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BMGT 496 - Week 5 Citations (AJFET, 2016) (Basu, 2015)
- 1. BMGT 496 - Week 5 Citations (AJFET, 2016) (Basu, 2015) (Brusseau, 2012) (Cao, 2018) (CBS News, 2013) (Crowley, 2017) (Daly, 2014) (DM & Kitanovic, 2017) (Douglas, 2012) (Eustachewich, 2018) (Federal Trade Commission, 2010) (Federal Trade Commission, 2016) (Fox, 2016) (Fried, 2021) (Gallagher, 2015)
- 2. (Gerard, 2010) (Gupta, Pirsch, & Girard, 2010) (Harris, 2014) (Herper, 2013) (McKenna, 2015) (Najarian, 2020) (Neofotistos, Cowles, & Sharma, 2017) (Parker, 2018) (Paulson, 2016) (Quillen, 2018) (Quinn, 2012) (Sanchez, 2014) (Thompson, 2016) (Trilling, 2016) (Weinmann & Bhasin, 2011) (Wischhover, 2018) Bibliography AJFET. (2016, April 4). Exploitative Advertising Campaigns
- 3. are Targeting our Children. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from MPK732 Marketing Management (Cluster B): https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/2016/04/04/exploi tative- advertising-campaigns-are-targeting-our-children/ Basu, M. (2015, September 21). For first time, company owner faces life sentence for food poisoning outbreak. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from CNN: https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html Brusseau, J. (2012). Chapter 12: The Selling Office: Advertising and Consumer Protection. In The Business Ethics Workshop (pp. 529-566). Washington, DC: Saylor Academy. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_the-business- ethics-workshop/ Cao, P. (2018, October 3). Tim Cook to talk consumer privacy and data ethics at European data protection conference later this month. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from 9To5 Mac: https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr- comittee-talk/ CBS News. (2013, April 30). Controversial caffeinated products. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from CBS News: https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ Crowley, L. (2017, February 17). Uber’s Surge Pricing: Is it
- 4. Ethical? Retrieved April 12, 2021, from University of Puget Sound: https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/2017/02/17/ubers-surge- pricing-is-it-ethical/ Daly, A. (2014, January 7). FTC to Crack Down on Deceptive Weight-Loss Ads. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from Women's Health Magazine: https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight- loss/a19935515/weight-loss-ads/ DM, & Kitanovic, M. (2017, July 25). Astroturfing: Government shills are flooding the web. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from Blasting News: https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/astroturfing- government-shills- are-flooding-the-web-001871693.html Douglas, T. (2012, April 18). Practical Ethics: Animal antibiotics. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from University of Oxford: http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2012/04/animal - antibiotics/ Eustachewich, L. (2018, July 11). Controversial lollipop ad goes up in Times Square. New York Post. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://nypost.com/2018/07/11/controversial-lollipop-ad-goes- up-in-times- square/ Federal Trade Commission. (2010, December 6). FTC Action Puts Deceptive Marketer Out
- 5. of the Debt Relief Business. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from Federal Trade Commission: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press- releases/2010/12/ftc- action-puts-deceptive-marketer-out-debt-relief-business Federal Trade Commission. (2016, December). Federal Trade Commission Act Section 5: Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from Federal Reserve: https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/supmanual/cch/ftca.p df Fox, M. (2016, January 5). E-Cigarette Ads Target Millions of Kids, CDC Says. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from NBC News: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/kids-health/e- cigarette-ads-target-millions-kids-cdc-says-n490601 Fried, M. (2021, January 7). Ethical diamonds: What Conscientious Consumers Need to Know. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from The Diamond Pro: https://www.diamonds.pro/education/ethical-diamonds- conscientious- consumers-need-know/ Gallagher, C. (2015, September 30). Business Ethics Alive: Blue Bell vs Peanut Corporation of America. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from Chuck Gallagher: https://www.chuckgallagher.com/2015/09/30/business-ethics- alive-blue-bell-vs- peanut-corporation-of-america/ Gerard, J. (2010, October 27). 5 Lessons Learned From Mattel's Lead Paint Crisis.
