This presentation deals with the severity of cancer, the risk factors for the same & cancer-fighting superfoods & relevant literatures supporting the same.

1. AUTHORED BY:
VISHNU.R.NAIR,
PHARM.D 5TH YEAR,
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY(NCP).

2.  GENERAL INTRODUCTION
 RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER
 ROLE OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS IN COMBATING CANCER
 CANCER-FIGHTING SUPERFOODS

3. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

4.  Cancer refers to a disease, characterized by ABNORMAL GROWTH of CELLS,
that harm body in many ways
 There are more than 100 types of cancers
 Each cancer has a different set of clinical manifestations
 According to AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY  Cancer is the 2nd most common
cause of death in the US
 According to UNITED STATES CANCER STATISTICS  More than 5,75,000
deaths, & > 1.5 million new cases of cancer occur every year in the US
 According to WHO  New cancer cases are expected to rise by about 70% over
the next 15-20 years!!!!

5. RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER

6. Risk factors include:
1. Advancing age
2. Excessive smoking
3. High alcohol consumption
4. Excessive sun exposure
5. Obesity
6. Harmful chemicals exposure
7. Second-hand smoke
8. Genetic predisposition
9. Certain viruses.

7. ROLE OF LIFESTYLE
MODIFICATIONS IN
COMBATING CANCER

8. Although hereditary & some environmental risk factors for
cancer can’t be avoided  making healthy diet & lifestyle
choices  can reduce cancer risk propensity
A well-planned diet  contains superfoods, rich in
ANTIOXIDANTS & PHYTOCHEMICALS  Reduces risks
of cancers!!

9. CANCER-FIGHTING
SUPERFOODS

10.  Include:
1. Broccoli
2. Green tea
3. Tomatoes
4. Blueberries
5. Ginger
6. Garlic
7. Spinach
8. Pomegranate
9. Walnuts
10. Grapes.

11. BROCCOLI

12.  Broccoli  consists of compounds, known as “GLUCOSINOLATES”  produce
protective enzymes inside body
 SULFORAPHANE(protective enzyme found in broccoli)  has 2 actions:
a. Flushes out cancer-causing chemicals
b. Targets cancer stem cells  prevent tumor growth
• According to a study conducted by scientists at LINUS PAULING INSTITUTE in
OREGAN STATE UNIVERSITY  SULFORAPHANE(in broccoli)  helps
prevent cancer
• Broccoli is effective in preventing the following cancers:
a. Mouth
b. Breast
c. Liver
d. Lung
e. Bladder

13. f. Esophageal
g. Stomach
- REMEDY:
• Eat about 2 cups of broccoli(boiled/steamed), 2-3 times, every week.

14. GREEN TEA

15.  Reduce risk of various cancers!
 Green tea  consists of the following compounds, that prevent development of
cancer cells:
a. Catechins
b. Xanthine derivatives
c. Epicatechin
d. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)
• According to a 2008 review on “GREEN TEA & CANCER PREVENTION”,
published in the journal “Chinese Medicine”  green tea has protective effects
against the following cancers:
a. Gastrointestinal
b. Breast
c. Lung
d. Prostate.

16.  REMEDY:
a. Drink 3-4 cups of green tea daily
b. Consume green tea extracts(after physician recommendation).

17. TOMATOES

18.  Tomatoes  consist of LYCOPENE  powerful ANTIOXIDANT!
 Lycopene  boosts immune system  protects cells from damage  blocks
abnormal cell growth
 Tomatoes  good source of Vitamins “A”, “C” & “E”  Prevent free-radical
damage in the body
 According to a 2013 study published in “Journal of Nutritional Science &
Vitaminology”  it was found that men, who ate more tomatoes & tomato-based
products (both raw & cooked)  had low risk of developing prostate cancers !!!
 Tomatoes help prevent the following cancers:
a. Endometrial
b. Breast
c. Lung
d. Stomach.

19.  REMEDY:
a. Eat 1 cup of sliced tomatoes daily
b. For maximum benefits  include tomato sauce, paste & juice in your diet!

