Breaking Barriers Uniting People Integrated Design Study

ADP026N
Integrated Design Study
Project Report

Breaking Barriers Uniting People

Sadiqa Jabbar
01000566
Unit 6 2008/9

Introduction

Cultural Context and Communication

Management Practice and Law

Envrionment and Sustainability

Construction, Materials and Structures

Bibliography

Contents
IDS Report

The enforcement of the physical barriers and external sociological issues has enclosed the Jagdamba Camp
from the ‘outside’ world, thus creating a self-sufficient tight-knit settlement. Many neighbouring communities
do not want to associate with Jagdamba. However, the one pastime that seems to unite people irrespective of
their social class is the love for Bollywood movies. As one walks through the camp, and indeed the streets of
Delhi in general, the sound of Bollywood flows out of dwellings, vehicles and mobile phones alike.

The site located on the junction of Panchsheel Vihar and Jagdamba Camp will become the hub of the community.
By ‘Breaking barriers and uniting people’ the scheme proposes to create permanent healthcare facilities within
a square that programmes an open air cinema, markets, celebrations, trade fairs, and other events on a daily,
weekly or seasonal basis. Considering the high adult illiteracy and the number of school drop outs in the camp,
the establishment of training academies offering vocational courses will provide people with practical income
generating skills.

Introduction

Cultural Context and Communication


Upon entering the settlement for the first
Jagdamba Camp Khirki time one feels slightly overwhelmed at the
narrowness of the streets, the alarmingly open
Greenview DDA Panchsheel
drains and the occasional drips from clothes
Flats Extension
on makeshift washing lines overhead. The
Sheikh Sarai Phase 1 Site Boundary natural curiosity of the inhabitants initially
expressed through uncertain smiles and
Panchsheel Vihar nods of heads, soon turns into a cacophony
of “Hellos” and vigorous shaking of hands.
Once the arrival of a stranger becomes
known it doesn’t take long before groups
of friendly and excitable children gather
round, as though appearing out of thin air,
showering greetings and the unforgettable
“One photo! One photo!”… Welcome to the
India (NTS) Delhi (NTS) Jagdamba Camp, Sheikh Sarai, South Delhi!

Large imposing boundary walls enclose the
camp from the outside world, transforming
Jagdamba into a world of its own. The
dense settlement reaches 4 storeys in parts.
A police station, government horticulture
office and nursery, water treatment plant,
Sheikh Sarai school and crematorium border the northern
Phase 1 Chirag Dilli peripheries, while DDA flats, trade blocks and
largely open land enclose the south. Walking
through the narrow streets is an experience

Naala
which differs each time. The ground levels
change as does the atmosphere of music,
laughter, conversations and trade, which

Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg
serves the community within, as well as the
area at large.
Triveni
JAGDAM DDA Flas
BA CAM
P
Greenview
oad

DDA Flats
ain R iM
K hirk

Sheikh Sarai
Phase 2
Panchsheel
a
Naal

Vihar
Panchsheel
Extension

Khirki Village

Jagdamba Camp, Sheikh Sarai, South Delhi (1:5000)
Residential Communities

Jagdamba Camp
SHeikh Sarai, South Delhi, India

laughter
water bo
llyw
ood

anima
ls
ic brick
ob
aph
str dirt
clau
open drains

ht
tig
ge
wa
se
nse
de

As one travels deeper into the settlement,
the significance of sanitation, sewage,
w
rro

healthcare and water supply becomes
na

increasingly apparent. The large open drains
are health and safety hazards with annual
monsoon flooding contaminating homes
with raw sewage. There is a daily 2 hour
community slot for a fresh water supply from pumps
located at various points within the camp.
A Government rationing system for food
and Government toilets exist, charging 1
rupee to use the toilet and 2 rupees for a
shower. However, the corruption takes its
toll and results in many young children
going without. Consequently the communal
streets and chowks are also used to cook,
clean, bathe and as informal toilets.

Political influences appear to prevent the
improvement of the living conditions for
the inhabitants, ranging from healthcare,
sanitation and education, to land ownership.
Politicians make their occasional visits to
drum up support during the election periods.
Yet the adult population remains largely
illiterate and many teenagers often leave
school to support their families. Despite their
problems, the Jagdamba community remain
ever welcoming to the unknown stranger.

Jagdsamba Camp
View from within

Social divide

There is a social hierarchy within India based
on a caste system introduced as a judicial
system in medieval India. Although it is
now fading out in cities it is still an issue in
many villages today. Now regarded as social
class, differentiation between people is still
a major issue within the site as many people
regard Jagdamba residents with disgust or
pity. These invisible barriers surrounding
Jagdamba add to the physical boundaries
cutting them off from the ‘outside’ world.

