The document provides an overview of Canada, including its population, geography, climate, economy, culture, and social norms. Key details include Canada having a population of over 35 million people, being the second largest country by total area, having a diverse population and official languages of English and French. The economy relies heavily on resources like oil and gas as well as manufacturing and services, and Canadians enjoy sports like ice hockey, lacrosse, and skiing in their leisure time.

1. Introducing ~ Canada
#1. Assignment of HRM Course
Student Id – M0345028
Summited to Professor DJ
Student Name Sumit Basu

2. Table of Content
1. Introduction…………………………………….Page 3
2. Basic Information about Canada ………...Page 4- 6
3. Weather Information ………………………….Page 7
4. Economy and business activity ……………..Page 8
5. Value and Belief ………………………………Page 9
6. Social Life in Canada ……………………Page 10-13
7. People Relation and Business Norms …Page 14-18
8. Culture Shock ………………………………..Page 19
9. Recommendation to foreign employee ……Page 20
10. Reference ……………………………………Page 21
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3. Introduction about Canada
A land of vast distances and rich natural
resources, Canada became a self-governing
dominion in 1867. At 9.98 million square kilo
meters in total, Canada is the world's second-
largest country by total area and the fourth-
largest country by land area. Its common
border with the United States is the world's
longest land border shared by the same two
countries. Canada is a federal parliamentary
democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with
Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. Canada
is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Canada is a developed country and one of the
wealthiest in the world, with the eighth highest
per capita income globally, and the eighth
highest ranking in the Human Development
Index.
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4. Basic Information
 Population : 35,540,419 (2014 est.)
 Land (Km)2 : 9,984,670 (2nd highest in the world)
 Highest Point: Mt. Logan (Yukon) 19,551 ft. (5,959 m)
 Religion : Canada is a multi religion Country .Most of them are catholic followed by other religion.
4
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
Catholic Protestant Anglican Muslim Baptist Hindu Sikh Irreligious Other
Unspecified
Religion in Canada
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5. 5
 Ethnics : According to the 2006 census, the country's largest self-reported ethnic
origin is Canadian (accounting for 32% of the population), followed by English (21%),
French (15.8%), Scottish (15.1%), Irish (13.9%), German (10.2%), Italian (4.6%),
Chinese (4.3%), First Nations (4.0%), Ukrainian (3.9%), and Dutch (3.3%).
 Languages : English, French
 GDP (US$) : 2014 estimate (15th in world)
Total : $1.579 trillion
Per capita : $44,519
 Capital : Ottawa
Night-time panorama of Ottawa at night,
featuring the Canadian Museum of
Civilization in the front
Chang Gung University, School of Business. 2014

6. 6
 Education system and skill workforce
Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly,
funded and overseen by Government .
Canada spends about 5.4% of its GDP on education
Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary .
Education in both English and French has been available in most places across Canada .
Most education programs in Canada begin in kindergarten (age five) or grade one (age six) and go to grade twelve (age
17 or 18), except in Quebec, where students finish a year earlier. After completion of a secondary school diploma,
students may go on to post-secondary studies.
Also About 5.6% of students are in private schools . A far larger portion of private schools are religious based institutions.
Levels in education : -
Kinder Garden starting from age 3 to 6 . Elementary education starts from age 6 to 12 . Junior High are completed
between age 12-15 and high school will be from 15 to 18 normally . Afterwards university education starts to obtain
master ,Ph.D. .
 Currency in Canada : Its Canadian Dollar ($) .
1 Canadian Dollar equals 0.89 US Dollar equals 27.05 New Taiwan Dollar .
Chang Gung University, School of Business. 2014

7. Weather - Four Seasons in Canada
 Average winter and summer high temperatures
across Canada vary depending on the location.
 In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the
ground almost six months of the year (more in
the north).
 Coastal British Columbia is an exception and
enjoys a temperate climate with a mild and
rainy winter.
 On the east and west coast, average high
temperatures are generally in the low 20 °C ,
while between the coasts the average summer
high temperature ranges from 25 to 30°C with
occasional extreme heat in some interior
locations exceeding 40°C .
 Canada is also geologically active, having many
earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes.
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Chang Gung University, School of Business. 2014