20. BLUEBERRIES

21.  Blueberries  rich in cancer-fighting phytonutrients & antioxidants  neutralize
free radicals  prevent cellular damage  reduce cancer risk
 Blueberries  contain Vitamins “C”, “K”, Mn+2, and dietary fibers  reduce
cancer risk
 According to a 2013 study published in “Anticancer Agents in Medicinal
Chemistry”  blueberries are found to have anti-cancer properties, for which,
more pre-clinical studies are required
 Blueberries help prevent the following types of cancers:
a. Mouth h. Breast.
b. Ovarian
c. Colon
d. Liver
e. Prostate
f. Lung
g. Skin

22.  REMEDY:
- Eat half-1 cup of fresh/frozen blueberries daily.

23. GINGER

24.  Possess potent antioxidant properties
 According to a 2007 study, published in “BMC Complementary and Alternative
Medicine”  ginger has potential to combat ovarian cancer!!
 Ginger  blocks cancer from growing  prevents its metastasis
 According to a 2012 study, published in “British Journal of Nutrition”  ginger is
effective in preventing prostate cancer!
 Ginger also has protective effects against the following types of cancers:
a. Colorectal
b. Lung
c. Breast
d. Skin
e. Pancreatic.

25.  REMEDY:
- Drink 2-3 cups of ginger tea daily
- Consult physician before taking ginger supplements.

26. GARLIC

27.  Garlic  contains following compounds, that reduce risk of cancers:
a. Arginine
b. Sulphur
c. Selenium
d. Flavonoids
e. Oligosaccharides
• Regular garlic intake  arrests tumor cell growth
• According to a 2000 study, published in “American Society for Clinical Nutrition”
 intake of raw/cooked garlic  provides protective effects against stomach &
colorectal cancers!!
• REMEDY:
- Focus on consuming raw/cooked garlic daily(rather than taking garlic
supplements).

28. SPINACH

29.  Spinach  consists of LUTEIN  powerful antioxidant!!
 Spinach  consists of ZEAXANTHIN & CAROTEINOIDS  prevent free-radical
damage
 Spinach  consists of the following compounds that prevent cancers:
a. Beta-carotene
b. Fiber
c. Vitamin A
d. Folate
• Protects against the following cancers:
a. Mouth f. Stomach
b. Ovarian
c. Lung
d. Endometrial
e. Esophageal

30.  REMEDY:
- Eat 1 cup of spinach few times a week
- Add spinach to salads, vegetable juice, etc
- Since spinach is high in OXALIC ACID  it inhibits absorption of IRON &
CALCIUM in body  consider taking A GLASS OF ORANGE JUICE/ TOMATO,
after eating spinach
- Avoid spinach, if you are on a “OXALATE-RESTRICTED DIET”!!

31. POMEGRANATE

32.  Contains powerful antioxidants
 Pomegranate  consists of the following compounds, that modulate cellular
biochemistry:
a. Phenols
b. Flavonoids
c. Tannins
d. Anthocyanins
• Pomegranate  consists of POLYPHENOLS  keep a check on various biological
events, involved in cancer pathogenesis & progression
• Helps protect against the following cancers:
a. Breast e. Prostate.
b. Colon
c. Liver
d. Skin

33.  REMEDY:
- Consume pomegranate fruit in morning/ as salad
- Drinking its juice(without milk) is also useful!!

34. WALNUTS

35.  Consist of polyphenols & phytochemicals, that have antioxidant properties
 Walnuts  consist of the following anti-cancer principles:
a. Ellogitannins
b. Alpha-linolenic acid
c. Gamma-tocopherol
• According to a 2012 study, published in “American Institute for Cancer
Research”  walnuts help to prevent breast cancer in animals!
• Also reduce risk of:
a. Prostate cancer
b. Skin cancer
• REMEDY:
- Eat 1 ounce of walnuts(7 shelled walnuts) daily.

36. GRAPES

37.  Grapes & grape-seed extracts  rich in antioxidant(RESVERATROL)  have
anti-cancer benefits
 Grapes  show 2 actions:
a. Block action of a protein involved in tumor growth
b. Possess anti-inflammatory effects  prevent chronic oxidative stress & chronic
inflammation (main causes of cancer!)
• According to a 2005 study, published in “Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry”  polyphenols present in grapes  possess anti-tumor effects!
• According to a study, published in “Journal of Nutrition” in 2009  both grapes
& grape-based extracts  excellent sources of various anti-cancer agents!!!
• REMEDY:
- Eat a cup of grapes daily
- Consume grapeseed extract on physician advice.

38. THANK YOU!!!