- 6. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from i-Sight: https://i- sight.com/resources/5-lessons- learned-from-mattels-lead-paint-crisis/ Gupta, S., Pirsch, J., & Girard, T. (2010, September 9). An Empirical Examination of a Multinational Ethical Dilemma: The Issue of Child Labor. Journal of Global Marketing, 23(4), 288-305. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2010.504519 Harris, J. (2014, January 15). Monster drinks: Are the energy drinks marketed to children? Retrieved April 12, 2021, from Los Angeles Times: https://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-monster-drinks- marketing- children-20140115-story.html Herper, M. (2013, April 25). Update: Hyundai Apologizes For Car Ad Depicting Attempted Suicide. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2013/04/25/a- hyundai-car-ad- depicts-suicide-it-is-so-wrong-i-cant-embed-it-in-this- post/?sh=7d03af87554d McKenna, M. (2015, March 31). MATTEL: PLAYING WITH ETHIC. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from Doing Well By Doing Good: https://stakeholder13.wordpress.com/2015/03/31/mattel - playing-with-ethics/ Najarian, B. (2020, March 5). The Most Offensive Urban Outfitters Products to Ever Exist.
- 7. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from Ranker: https://www.ranker.com/list/urban- outfitters-controversy-list/brigittenajarian Neofotistos, A., Cowles, N., & Sharma, R. (2017, May 28). Choking Hazards: Are Current Product Testing Methods for Small Parts Adequate? International Journal of Pediatrics, 2017, 1-4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4705618 Parker, S. (2018, May 31). The Never-Ending War on Fake Reviews. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from The New Yorker: https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals- of- technology/the-never-ending-war-on-fake-reviews Paulson, M. (2016, September 5). Sorry About That: Wells Fargo to End Ads Suggesting Science Over Arts. New York Times, p. 3. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/theater/sorry-about-that- wells-fargo-to- end-ads-suggesting-science-over-arts.html Quillen, M. (2018, October 22). 2.5 million pounds of taquitos recalled for salmonella, listeria concerns. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from WTXL Tallahassee: https://www.wtxl.com/news/million-pounds-of-taquitos- recalled-for-salmonella- listeria-concerns/article_0ce2f7ea-d62c-11e8-b47a- c3af1fe651bf.html Quinn, B. (2012, October 1). Ikea apologises over removal of women from Saudi Arabia catalogue. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from The Guardian:
- 8. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/02/ikea- apologises-removing- women-saudi-arabia-catalogue Sanchez, R. (2014, February 4). At sentencing, cantaloupe growers apologize for deadly listeria outbreak. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from CNN: https://www.cnn.com/2014/01/28/justice/cantaloupe-listeria- deaths- sentencing/index.html Thompson, D. (2016, January 18). Study eyes candy-flavored e- cigarette ads targeted to kids. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from CBS News: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/candy-flavored-e-cigarette-ads- appeal-to-kids/ Trilling, D. (2016, September 20). Conflict Minerals and Firms’ Ignorance Over Their Supply Chains. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility: https://business-ethics.com/2016/09/20/1237- conflict-minerals- and-firms-ignorance-over-their-supply-chains/ Weinmann, K., & Bhasin, K. (2011, September 16). 14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/false-advertising-scandals- 2011-9 Wischhover, C. (2018, September 11). The fall of “anti -aging” skin care. Retrieved April 11,
- 9. 2021, from Vox: https://www.vox.com/the- goods/2018/9/11/17840984/skin-care- anti-aging-drunk-elephant 4/10/2021 Exploitative Advertising Campaigns are Targeting our Children | T1 2016 MPK732 Marketing Management (Cluster B) https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/2016/04/04/exploi tative-advertising-campaigns-are-targeting-our-children/ 1/3 REPORT THIS AD Exploitative Advertising Campaigns are Targeting our Children APRIL 4, 2016 / AJFET More than ever before, children are being socialised as consumers, with children under 14 years are spending approximately $40 billion annually. Marketers have recognised children as arguably the most important consumer of all and use clever campaigns to target and exploit them. Why kids? Targeting children in advertising campaigns has a major influence on the consumption patterns of the family. Increased marketing to children has