Jagdamba Camp

Triveni DDA Flats

Sheikh Sarai Phase 1

Panchsheel Vihar

Khirki

Panchsheel Extension

Site Boundary

Social, Political, Economical and Professional Context

Men and Women

There is a spatial difference in the use of
spaces between men and women. The
men are commonly seen in the streets
and bazaars, whether they are working
or travelling to and fro. They are in the
forefront of public spaces. Women tend to
be working ‘behind-the-scenes’. They are
usually within the house or as in Jagdamba
within the streets directly outside their
homes socialising with family, friends and
neighbours. There is some relationship with
inside-outside, public-private spaces that
could be genderised. One way of eliminating
this stark differentiation is to introduce family
friendly spaces that would allow women to
feel more comfortable out in the public. It
would perhaps be a more socially acceptable
way of integrating with society.

Men

Women

Children

Bollywood

Walking through the streets of Jagdamba
and the peripheries, the sound of Bollywood
was almost constant. It is the one common
thread which appeals to people from all
social classes. It is a form of escapism from
everyday life into a world of celebrities and
glamour. The incorporation of a cinema within
the scheme hopes to encourage people to
integrate and share spaces with people from
different economic background.

Healthcare

Due to the large open drains there is lack
of sanitation which leads to many health
problems. Washing, bathing, cooking and
defecating in one place have become the
everyday norm within the camp due to lack
of sanitation facilities. By introducing health
awareness sessions and improving the
facilities available to the residents, health
risks will reduce. Providing more readily
available healthcare may improve the quality
of life reducing the numbers of illnesses.
Educating people with basic first aid and
health awareness will enable minor lifestyle
changes to improve hygiene.

Education

Adult literacy is an issue within the camp as
majority of adults have no skills in reading or
writing. Many cannot afford for their children
to go to school so many teenagers are forced
to leave school and either tend to roam
around streets or help maintain the home.
Although talking to people within the camp
many parents encourage their children to
be educated in order to improve their living
conditions.

Within the camp skills such as metal work,
blacksmith, carpenter, masonry and tailoring
are common. This potentially has the solution
to provide an alternative educational
route for those unable to afford academic
schooling. Training in vocational skills has
the potential to enable participants to earn
while they learn, hence a form of invaluable
education.

Squatter Settlements

Squatter settlements tend to form around
areas with convenient links to work and food.
According to Dr Suri whom I met in India
with a group of students during our field trip,
they tend to be skill orientated. For example
of a group of people may tend to form due to
shared skills in pottery, weaving, masonry or
tailoring. This group gradually expands until
it becomes a cluster or in time a small town.
The difference with a squatter settlement is
that the people tend to settle on land which
is not theirs and therefore becomes illegal.
There is legislation which now allows some
settlements to become legal, then authorised
if they are lucky. The people migrating tend
to be from villages coming to towns in the
hope of finding work to provide an income
for their families back home.

Histories and Theories of Architecture and Urban Design

Chowks/Public Spaces

In India public spaces are not used in the way
they are in European countries. Rather than
use a public square to meet and socialise,
people tend to meet in each other’s houses,
terraces or in the streets directly outside
their homes. The public square is usually
used for trade or thoroughfare. The square in
India is not loved and nurtured in the same
way as they are in European countries. There
seemed to be an attitude of ‘it doesn’t belong
to us so why should we care?’

In order to draw people out and create
a feeling of ownership, there has to be
a programme which allows people to
congregate. The cultural divide between
men and women also inhibits the use of the
square in much the same way as European
squares. Family orientated activities will
allow for a more ‘socially acceptable’ mix
between genders.

Gated Communities

The social divide between the communities
on site are physically represented by gated
compounds. The Greenview DDA apartments
had only one entrance which is guarded by a
couple of security guards. Anyone entering
must have permission or be a resident.
Jagdamba is in a way gated with two
entrances via alleyways only wide enough
for an auto rickshaw at the largest. There is a
sense of security and privacy held by limited
access to the general public as any potential
criminal can be caught with greater ease.

Boundaries, Thresholds and Transitional
Spaces

The treatment of the boundary between
Jagdamba Camp and the Greenview DDA
Apartments was a key issue. The sensitivity
of creating a space that maintained a certain
level of privacy and security for residents
of both communities was vital. Finding a
common ground for a shared space was
something I needed to generate that would
allow both groups of people to use the space
without feeling out of place or not belonging.
My proposal was to create a chowk that
provided services for potentially Greenview
Residents that were hosted by residents of
Jagdamba. Under the natural canopies of
trees, this space has the potential to become
a place to congregate especially during the
summer or monsoon months when shade
and shelter will be sought after.

The Chatri Chowk hence becomes a
transitional space where the residents of
both communities pass through to go to the
Swades Chowk, bazaars or the health clinic.
Trade also occurs in the Swades Arcade
where one has the chance to shop before
heading to the cinema or more bazaars in
the Swades Chowk and Naala route.

The thresholds between the chowks are
marked by gateways or change in floor
surfacing.

Routes and Connections

One of the themes of the scheme is the
concept of routes and destinations. There
are a few points where new routes are
created linking one part of the site to the
other, and others where old routes are
reinstated. The road going towards the Naala
is reinstated as is the road leading from the
high street. These two routes create the axial
connections which knit the scheme into the
existing urban grid of Panchsheel Vihar.

