend your point of view in an agreeable
way and be willing to acknowledge that there is some sense in
opposing views without actually accepting them
• Whatever questions are asked- closed, open, hypothetical, multiple,
leading or unexpected question- you should try to understand the
argument or question before answering. Sift the information to find
out where to begin what to put in, and what to leave out