- 10. created a phenomenon called ‘Pester Power’, where children constantly nag their parents for the latest products such as toys, clothes, gadgets, junk food etc. Parents are forced to choose between being the ‘bad guy’ and saying “no” and giving in. We see this kind of persistent nagging in the supermarket aisles where children pester their parents for junk food items that are strategically positioned low on the selves to correspond with children eyelevel. Then there is the notion of “Importance Nagging” whereby children take advantage of their parents desire to provide the best for their children. Children claim that something is necessary for their general health and wellbeing in turn appealing to their parents feeling of guilt. The Australian Association of National Advertisers’ Code for Advertising & Marketing Communication states that advertising and marketing must not undermine the authority of parents or appeal to children to urge their parents to buy a product for them. Although advertisements do not specifically say “hey kids, make sure your Mum and Dad buy you the latest Xbox game this Christmas”, the sole purpose of marketing to children is to incite this response. https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/2016/04/04/exploi tative-advertising-campaigns-are-targeting-our-children/ https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/author/ajfet/ 4/10/2021 Exploitative Advertising Campaigns are Targeting our Children | T1 2016 MPK732 Marketing Management (Cluster B) https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/2016/04/04/exploi
- 11. tative-advertising-campaigns-are-targeting-our-children/ 2/3 REPORT THIS AD REPORT THIS AD Targeting children as consumers not only affects the consumer behaviour of their family but also helps shape their future consumer behaviour as an adult. The earlier a child is socialised to a brand, the more likely they are to be loyal to that brand in the future. How TV advertising is grooming children as consumers Children are bombarded with advertisements from a very young age. Between the ages of 2 – 11, the average child would view over 25,000 television commercials per year. Although young children are often able to distinguish the difference between an advertisement and a television programme, they are unable to identify the persuasive nature of these until at least 8 years old. Alarmingly, children can identify brand names, symbols, colours, jingles and logos from about 2 years old. Identification of perceptual and sensory cues is developed at an age before children are unable to differential from entertainment and the intent of selling. Furthermore, children are more susceptible to the persuasive stimuli, this coupled with the fact that they are unable to understand the persuasive intent of marketing enables them to be exploited as consumers. This YouTube clip, “Big Burger is Watching”, satirically demonstrates the affect of visual marketing on children and how
- 12. it can undermine the authority of parents. Why should we be concerned? Not only are advertising campaigns exploiting children but they also can have damaging social consequences. Gender specific advertising that marketing Disney Princesses to girls and truck and cars to boys perpetuate gender stereotypes, therefore having on affect gender socialisation. In addition, the advertising campaigns around junk food are contributing to the growing epidemic of childhood obesity in Australia. Some commentators believe the government should introduce plain packaging on junk food as they have for cigarettes in an attempt to limit the affect of brand marketing on children. As young children do not have the capacity to participate in a consumer environment, do you think it is unethical of companies to exploit the vulnerabilities children for profit? Does targeting children as consumer commercialise their childhood? It will be interesting to see what steps, if any, are taken by authorities to regulate this marketing phenomenon. Amy Fettes (216048396) References: 4/10/2021 Exploitative Advertising Campaigns are Targeting
- 13. our Children | T1 2016 MPK732 Marketing Management (Cluster B) https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/2016/04/04/exploi tative-advertising-campaigns-are-targeting-our-children/ 3/3 Campaign for a Comercial Free Childhood, ‘Marketing to Children Overview’ http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/resource/marketing- children- overview (accessed 23 March 2016) Jolly, R 2011, ‘Marketing Obesity? Junk food, advertising and kids’http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_D epartments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp09#_Toc 282609498(accessed 23 March 2016) Oates, C, Blades, M & Gunter, B 2002 ‘Children and television advertising: When do they understand the persuasive intent?’, Journal of Consumer Behaviour vol. 1, issue 3, pp 238-245 Australian Association of National Advertisers, ‘Code for Advertising & Marketing Communication to Children’ 2016, http://aana.com.au/content/uploads/2016/02/Advertising_ Marketing_Comms_to_Children_Code_081215.pdf(Accessed 4 April 2016) Image Sources Image 1: http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/blog/exploiting- children-one-commercial Image
- 14. 2: http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Dep artments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp09#_Toc28 2609498 Advertisements https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/www.commercialf reechildhood.org/resource/marketing-children-overview http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Depart ments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp09#_Toc2826 09498 http://aana.com.au/content/uploads/2016/02/Advertising_Market ing_Comms_to_Children_Code_081215.pdf http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/blog/exploiting- children-one-commercial http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Depart ments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp09#_Toc2826 09498 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 1/11 For first time, company owner faces life sentence for food poisoning outbreak By Moni Basu, CNN Updated 7:54 AM EDT, Mon September 21, 2015 01:53 - Source: WALB Verdict delivered in salmonella trial STORY HIGHLIGHTS