Jagdamba Resident

Mrs Kumar, Flat No. 32 Greenview DDA Apartment

Tailoring student and resident of new housing scheme

Guide and Projectionist
Priest and Stall worker

The Indian House

The way that the house is used determined
the units in the residential block. There is
one multifunctional room where all the
family activities take place eating, sleeping,
entertaining and working. The bathroom is
located on the outskirts of the house, it being
located outside, away from the cleanliness
of the house. The toilets therefore become
external blocks within the housing scheme.
The kitchen and store rooms are the only
other rooms provided for each apartment.

Courtyard Housing

Rooms are orientated around a central
open void which light and ventilation to
pass through into each room. The courtyard
becomes a private outdoor space for
communal activity away from the public
view of ‘outsiders’.

Open Air Cinema

The need to investigate how open air cinemas
work was essential for the scheme. How is
the seating organised, how many people are
able to congregate in one space at a time?
The projection screen and projector, the
distances from the projector to the screen
and all the technicalities involved. Indian
open air cinemas essentially comprise of a
projector and a screen. The seating is more
haphazard as people tend to sit anywhere
they find space. There is no formal seating as
in a cinema auditorium.

PVR Saket
Block
The cinema is situated on a plot of land
organised into a series of chowks created
by the spaces in between a number of
Parking commercial and residential blocks. The
clientele tend to be the middle class but

a
the basic concept of a cinema within the

inem
complex of markets, retail, and commercial

PVR C
environment was something to consider
Block during the design stage of the scheme. It
links back to the idea of the bazaar route
Parking leading to a palace in the painting ‘A Marriage
Retail
Procession in a Bazaar’.
Market Square
Stalls Block
Retail Block
Block Square
Retail
Arca
es
Arcad des
Block
Square
Retail

Retail
Retail
Block
Parking

Parking

Precedents

Fatehpur Sikri and the Jantar Mantar

The level changes and views created by the

Projectio
complex were interesting. The level changes
Choti
within the scheme required the subtlety that

Wall n
was apparent within Fatehpur Sikri. The solid
stairs leading to various levels were things
considered when designing the route up to
Swades Chowk
the arcade terrace. The really step and narrow
staircase within the Jantar Mantar inspired
the development of the staircase – the idea
of the stairs leading up to something ‘special’,
i.e. the projection room and the terrace
overlooking Swades Chowk.

Water wells

The water well in Mehrauli has an interesting
archaic quality that could inspire the design
of the amphitheatre seating in the cinema
segment of Swades Chowk. One idea was
for the seating to be used in many ways
other than as seating for the cinema. The
space could be used for meeting people,
socialising with friends, having lunch while
seated there. There is also the risk of flooding
in this area so water collection is something
to consider with the design of the space.

The major stakeholders within the scheme
will be the Jagdamba and Greenview
residents as they are the primary targets for
the scheme. The idea of a common thread
connecting these two communities was key
to the design of the open air cinema in the
Swades Chowk. The Waste pickers within
the site are important to the success of the
scheme as they need to be relocated into
the new build housing block. The removal
of their current slum houses is important for
the design scheme. The new build housing
allows more floor space for each family with
washing facilities provided for each unit.

The landowner of the empty plots will be
crucial in the project. He is the one who
will allow for the development to take
place. He could be the client for whom the
development is commissioned from.

Local trade workers are important to the
scheme as they are the ideal people to
undertake the construction of the buildings
under the supervision of the chosen
contractor. It will save the time and expense
of commuting workers travelling from
greater distances.

The Pradhan of Panchsheel Vihar is a
potential stake holding partner as she may
have the contacts required to proceed with
the scheme. She could be link with local
Panchsheel Vihar residents and help with
keeping them onside during construction of
the scheme.

Stakeholders

Management, Practice and Law


The Government does not seem to be able to
do anything for the inhabitants of Jagdamba.
There are toilets and showers they provide
The Delhi Development for a fee but due to corruption many do not
Authority was created in
1957 under the use them. Politicians tend to rally support
provisions of the Delhi during election periods, filling the residents
Development Act "to
promote and secure with hope that their living conditions will
the development of improve with the problems of education,
Delhi "
DDA has played a vital role in the orderly-
water and sanitation being resolved.
yet-rapid development of Delhi. The city has However most promises do not materialise
become the residence of choice for more than
11 million people and this number continues to
as an educated and satisfied voter is more of
increase. a threat than an uneducated one who is in
Delhi became the focus of government activity need. The more support one has the better
in 1911 when the British
shifted the capital the chances of staying in office.
from Kolkata to Delhi.