8. Economic and Business Activity
Canada is the world's eleventh-largest economy, with a 2012 nominal GDP of approximately US$1.82 trillion,
and is one of the world's top ten trading nations, with a highly globalized economy.
Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed
the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free
Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico)
touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US, its principal trading partner.
 Prime Business Sector : - Canada’s Prime Business is Petroleum , Gas and agriculture . Canada having
13% of the global oil reserves, the world's third-largest.
 Manufacturing Industry :- The country produce majorly Chemicals, plastics ,rubber ,Non-metallic mineral
,metal , Petroleum and coal Machinery, computers ,electronics and Transportation industry aerospace
technology , Clothing , Foods.
 Service Industry : - Financial institution , Bank , Tourism , Education, Communication , Government.
 Global Supply chain and logistics :- The supply chain is one of the most essential sectors of the
Canadian economy, involving more than 767,000 workers .The country Have 1,467 Airport which is 4th
highest in the world . 5th longest railway (46,552 km) and 7th longest Roadways (1,042,300 km) in the world.
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9. Value and belief on Canadian Citizen
 Throughout Canada's history, its culture has been influenced by European culture and traditions,
especially British and French.
 As democratic nation, Canada has a value system that is founded on equality, freedom, and respect
for all individuals in society .
 Belief in the importance of respecting human dignity.
 It is customary to shake hands when being introduced. It is not usually considered objectionable to
lightly touch someone on the shoulder or elbow during a discussion. Most Canadians do not often
kiss or hug when greeting friends.
 In Canada, people use their given name first and their surname (family name) last . In Taiwan it is
opposite .
 In Hospitality or restaurant industry giving tips is a Basic norms in Canada . In Taiwan there is
nothing like this.
 The Canadian do not ask personal questions and will refuse to answer should you be foolish enough
to intrude on their privacy .
 Canadians are generally quite friendly and will often smile at strangers. According to our Canadian
friends, not smiling back at a stranger is seen as rude.
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10. Social Life of Canada
 Living : - Living in Canada is very peaceful for there citizen since the govt is strict about
there rules and norm . It has most beautiful nature and scenic beauty places to travel and
enjoy the weekends . How ever the cost of living is pretty much high compare to Taiwan.
Canadians leisure and activities are as follows .
 Food : - Canadian cuisine are mix of three country’s cuisine i.e. English, Scottish and
French. National food includes are Poutine, Butter tarts, Macaroni & Cheese . The sweets
and desert dises are found very delicious .
Interesting Food facts : - Don’t freak out when you see ‘Beaver Tails’ on the menu - it’s not
what you think. It’s actually a delicious pastry, deep fried with cinnamon and sugar dusting.
Poutine is something you’ll need to fall in love with too if you move to Canada: fries, cheese
curds and gravy. Yum! .
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11. Canadian Sports
Sports in Canada consists of a wide variety of games.
There are many contests that Canadians value, the
most common sports are ice hockey, lacrosse,
Canadian football, basketball, soccer, curling and
baseball, with ice hockey and lacrosse being the
official winter and summer sports.
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Ice Hockey
Official Winter Sport
Chang Gung University, School of Business. 2014
Lacrosse
Official Summer Sport

12. 12
Canadian Sports.
Skiing
Snowboarding Curling
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13. Tourist spot
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Vancouver
Niagara Falls
Polar Bears of Churchill, Manitoba
Toronto's CN Tower