- 15. A jury convicted Stewart Parnell of knowingly marketing tainted peanut paste That paste was traced to the deadliest salmonella outbreak in recent years LIVE Testimony in the trial of ex-officer Derek Chauvin in the death of George Floyd US L I V E T V https://www.cnn.com/profiles/moni-basu-profile https://www.cnn.com/specials/live-video-1 https://cnn.com/ https://cnn.com/us https://cnn.it/go2 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 2/11 (CNN) — Even after his mom died, Je� Almer bought a Mother’s Day card splashed in pastels and bearing the sweetest of words. He tucked a photo of his mother inside the card and addressed it to Stewart Parnell, the man who owned and ran Peanut Corporation of America. Inside, Almer wrote: I did not know where to send this to since my mother is no longer alive, so I
- 16. am sending it to you, the person who is responsible for where she is today. Shirley Mae Almer, 72, survived lung cancer and a brain tumor, but not one of America’s favorite foods: peanut butter. Parnell’s company, PCA, had manufactured the creamy stu� that she slathered on her toast at a nursing home in Minnesota. It was laced with deadly salmonella. Courtesy Je� Almer Shirley Almer, center, died of salmonella in peanut butter. Almer died a few days before Christmas in 2008. Her son sent the Mother’s Day card to let Parnell know how he felt: “I know what you did. You know what you did. And I am not walking away from this.” That was the only communication Almer ever had with Parnell, who was convicted a year ago in a groundbreaking food safety trial. On Monday, Almer will finally get a chance to directly address the man he accuses of his mother’s death, when victims of that peanut butter Victims' families say Parnell deserves a harsh sentence http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/30/us/peanut-salmonella-trial/ http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/19/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/ 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN
- 17. https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 3/11 address the man he accuses of his mother s death, when victims of that peanut butter salmonella outbreak will be allowed to speak at Parnell’s sentencing. Parnell faces life in prison, according to court documents that detailed the sentencing guidelines. His brother and food broker, Michael Parnell, faces 17 years, and a plant manager, Mary Wilkerson, could be behind bars for five years. It is the first time that a food executive has been convicted on federal felony charges linked to a food poisoning outbreak. A life sentence for Parnell would be the harshest sentence ever doled out. Almer, who became a food safety activist after his mother’s death, was surprised by the potential sentence, as were others who have worked for years for stronger legislation and enforcement to keep America’s food supply free of contamination. “Then again there is nothing to compare this to,” Almer said. “This is unprecedented.” ’Just ship it’ The salmonella outbreak almost seven years ago was the deadliest event of its kind in recent years.
- 18. Federal and state disease detectives traced the deaths of nine people, including Shirley Almer, to PCA’s peanut processing plant in Blakely, Georgia. Another 714 people in 46 states were sickened, some critically. A jury in Georgia convicted Parnell last year on 72 counts of conspiracy, fraud and other federal charges, in what food safety advocates hailed as a long-awaited victory. “Our government seems to be sending a clear message that poisoning your customers may well land you in jail,” said Bill Marler, a Seattle food safety lawyer who represented several victims of the outbreak, including Almer. At trial, prosecutors called 45 witnesses and presented more than 1,000 documents including months of emails, lab results and financial records to make their case that Parnell knew about the contamination covered it up and ordered PCA to continue shipments of salmonella-tainted RELATED GALLERY Peanut butter trial GALLERY RELATED GALLERY Worst foodborne illness outbreaks GALLERY
- 19. https://www.cnn.com/2014/08/29/us/gallery/peanut-butter- trial/index.html https://www.cnn.com/2013/05/09/health/gallery/worst- foodborne-illnesses/index.html 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 4/11 the contamination, covered it up and ordered PCA to continue shipments of salmonella-tainted peanut paste used to manufacture a variety of products. The prosecution’s blistering opening statement contained three now-infamous words Parnell wrote in a March 2007 email to a plant manager about contaminated products: “Just ship it.” Defense statements and witnesses, which took all of 104 minutes, portrayed Parnell as a small- business owner who was scapegoated by the government. Defense attorneys argued that Parnell did not know about mismanagement at the plant, that he was the fall guy for other employees’ wrongdoing. The prosecution was a rarity, Marler said, because the Department of Justice charged the Parnell brothers with felonies. Prior cases involved misdemeanors. Mark Wilson/Getty Images