The initial location The Delhi Development Agency (DDA) is
proposed for the Capital responsible for any built schemes within the
was to the north of the
Northern Ridge. It was city, equivalent to the GLA in London. All
later changed to the present location around major pllanning issues go through the DDA.
Raisina Hills.
Renowned town planners Edward Lutyens and
Herbert Baker planned the city of New The Municapl Corporation of Delhi (MCD)
Delhi in the year 1912.
In 1922 a tiny Nazul
is the government body equivalent to
Office, comprising of Local Authorities in London under whose
10 to 12 officials, was jurisdiction Jagdamba and neighouring
set up in the Collectorate
of Delhi, the first slums in Ward 11 are under. Jagdamba is a
authority to regulate the known squatting zone under the MCD and it
planned development of
the city. is this body that provides the camp with the
In 1937, the Nazul office was upgraded to an fee-based toilets and showers and applies
Improvement Trust, constituted under the
provisions of the United Provinces Improvement the rationing system for basic food.
Act, 1911, to control building operations and
regulate land usage.
India's Independence in 1947 and resultant
Currently work is being undertaken to fill the
migration increased Delhi's population from 7 Naala with landfill commissioned by the DDA
lakhs to 17 lakhs by 1951. Open spaces were
occupied by migrants. Civic services virtually
in preperation for the construction of a new
collapsed. Delhi Improvement Trust and park, with exclusive access for the middle-
Municipal Body, the two local bodies at that class thus cutting off the Jagdamba and
time, were not adequately equipped to cope up
with the changing scenario. Waste picker communities. Once again the
In order to plan Delhi and to check its rapid and ghost of the social class system re-emerges.
haphazard growth, the
Central Government
appointed a Committee A bottom-up approach to the development is
under the chairmanship
of Sh. G D. Birla in 1950. key to realising the scheme. Looking at it from
This Committee the perspective of the local people is vital. A
recommended a Single
Planning & Controlling
collection of small steps can contribute to
Authority for all the urban areas of Delhi. enforcing a greater change to occur. So the
Consequently, the Delhi Development
(Provisional) Authority - DDPA - was constituted
creation of the series of transitional spaces
by promulgating the Delhi (Control of Building will allow for a more subtle approach to
Operations) Ordinance, 1955 (replaced by the encourage integration between the various
Delhi Development Act, 1957) with the primary
objective of ensuring the development of Delhi communities located in around the site.
in accordance with a plan.

Then, on 30th December, 1957, Delhi
Development Authority acquired its present
name and its role as the 9th builder of the grand
city of Delhi.

The Government

The term “LAL DORA” was used for the first time in the Ads by Google Jagdamba Camp is located on a Lal Dora
year 1908. It is a name classification given to that site. The term literally translates as ‘red
part of the village land which is part of the village Delhi apartments thread’. It means that no government has
“Abadi” (Habitation). It was supposed to be used for Get flats/ homes/ apartments & more Great locations & Economical Prices
non agricultural purpose only. It is that part of the land www.AxiomEstates.com
any jurisdiction over what can/cannot be
which was supposed to have been an extension of the built within the boundaries of the land, there
village habitation, wherein the villagers used to have Flights to Delhi are no limitations as to what and how one
their support systems, livestock etc. In the olden days, Discounted First and Business Class Flights Tel : 020 8506 2222 can build. The variation in the quality of the
these areas were marked by the land revenue www.swifttravel.com
buildings within the settlement and layers of
department by tying a Red Thread (Lal Dora in Hindi
Ask a Lawyer Online Now narrow streets and overhanging balconies is
language) around it, to make a boundary and to
distinguish it from the agricultural land. The lal Dora 8 Lawyers, Experts Are Online! Ask a Question, Get an Answer ASAP. a result of the lack of restrictions. The camp
also denotes that the jurisdiction of the municipal Law.JustAnswer.com/Land had built up to the extent that it is difficult
authorities or the urban development is not applicable, for emergency personnel to orientate
in toto. Property Funds
Bespoke Property Funds for SIPP / SSAS investors
themselves within the streets of the camp.
In 1957, the Delhi municipal corporation issued a www.consortium-im.com
notification n and the government listed the lands Jagdamba affiliation with ‘Lal Dora’ somehow
under the LAL DORA classification, within and on the Flight Delhi instigates false promises as the local politician
outskirts of Delhi. Flights From The UK To Delhi Great Rates Call Us On 08701203040
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www.SouthallTravel.co.uk/Delhi
Lal Dora was exempt from the building bye laws, and Related Videos Related Articles Related Q&A
on the land anyway.
strict construction norms and regulations, as regulated
under the Delhi municipal act. There was / is no need
to apply for the building sanction plans etc. In 1963,
the MCD passed a notification which did not make it
mandatory for building sanction plans to be passed for
the urban Lal Dora lands too.
How to put on a How to avoid

Though the term Lal Dora applies to both Rural & turban Traveler's

Urban villages, the thin dividing line has vanished over Diarrhea

the period of time, and prime areas of Delhi today
(though still classified as Lal Dora) operate commercial
Syndicate this Article Copy to clipboard
& high end residential areas.
<h1>What is Lal Dora Land - Delhi Master Plan</h1>
<strong>Author: <a title="Ramesh Menon"
Villages like Basant Gaon, Munirka, Khirki, Yusuf sarai, href="http://www.articlesbase.com/authors/ramesh-
Katwaria sarai, Mahipalpur, Chhatarpur, Sant Nagar, menon/68500.htm">Ramesh Menon</a></strong><br /><p>The
term “LAL DORA” was used for the first time in the year
Rangpuri, Kanjhawla, Najafgarh, Lado sarai, Mehrauli,
Shahpur Jatt etc. have all been absorbed into the developed limits of Delhi, and they form part of the elite areas.