14. Communications & People Relation
Business Norms…..
 The ethnic diversity of Canada means that rules of social propriety are quite complex. There are
certain general expectations. Greeting, except in formal settings, does not require touching in the
form of embraces or handshakes. Behavior in public should be subdued. Rowdiness and loud
speech, for example, are considered inappropriate except under special circumstances or in
places such as bars or other venues. As a community, Canadians are in general soft spoken,
patient, and almost apologetic in their public behavior. They are also in general tolerant of the
complex network of cultural differences in public behavior, more so in cities perhaps, where such
diversity is more common place.
 The Canadian are hospitable, yet this is often reserved for family and friends. In business they
tend to be reserved and formal .
 The Canadian are extremely direct in their communication.
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15. 14
Appearance in Canada
 Plan for a very cold climate, especially during their winter.
 Men should wear a dark conservative business suit with tie, especially in cities . Conservative colors of navy
and gray, and shirts in white and light blue.
 Women should wear a conservative business suit or dress, especially in cities. Select your clothing with
classic lines and colors in mind. Navy, gray, ivory, and white are the basics to work with. The major cities can
be very sophisticated.
 Casual attire is appropriate when you are not working. The weather and activity will dictate what you will be
wearing. Build a casual wardrobe using the classic colors .
Behavior in Canada
 Be punctual for meetings and appointments, as promptness is valued. In French areas, time is more relaxed.
However, you will be expected to arrive at the appointed time, even if the French attending the meeting don't .
 Do not eat while walking in public. Plan your time so you can stop in a café or restaurant to enjoy your snack.
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16. 16
 Gifts are not routinely given. If you do give a gift when you arrive or when you are leaving, make it a
modest one. A lavish gift, though accepted, would be frowned upon . Gifts are given to celebrate
finalizing a negotiation, a contract, or a project. Gifts for the office, a nice bottle of wine or liquor would
be appropriate.
 Taking a business associate to a nice meal or an evening sporting event, play, or symphony is always a
nice gesture.
 Invitations to private homes are rare. Occasionally, in the western provinces, you may be invited to
someone's home.
 Wait for your host to start a business conversation during or following a meal. Traditionally, business is
not discussed during dinner; however, this is slowly changing.
 Personal space and body movement or gestures differ between the English and the French provinces
and cities. In English areas, body movement is minimal, there is rarely touching other than handshakes,
and personal space - how close someone stands - is about two feet. In French areas, people stand
closer together, people will frequently touch, and gestures are more expressive.
 Most Canadians with full-time careers work from roughly 9 AM to 5 PM Monday through Friday (so-
called 9-to-5 jobs). 12 noon is usually considered lunchtime, while 6 PM is approximately when most
families eat dinner.
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17. 17
Communications in Canada
 Eating with an open mouth or talking with a full mouth; unapologetic public belching, nose-blowing or other
releases of bodily functions — all considered extremely disgusting and are usually expected to be followed
by an apologetic “Excuse me.”
 Pointing or staring at strangers — considered rude and a form of leering.
 French Canadians stand closer and are more demonstrative when talking.
 For French Canadians, print all material in French and English.
 Information is shared across departments and corporate strategies and goals are usually communicated to
all employees, especially in more entrepreneurial companies.
 Meetings adhere to strict agendas, including starting and ending times. Do not attempt to deviate from the
agenda.
 Don't be boastful, and don't overstate your product or service's capabilities. You could implicate your
company in a legal situation.
Chang Gung University, School of Business. 2014

18. Negotiations
 Have a plan. Decide on your desired outcome before you negotiate and set
your boundaries. It is easy to define your best case scenario, but what is
the minimum you are willing to agree to, before you walk away from the
negotiating table.
 Focus on interests, not positions — Both sides want something. Focus on
the goals rather than on how you want to accomplish those goals.
 be energetic, confident, and persistent; they enjoy arguing their positions,
and see things universally -- i.e., they like to talk about broad applications
of idea.
 concentrate on one problem at a time.
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19. Culture shock
 What will cause a foreign worker culture shock, What will cause
embarrassment or conflict in personal relations?
 The Canadian attitude towards hierarchy probably does not really matter, A Canadian boss
will be addressed by its first name.
 Meeting can be called at any time and in any place.
 Business entertainment is common, but the focus usually remains on business. The person
who invites is normally expected to pay.
 Do not compare Canada with the United States . It’s likely to be taken very sensitive issue.
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20. Recommendation to foreign Workers
 You need to be ready for the cold weather .
 You don’t need to let go of your culture or values after moving to Canada, but you do need to
evolve so that you can successfully adjust and have the greatest chance of achieving
success.
 Researching, looking for and applying for jobs in Canada can be lengthy process , Bring
enough funds to tide you through your first few months.
 You should know the basic cost of living in your adopted city before you move. If you move
and are surprised by how expensive rent or transportation is, that’s not the city’s fault — it’s
yours. Research is crucial.
 It is illegal to smoke in public places.
 Have high hopes and expect great things.
 Feel this is a very exciting time.
 Feel everything is new and interesting.
 Feel confident and that you can easily cope with problems and stress.
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21. 21
The Canadian encyclopedia
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/
Central Intelligence Agency
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html
Supply chain of Canada
http://www.supplychaincanada.org
Government of Canada
http://www.canada.ca/en/index.html
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Reference