- 20. Stewart Parnell invoked the Fifth Amendment at a congressional hearing. “Prosecutors took a risk and fortunately, the jury believed them,” Marler said. “The jury saw this for what it was. The emails and documents told a story of a company that was more interested in shipping out products than products that were safe.” 1.4 million cases a year The Parnell brothers, Moore said, “could easily spend the rest of their lives in prison.” A t tb k f l ll f b h i f t d 418 l i 31 t t http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/09/health/arizona-salmonella- outbreak/index.html 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 5/11 A current outbreak of salmonella from cucumbers has infected 418 people in 31 states, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Arizona Daily Star reported the death of a woman after eating a tainted cucumber. Salmonella fast facts Former employees of Peanut Corp. described filthy conditions at the Georgia plant. Federal inspectors found roaches, rats, mold, dirt, accumulated grease
- 21. and bird droppings during their raid. They also found a leaky roof. Salmonella is often associated with meat, poultry, eggs and raw milk – products from animals that are carriers of the bacteria. It also thrives in the intestines of birds and can be found in fruits and vegetables and in ingredients made from them. The presence of water in what is supposed to be a dry processing facility for peanuts is like adding gasoline to fire for salmonella, food safety experts say. Health o�cials discovered similar poor conditions at Peanut Corp.’s other processing plant in Plainview, Texas. The company filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy shortly after it was shut down. Two former plant managers worked out deals with the government in exchange for their testimonies against Parnell. Almer sat through many days of Parnell’s trial last year in a courtroom in Albany, Georgia. He is traveling from his Minnesota home this weekend back to Albany. He said he needed to speak at Parnell’s sentencing for his personal well-being. He wants to look Parnell and other company executives in the eye, talk about his mother and tell them about “what they took away and what they will never be able to take away.” He said he was worn out from all these years of talking about his mother’s death and the sentencing would finally bring some sort of end. It felt like getting to the last chapter after
- 22. slogging through a lengthy novel like “War and Peace.” “People think salmonella is something that gives you a stomachache,” Almer said. “It killed my mother.” http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/09/health/arizona-salmonella- outbreak/index.html http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/health/salmonella-fast-facts/ 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 6/11 Paid Links Highest Paying Annuities Top Rated Mattresses Federal Grants for Women Luxury Vacation Packages Top Stocks of 2020 US World Politics Business
- 30. https://www.cnn.com/audio https://coupons.cnn.com/ https://www.cnn.com/weather 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 7/11 More US FOLLOW CNN Terms of Use Privacy Policy Do Not Sell My Personal Information Accessibility & CC About Newsletters Transcripts © 2021 Cable News Network. A Warner Media Company. All Rights Reserved. CNN Sans ™ & © 2016 Cable News Network. https://www.cnn.com/weather https://www.cnn.com/more https://www.cnn.com/ https://www.cnn.com/us https://facebook.com/CNN https://twitter.com/CNN https://instagram.com/CNN https://www.cnn.com/terms https://www.cnn.com/privacy
- 31. https://www.cnn.com/accessibility https://www.cnn.com/about https://www.cnn.com/newsletters https://www.cnn.com/transcripts 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 8/11 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 9/11 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 10/11 4/12/2021 Peanut company owner faces life in jail for salmonella - CNN https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/20/us/peanut-butter-salmonella- trial/index.html 11/11
- 32. 4/12/2021 Tim Cook to talk consumer privacy and data ethics at European data protection conference later this month - 9to5Mac https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/ 1/4 Tim Cook to talk consumer privacy and data ethics at European data protection conference later this month Peter Cao - Oct. 3rd 2018 10:32 am PT @iPeterCao Apple CEO Tim Cook is set to be the keynote speaker at a European data protection conference taking place in Brussels later this month. The EU recently introduced a new data protection framework, GDPR, and some U.S lawmakers are now questioning whether or not we’ll see a similar stance in the United States. As reported by TechCrunch, Europe’s data protection commissioners will be gathering during a week this month to discuss GDPR and what it plans for the future. They will also gather to hear Cook talk data protection and data ethics. 4 Comments https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/ https://9to5mac.com/author/ipetercao/ https://twitter.com/iPeterCao http://9to5mac.com/guides/gdpr https://techcrunch.com/2018/10/03/apples-tim-cook-is-sending- a-privacy-bat-signal-to-us-lawmakers/