The Lal Dora areas in some of the rural villages, which are surrounded by agricultural land, have been included under the Delhi
master plan MPD 2021. These Lal Dora lands would abutt the premium residential & commercial zones. To top it all, many such lal
Dora areas would be extremely well connected through the proposed initiatives of the government to connect the Delhi city through
a maze of Roads, expressways, metros etc.

Many Lal Dora abadis have the facilities provided by the government like secure electricity connection, water from the Delhi Jal
board, sewerage etc. After the New master plan of Delhi MPD 2021 is notified, many agricultural lands of these villages would be
included in the residential or commercial zones. With the provision of infrastructure to these areas, most of the erstwhile Lal Dora
areas without these amenities & infrastructure would be included.

Statistics reveal that there are 362 villages in Delhi, out of which 135 are classified as urban villages, and 227 are classified as rural
villages. Decades back, when the revenue settlement was undertaken for Delhi, for the first time, most of these villages were well
defined and the population was enumerated within those boundaries. The land outside these Lal Dora lands was appraised for the
purpose of land revenue, as Agricultural land. Between 1908 and 1952 (when the consolidation exercise was taken up again), the
population of these villages expanded and the villages too had extended beyond the earlier defined boundaries. The new periphery
boundaries were termed as “PHIRNI” and the areas between the earlier LAL DORA boundaries, and the “PHIRNI” was known as the
extended Lal Dora area.

In August 1963, a notification was issued by the then Delhi administration that no building permissions are required for the
construction on the extended Lal Dora land, too, if and since, the land owner is creating a habitation / house for his own living /
subsistence.

Lal Dora

The land of the proposed scheme is owned
Non-governmental aid and charity aid by a private landowner. He may have is own
Under 10% of all aid is collected by Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) through voluntary agenda for potential development of the
donations. Although charities occasionally collect funds for emergency aid, aid from NGOs and charities site, so it may be worth pitching the scheme
is usually aimed at long-term development. Sometimes NGOs co-fund projects with governments or the to him. It could be a private development
EU. International charities also raise awareness and campaign for change in industrialised nations. but the disadvantage of this would be that it
may result in the exclusion of the Jagdamba
Money raised by NGOs and international charities goes towards:
and Wastepicker communities, which would
1. Long-term aid: defeat the purpose of the scheme.
Dealing with the root causes of poverty
Campaigning for change Another option would be to apply for aid
Local partner organisations and support from local NGOs or charities.
Health programmes: maintaining basic health facilities, eradicating malaria and other
Promoting the concept of community
diseases(such as Medecins Sans Frontieres)
Food production, water supplies, education cohesion as the root issue driving the success
Technical assistance eg training farmers to increase efficiency and prevent soil erosion of the scheme. The generation of local
2. Short-term and emergency aid: employment for the construction, running
Helping refugees to rebuild homes and provide farming equipment in order to enable them and maintenance of the development is an
to be self-sufficient advert for attracting potential funders. The
Medical and sanitation supplies
provision of extra housing for occupants
Food and blankets
of slums to be demolished and outlets for
Potential problems with international charities income generating trade.

Charities may not prioritise the greatest sources of need. Â£250m was raised by charities for the The scheme will need to be advertised as a
tsunami disaster - but areas affected by the tsunami arguably suffered no greater problems than grassroots bottom-up scheme which hopes
are faced every day by regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Green Economics to improve the lives of local people and the
Up to 30% of revenue remains in the country of origin to cover administration costs.
inclusion of them in the redevelopment of
Charity projects may clash with the indigenous culture (for example, conservation charities that
support moving people off the land to prevent deforestation). Modern economics has put immense pressure on the natural world and its resources. Economic growth the site would create a feeling of ownership
As with other kinds of aid, corruption amongst politicians and officials may prevent the aid from is now at a level where it is generating more destruction than real wealth. and value. The scheme hopes to unite
reaching the people who need it. people from different social backgrounds in
We need to aim for a more democratic, efficient, fair and responsible way to live, in which money is just a neutral and exciting communal hub.
Grassroots charities a means to an end, and the personal and political, the social and ecological, are inseparable.

