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DEPOSITION OFFICERS,	

PRIVATE INVESTIGATORS,	

AND	

PROCESS SERVERS
1
DEPOSITION OFFICERS
A deposition officer is a professional photocopier registered
under Chapter 20 of Division 8 of the Business and
Professions Code (commencing with Section 22450), or a
person exempted from the registration requirements of that
chapter under Section 22451 of the Business and Professions
Code.
2
DEPOSITION OFFICERS (CONT’D)
Deposition officers must follow:	

• CCP-2020.420	

• CCP-2020.430	

• CCP-2020.440	

!
There are also timeframes set out by the law.These
timeframes vary by section.
3
PRIVATE INVESTIGATORS
A private investigator is guided by the following:	

• Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 7512-73. ( a.k.a. the Private Investigator Act)	

• Both ABA Model Rule 5-3 and California Rule of Professional Conduct 3-110
require an attorney to supervise non-attorney investigators to ensure compliance
with ethical standards for attorneys.The Model Rules make attorneys liable for acts
of the investigator that violate the rules if the attorney knows of or ratifies those
acts.	

• California Penal Code § 638 subjects any person who attempts to procure
telephone calling records through fraud or deceit to a penalty of a $10000 fine and
up to one year of jail time (pretexting).
4
PRIVATE INVESTIGATORS (CONT’D)
Case law regarding investigation ethics:	

• In short, [the investigator]’s deliberate misconduct is also the deliberate
misconduct of [Stephen Slesinger, Inc.]. Stephen Slesinger, Inc. v.Walt Disney Co.,
(2007) 155 Cal.App. 4th 736	

• Attorney work product and attorney-client privilege are granted to a private
investigator as the agent or representative of attorney. Rodriguez v. McDonnell
Douglas Corp., (1978) 87 Cal.App. 3d 626	

• Any number of cases restate the attorney’s affirmative duty to supervise agents. 	

• Zamora v. Clayborn Contracting Group, Inc., (2002) 28 Cal.4th 249	

• Palomo v. State Bar (1984) 36 Cal.3d 785
5
PROCESS SERVERS
A process server is guided by the following:	

• CCP §414.10 Authorized persons.A summons may be served by any
person who is at least 18 years of age and not a party to the action.
(Added by Stats. 1969, Ch. 1610.)	

• Bus. & Prof. Code §22350 requires that all process servers who serve
process for compensation-and also any corporation or partnership that
derives compensation for service of process within California-be
registered with the county clerk in the county where he or she resides or
has a principal place of business. Licensed private investigators and their
employees are among those exempted from registration.
6
PROCESS SERVERS (CONT’D)
Case law regarding process service ethics:	

• "The Legislature, recognizing the importance of [their] function, has subjected
process servers to regulation in the Business and Professions Code section
22350 et seq." Kappel v. Bartlett (1988) 200 Cal.App.3d 1457	

• Malice or an ulterior motive may be "inferred from the wilful abuse of the
process." Tranchina v.Arcinas (1947) 78 Cal.App.2d 522	

• A false, fraudulent, or perjurious declaration of service of process misuses "the
power of the court; it is an act done in the name of the court and under its
authority for the purpose of perpetrating an injustice." Meadows v. Bakersfield
Savings & Loan Assoc., (1967) 250 Cal.App.2d 749	

• Distress by false claims of service is legitimate. Slaughter v. Legal Process & Courier
Service (1984) 162 Cal.App.3d 1236
7
MORE INFORMATION
For more information, please visit Bosco Legal at
boscolegal.org, email us at info@boscolegal.org, or call us
(877) 353-8281.
8

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Bosco Ethics

  • 2. DEPOSITION OFFICERS A deposition officer is a professional photocopier registered under Chapter 20 of Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code (commencing with Section 22450), or a person exempted from the registration requirements of that chapter under Section 22451 of the Business and Professions Code. 2
  • 3. DEPOSITION OFFICERS (CONT’D) Deposition officers must follow: • CCP-2020.420 • CCP-2020.430 • CCP-2020.440 ! There are also timeframes set out by the law.These timeframes vary by section. 3
  • 4. PRIVATE INVESTIGATORS A private investigator is guided by the following: • Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 7512-73. ( a.k.a. the Private Investigator Act) • Both ABA Model Rule 5-3 and California Rule of Professional Conduct 3-110 require an attorney to supervise non-attorney investigators to ensure compliance with ethical standards for attorneys.The Model Rules make attorneys liable for acts of the investigator that violate the rules if the attorney knows of or ratifies those acts. • California Penal Code § 638 subjects any person who attempts to procure telephone calling records through fraud or deceit to a penalty of a $10000 fine and up to one year of jail time (pretexting). 4
  • 5. PRIVATE INVESTIGATORS (CONT’D) Case law regarding investigation ethics: • In short, [the investigator]’s deliberate misconduct is also the deliberate misconduct of [Stephen Slesinger, Inc.]. Stephen Slesinger, Inc. v.Walt Disney Co., (2007) 155 Cal.App. 4th 736 • Attorney work product and attorney-client privilege are granted to a private investigator as the agent or representative of attorney. Rodriguez v. McDonnell Douglas Corp., (1978) 87 Cal.App. 3d 626 • Any number of cases restate the attorney’s affirmative duty to supervise agents. • Zamora v. Clayborn Contracting Group, Inc., (2002) 28 Cal.4th 249 • Palomo v. State Bar (1984) 36 Cal.3d 785 5
  • 6. PROCESS SERVERS A process server is guided by the following: • CCP §414.10 Authorized persons.A summons may be served by any person who is at least 18 years of age and not a party to the action. (Added by Stats. 1969, Ch. 1610.) • Bus. & Prof. Code §22350 requires that all process servers who serve process for compensation-and also any corporation or partnership that derives compensation for service of process within California-be registered with the county clerk in the county where he or she resides or has a principal place of business. Licensed private investigators and their employees are among those exempted from registration. 6
  • 7. PROCESS SERVERS (CONT’D) Case law regarding process service ethics: • "The Legislature, recognizing the importance of [their] function, has subjected process servers to regulation in the Business and Professions Code section 22350 et seq." Kappel v. Bartlett (1988) 200 Cal.App.3d 1457 • Malice or an ulterior motive may be "inferred from the wilful abuse of the process." Tranchina v.Arcinas (1947) 78 Cal.App.2d 522 • A false, fraudulent, or perjurious declaration of service of process misuses "the power of the court; it is an act done in the name of the court and under its authority for the purpose of perpetrating an injustice." Meadows v. Bakersfield Savings & Loan Assoc., (1967) 250 Cal.App.2d 749 • Distress by false claims of service is legitimate. Slaughter v. Legal Process & Courier Service (1984) 162 Cal.App.3d 1236 7
  • 8. MORE INFORMATION For more information, please visit Bosco Legal at boscolegal.org, email us at info@boscolegal.org, or call us (877) 353-8281. 8