- 33. https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/#disqus_thread https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/?share=facebook https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/?share=twitter https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/?share=pinterest https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/?share=linkedin https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/?share=reddit 4/12/2021 Tim Cook to talk consumer privacy and data ethics at European data protection conference later this month - 9to5Mac https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/ 2/4 Of course, most Apple fans know that Cook and Apple have been publicly talking about privacy for many years. Apple believes privacy is a fundamental human right, and that it is one of the bigger issues in the 21st century. The company has gone as far as testify in front of the U.S senate arguing in favor of a federal privacy legislation, which would bring similar benefits to Europe’s GDPR laws. In a few weeks’ time Cook will literally stand alongside the architects of Europe’s GDPR, talking up privacy and ethics at the center of a Union whose founding charter grants its citizens data protection as a fundamental right. They are most interested in seeing Cook’s angle on privacy and
- 34. protecting consumer data, especially when fighting against countries such as China which is notoriously known for its lack of strong privacy laws. It’s clear as the first trillion-dollar company in America that a business can be successful while still being privacy-oriented. Other tech brands such as Facebook, Google, and Amazon are notoriously known for collecting gobs of user data to “make the experience better”. However, Apple has proven time and time again that this can be done with collecting minimal to no user data. Subscribe to 9to5Mac on YouTube for more Apple news: https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/02/tim-cook-vice-interview/ https://9to5mac.com/2018/09/26/bud-tribble-senate-testimony/ https://kck.st/2IuTEEL https://www.youtube.com/c/9to5mac?sub_confirmation=1 4/12/2021 Tim Cook to talk consumer privacy and data ethics at European data protection conference later this month - 9to5Mac https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/ 3/4 Guides FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More. You’re reading 9to5Mac — experts who break news about Apple and its surrounding ecosystem, day after day. Be sure to check out our homepage for all the latest news, and follow 9to5Mac
- 35. on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn to stay in the loop. Don’t know where to start? Check out our exclusive stories, reviews, how-tos, and subscribe to our YouTube channel Check out 9to5Mac on YouTube for more Apple news: https://9to5mac.com/about/#affiliate http://9to5mac.com/ http://twitter.com/9to5mac http://facebook.com/9to5mac https://www.linkedin.com/company/9to5mac.com/ https://9to5mac.com/feature/exclusive/ https://9to5mac.com/guides/review/ https://9to5mac.com/guides/how-to/ https://www.youtube.com/9to5mac https://www.youtube.com/c/9to5mac?sub_confirmation=1 4/12/2021 Tim Cook to talk consumer privacy and data ethics at European data protection conference later this month - 9to5Mac https://9to5mac.com/2018/10/03/tim-cook-eu-gdpr-comittee- talk/ 4/4 Tim Cook The CEO of Apple GDPR About the Author Peter Cao @iPeterCao Peter writes for 9to5Mac. He has a passion for music and
- 36. technology and has accepted the Bluetooth audio revolution, but will never give up the beauty of vinyl. https://9to5mac.com/guides/tim-cook/ https://9to5mac.com/guides/gdpr/ https://9to5mac.com/author/ipetercao/ https://9to5mac.com/author/ipetercao/ https://twitter.com/iPeterCao 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 1/10 Controversial caffeinated products A P R I L 3 0 , 2 0 1 3 / 2 : 5 1 P M / C B S N E W S Caffeine in coffee and tea has been tied to health benefits, including reduced risks for heart disease. But, less is clear about the health effects of caffeine added to foods such as potato chips and gum -- especially in children and teens, who health advocates warn may be likely to reach for these snacks. "It is disturbing," FDA deputy commissioner of foods Michael Taylor told the Associated Press of the recent trend of adding caffeine to foods. "We're concerned about
- 37. whether they have been adequately evaluated." Several other caffeinated products have been scrutinized recently over fears children may harm their health if they get their hands on them. Keep clicking to see some caffeinated products that have made recent headlines... W I K I M E D I A C O M M O N S 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 2/10 Wrigley's Alert gum The FDA kicked off its new look at caffeine's effects on children's and teens as a response to the April 2013 introduction of a new caffeinated gum from Wrigley. One piece of Wrigley's Alert Energy Caffeine Gum contains the same amount of caffeine as half a cup of coffee, according to the product's label -- about 40 milligrams of caffeine.