These have many benefits with regard to aid: Green economics is primarily about:

The aid process is not 'top-down' but 'bottom-up': decision-making is carried out by the affected The primacy of 'use-value': money being seen as a means to and end, rather than for its 'exchange-
people. value'.
The emphasis is on sustainability and appropriate technology. Quality, not quantity for the sake of it.
The premise is that schemes need not be capital-intensive or large-scale in order to have a Regeneration of individuals, communities and ecosystems, instead of accumulation of money or
beneficial impact. material.
Smaller-scale schemes are aimed at directly helping with local conditions and providing people Human beings no longer serving the mechanisms of capitalistic or socialistic material and financial
with what they really need. For example, training health workers to prevent local diseases, or
making small-scale bio-gas plants which use manure to provide gas for cooking and fertiliser.
accumulation.
Ecological development based on an unleashing of human development and an extension of
democracy.
The "public" and "private" sectors being transformed, so that markets can express social and
ecological values.
The state being merged with grassroots networks of community innovation.

See the Green Economics website for further information.

Green economics has a clear set of principles and real, positive and effective answers and solutions to
global issues. These principles can be applied by everyone for sustainable development and the survival
of the natural world, which humankind is part of and depends on, and a vital natural balance between
humankind and the natural world.

Funding

Types of Land Ownership People in Delhi may own land but are not
allowed to build whatever they want. The
State Ownership of Land DDA (Delhi Development Agency) has
This system enables the state to be the owner of the land. The land which the state owns comes under its reduced the number of freehold properties
supervision through various methods. Annexation of land during battles, purchasing of land by someone, within the last few years so much so that it
giving land as a gift to someone, the seizure of land by the government due to certain reasons are the would be rare to find a freeholder.
various ways by which a piece of land comes under the ownership of the state. The USSR was the biggest
example until few days back when it practiced socialism and most of the land was state owned. Though in Jagdamba is under the jurisdiction of the
other socialist countries state owned half of the land. On one hand the state ownership of land is a good MCD who is responsible for the provision
practice since it minimizes the discrepancy in the distribution of land. Private ownership of land leads to of the basic human rights; water supply,
the uneven distribution of land. But the state ownership fills up this gap. Even the land which is of no use sanitation, education, healthcare, food
to the people can be transferred to the government’s stock. The state owned banks are sometimes leased supply and shelter. However being within
out to the tenants and in other times the state government indulges in farming the land. the boundary of a Lal Dora area, the body
does not have any control over what and
Land Grants how the inhabitants build property.
This system is practiced mainly in the countries with Muslim population. The government in those countries
donate land for the purpose of education and setting up religious institutions. These kinds of grants are The private landowner of the proposed
known as “waqf” in the Muslim countries. The donated land is mostly used in constructing mosques, site is the potential client. Rent owed by
madrasa and orphanages for the inhabitants of those countries. Usually the government of that country wastepickers for the slum dwellings on the
bears all the costs regarding the land and the beneficiary receives an irrevocable piece of land. The profit land is paid to the landowner.
is obtained by the institution that is established on the land. The land which is gifted is often in a very bad
condition. The irrevocable nature of the grant prevents eventual property loss and transfer of ownership. The success of developing the scheme could
lie in his hands. The emphasis would need to
Communal and Collective Ownership be made that the scheme is for the benefit
This kind of ownership empowers a community or a political group to utilize the land. This system is for people from all social classes and it is
randomly practiced in South Africa where the land ownership belongs to an African tribe. The chief of important for the inhabitants of Jagdamba
that tribe allots some amount of land to every member of the community and that member receives the and wastepicker settlements to be included
land for the whole of his life. In Mexico also this kind of ownership is practiced. There is a little difference in the development and use of the various
in the system because in Mexico people inherit land. Private ownership results in the loss of property on components. It is essential that the displaced
the part of the poor people; hence in the countries which adopted the socialist doctrine, collectivization families from the slums and dwellings
of land was in vogue. being removed to be rehoused in the new
residential block. They have the priority
Private Ownership of Land reservations for the apartments on offer.
In democratic counties this method of land ownership is followed. The right of land disposition is in private
hands. This system was introduced by the colonial rulers in most of the colonies so that the rulers could The renting agreement would be on the basis
garner benefits and render the poor people helpless. Private ownership has lots of disadvantages involved that the families resettlement would not be
in it. This is basically a flawed system which caused the poor to become poorer because of the uneven allowed to sell or re-rent their apartments to
distribution of land. anyone else to generate an income. The aim
Private ownership has two classifications according to the amount of land available to people. They are: is to ensure that the people do not return
Small land holding is usually the plot of land which belongs to a particular family and it practices farming to the slums removed and resettle in the
on that land and produces the amount which is required to sustain themselves chowks made for public benefit.
Large Land holding is usually a plot of land which is rented out by the owner to several farmers who till the
land and produce crops. Those farmers pay rent to the owners.

Farm Tenancy is yet another method which is commonly practiced in the name of land ownership. In
countries which are densely populated it has been noted that the rate of unemployment is high. In such a
condition a person who has enough land to be cultivated lends it to other people for a given period of time.
Farm tenancy can be classified on the basis of the payment demanded by the owner. The classifications
are occupational tenancy, cash tenancy and share tenancy.

http://www.economywatch.com/agrarian/structure/types-land-ownership.html

Land Ownership and Tenure

Consider the culture of the existing Matters regarding land ownership, land type,
communities. The architect needs to legality, authorisation, location and political
understand that people have different jurisdiction will affect any development
ideologies and those might not necessarily program. Problem solving is therefore a key
be on par with their own beliefs. The aspect of the role of the architect.
development of the scheme has taken this
into consideration in regards to the design Working with a local NGO would be a good
of the spatial organisation of the home, the way to enter into a conversation with the
transtional spaces at the Jagdamba and local community to find out their needs and
Greenview DDA junction, Chatri Chowk. ways in which to approach the realisation
that meets their needs. Each site and build
‘The No-Nonense Guide to International Development’; Maggie Black Sustain the ability to effectively communicate will have its own unique quality which is
with people irrespective of their age, gender, influenced by the inhabitants. The NGO could
and economic and social status. There needs advice on the best methods of approaching
to be a sense of inclusion so that nobody issues and removing potential obstacles that
feels isolated or less important than another. could harm the relationship between the
Women and children need to be given due architect and residents. The team studying
respect as they are the ones normally to suffer Jagdamba Camp met a local NGO worker
with fewer privileges in certain societies. The for SAYA based in the camp. He allowed
Pradhan of Jagdamba, Muhammad Irfan, was use access to his office and enabled certain
quite hostile and unforthcoming towards the reservations from the senior members of the
Jagdamba survey group in the beginning camp to be removed and warm to us. The
but by the end of the two-week study, he NGO acts as the link between the architect
had welcomed to us and introduced us to his and local people.
daughter and young grand-son.
Political issues cannot be ‘solved’ by
Manage the inevitable expectations from architects as it is beyond their professional
each of these factions. Everyone has an capabilities. A series of small projects could
opinion and different perspective on given generate improvements at larger scale if
issues. The architect needs to respect and take successful. They have the potential to inspire
into consideration the desires and requests. and encourage larger developments and
The people who will directly benefit from future change.
potential programs hold the most important
opinions. They will know best what they
need and the type of developments that will
be successful within their community.

Balance professional and personal attitudes
and remain objective regarding all matters
arising. It is inevitable that certain issues
will emerge that may question the nature of
the design, processes and relationships with
organisations and/or individuals.

Role of the Architect

Environment and Sustainable Design


The building will constructed using conrete
framework and strucutral brick. With a wall
thickness of 300mm it will be ample to
provide enough thermal mass to retain and
release heat. The first 100-200mm will be
most effective at retaining heat during the
day and releasing it during the night.

The building is designed for passive gains as
much as possible. Light wells are designed
into the residential block to allow light
and ventilation for both the block and its
neighbouring building. As the neighbouring
building is alot taller than the new build
resiential, the windows for house will need
to be opening to the north side, which works
better for the building duting the summer
period as a north facing window draws in
more cool air into the building.

The windows will not be glazed but shutters
will be inastalled to keep out the cold and
adverse weather.

Jali walls will be located in stairwells
and toilets to allow for natural light and
ventilation while keeping certain level of
privacy for the occupant. The terraces will
also have jali barriers.

Climatic Control

Direct rainwater collection on roofs to purify
water for drinking and cooking..

Ground water attenuation located at the
Urban rainwater harvesting lowest level of the ampitheatre seating.
Urban centres in India are facing an ironical situation today. On one hand Provide collection and cleaning of water to
there is the acute water scarcity and on the other, the streets are often flooded use for washing and flushing toilets.
during the monsoons. This has led to serious problems with quality and
quantity of groundwater.
New build schemes to be as independent
This is despite the fact that all these cities as possible so as not to become a burden
receive good rainfall. However, this rainfall ontheexisting water supply. But there will be
occurs during short spells of high a connection to the exsting water supply in
intensity. (Most of the rain falls in just case of emergency.
100 hours out of 8,760 hours in a year).
Because of such short duration of heavy
rain, most of the rain falling on the Water tank above projection roof to be
surface tends to flow away rapidly leaving the largest and main source of rainwater
very little for recharge of groundwater.
Most of the traditional water harvesting collection for the new scheme.
systems in cities have been neglected and
fallen into disuse, worsening the urban water scenario. One of the solutions to
Drainage and sewage connections to be
the urban water crisis is rainwater harvesting - capturing the runoff.
linked to the existing system which runs
through Jagdamba camp. The scheme will be
This is practiced on a large scale in linked to the Jagdamba drainage masterplan
cities like Chennai, Bangalore and Delhi - it will be the first developed phase before
where rainwater harvesting is a part of the work on Jagdamba begins. So that the whole
state policy. Elsewhere, countries like
Germany, Japan, United States, and development proceeds towards the eastern
Singapore are also adopting rainwater periphery and out to the main Naala.
harvesting.

Water harvesting system at
CSE's office in Delhi

Why to harvest rain?

n In areas where there is inadequate groundwater supply or surface
resources are either lacking or insufficient, rainwater harvesting
offers an ideal solution.

n Helps in utilising the primary source of water and prevent the runoff
from going into sewer or storm drains, thereby reducing the load on
treatment plants.

n Reduces urban flooding.

n Recharging water into the aquifers help in improving the quality of
existing groundwater through dilution.

Water Supply

The 1800mm high wall on the Khirki Main
Road elevation should provide a barrier from
the taffic noise during scheduled cinema
times. trees running along the northern
side of Swades Chowk should prodive the
residential trade block with further noise
reduction acting as a buffer zone to an
extent. The arcade should buffer the noise of
traffic to a certain extent.

The walls of the residential block will be
structural brick construction which should
provide further acoustic control of external
noise. The brick walls should provide noise
barriers between flats.

The building frame is reinforced concrete
so the floors should also provide acoustic
control between flats on each floor.

Buffer zone Swades Chowk Buffer zone
ampitheatre

Acoustics

Each dwelling in the reidential block is larger
than the current slums so each family will
have a much larger space to live, better
living conditions with wet and dry spaces
separated and individual family bathrooms/
toilets. The exiting slum dwellings on site
ranged from 11.1-12.7m/sq without toilets
and bathrooms. This they would use for
all activities including cooking, eating,
sleeping and children doing homework. The
proposed residential units include a separate
bathroom, kitchen and storage facilties. The
Typical existing total dwelling size is therefore 20.4 - 26.8m/
slum house units: sq. The living spaces range from 12 - 15.3m/
11.1 - 12.7m/sq sq.

The inclusion of bathroom and kitchens
within each individual dwelling is important
for women and children. They do not need
to fear the risk of men overlooking and the
potential risk of attack. This facility is an
invaluable source of security and freedom
from corrupt Government fee payment.

The housing units on the ground floor facing
Swades Chowk are retail outletss, these will
combine to become live/work units. The
trading will occur on the outlas outside while
the storage will be within the home.

Proposed house
units:
20.4 - 26.8m/sq

Dwellings

The provision of training workshops within
the overall strategy of the scheme will enable
local people to specialise within a specific
trade of choice so that they are able to earn a
living while studying a vocational course.

The housing upgrade for the slum dwellers/
waste pickers will improve thier lifestyle and
so their health.

The health clinic will provide people with
readily accessible treatment whether it be
GP, dentist, optiicion or the nurse.

The open spaces should encourage trade
and socialisation

Planting new trees will hellp add more gree
spaces within Delhi as a whole and create a
pleasant atmosphere away from the traffic
and calustraphobic streets of Jagdamba.

Future generations should be better
educated, have improved lifestyles and be
able to provide for their families with greater
ease than their parents before them.

Relationship with wider context

Construction, Materials and Structures


Concrete beam, column and slab floor

Concrete Structural Frame

Rat trap bond structural brick walls
with concrete columns and beams for
reinforcement. Concrete elements tiled with
brick on facade.

The bricks are available on site so there is
no need to transport or create new bricks.
Careful demolition of existing brick buildings
will also produce more brick material to be
re-used in new built elements. Thus reducing
the need to create new bricks.

Lime mortar used so to make the bricks
easier to clean and reuse in the event of
building demolition in the future.

Masons available for labour from Jagdamba.

Structural Brick

There is no need for glazing due to Delhi’s hot
climate. Through observation most windows
tended to have iron grills with shutters to
close during the evening. This concept will
be incorporated into the building fabric.

The balconies, terraces and access routes will
make use of jalis as this is a natural source of
light and ventilation whilst keeping the are
private. The toilet blocks in the residential
block will have jalis to allow for natural
light and ventialtion and reducing the need
for a window. This allows for natural air
inflow/outflow while maintaining maximum
privacy.

Bamboo screens will be used for shuttering.
It is a natural material grown in India. It
needs to be kept above ground level to
protect from water and soil erosion. The
screens will be woven so as to allow shade
and privacy behind the panels. It is a skilled
job to create quality woven sheets with streel
frames. Weavers and metal workers will work
together to creater these panels.

Doors will be made of metal as used in
surrounding buildings. It is a skill trade found
locally within the trade block and aloswithin
Jagdamba Camp itself. It is a local material
so itself becomes sustainabe for the site.
The metal can be reused in the future after
the full cycle of the building life comes to an
end.

Openings, shutters and balconies

The residential block will treeated in three
parts. The first part will the main reisdential
units, the second will be arcade and the third
the bazaar and residential mix. This allows
for clear movement joint locations for the
concrete floor slabs. This also allows for a
sequential construction to occur.

The projection wall will follow the construction
of the third part of the building.

Phase 1 Build A

Phase 1 Build B

Phase 1 Build C

Phase 1 Build D Refurb.

Phase 2 Build E

Phase 2 Build F

Phase 2 Build G Rebuild

Phase 3 Build H

Phase 3 Build J

Phase 3 Build K

Structural Strategy

Existing Site

Demolition Strategy

Phase 1 Demolition Phase 1 Construction

Phase 1 Demolition Phase 2 Construction

Phase 3 Demolition Phase 3 Construction & Phase 4 Demolition simultaneously

Breaking Barriers Uniting People Integrated Design Study

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