- 38. The product is marketed to consumers ages 25 and older, but critics argue it's not enough to say a product is marketed towards adults when the caffeine is added to items like candy that are attractive to children. FDA officials have held meetings with some of the large food companies that have ventured into caffeinated products, including Mars Co., which owns Wrigley, according to the AP. A P P H O T O / W M . W R I G L E Y J R . C O M P A N Y Arma Energy Snx 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 3/10 Arma Energy Snx chips and granola are made with salt, spices, B vitamins, caffeine and taurine. The latter two ingredients are commonly found in energy drinks. A servings of Arma's kettle cooked energy chips contains about
- 39. 70 milligrams of caffeine, about the same as an espresso shot. The American Academy of Pediatrics says caffeine has been linked to harmful effects on young people's developing neurological and cardiovascular systems. A R M A E N E R G Y S N X Cracker Jack'd 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 4/10 In November 2012, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) sent a letter to the FDA urging its officials to investigate three caffeinated products that may get into the hands of children, including Frito- Lay's Cracker Jack'D. The caffeinated snacks contained about 70 milligrams of caffeine. "Unless the FDA begins enforcing its regulations, I fear that we'll see caffeine being added to ever-more improbable drinks and snacks, putting children, unsuspecting
- 40. pregnant women, and others at risk," CSPI executive director Michael F. Jacobson said in a written statement at that time. "How soon before we have caffeinated burgers, burritos, or breakfast cereals?" "Cracker Jack'D is a product line specifically developed for adult consumers and will not be marketed to children," a company spokesperson said at the time. "The package design and appearance are wholly different from Cracker Jack to ensure there is no confusion among consumers." H T T P : / / W W W. N A T I O N W I D E C A N D Y. C O M MiO "water enhancers" 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 5/10 Kraft's MIO water enhancers drew the ire of the CSPI because young children may be more likely to use beyond the recommended servings of the colorful, sweetened product.
- 41. MiO Energy comes in 32- and 48-milliliter squirt bottles that dispense half-teaspoon-sized servings intended to flavor water with each serving containing about 60 milligrams of caffeine, about as much as a small cup of coffee. "We suspect that many children would add several squirts of the colorful liquid to a glass of water," CSPI said in a letter to the FDA and Kraft. M I O W E B S I T E Jelly Belly's "Extreme Sport Beans" 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 6/10 Each 1-ounce package of Jelly Belly's "Extreme Sport Beans" contains 50 milligrams of caffeine, the CSPI noted in its letter to the FDA. The CSPI said in its letter it worries companies large and small can begin adding caffeine to all kinds of foods and beverages, leading to serious health problems for
- 42. young children. J E L LY B E L LY AeroShot caffeine inhalers 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 7/10 This next product was not marketed specifically as a food, but the FDA said it should have been based on how it works. Breathable Foods' AeroShot caffeine inhalers deliver "airborne energy," according to its makers, by providing a caffeine boost on-the-go when users breathe in a dissolved fine powder from the lipstick- sized canister. Democratic U.S. Sen. Charles Schumer of New York had pressed the FDA in December 2011 to review AeroShot, saying he feared it would be used as a club drug that allows people to stay up all night drinking.
- 43. The FDA reviewed the product, and warned the company to change "misleading" labeling of its product as "inhalable caffeine," because the product is technically a dietary supplement that should be ingested. The agency also chastised the company for advertising it for use when "hitting the books," an activity common in children in adolescents. In this Jan. 23, 2012 still photo taken from video, students try free samples of AeroShot, an inhalable caffeine packed in a lipstick-sized canister, on the campus of Northeastern University in Boston. Harvard University engineering professor David Edwards, created AeroShot, which went on the market in late January. A P 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 8/10 Four Loko
- 44. Energy drinks have also gotten federal attention in recent years over potential health risks for children and young people. Four Loko was an alcoholic energy drink that got the attention of federal investigators because teens and young adults were blacking out after drinking the products. The FDA in 2010 warned the makers of Four Loko -- along with other companies that made similar beverages -- that caffeine is an unsafe food additive for alcoholic beverages and the products' marketing targets young adults who are especially vulnerable to adverse behavioral effects. Four Loko eventually removed caffeine from its beverages. Alcoholic energy drinks "Four Loko" (left) and "Joose" are shown at a press conference, Nov. 10, 2010, at the Capitol in Olympia, Wash. A P P H O T O 5-Hour-Energy 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated-
- 45. products/10/ 9/10 In November 2012, the FDA announced it was investigating 13 deaths and 33 hospitalizations linked to 5- hour Energy drinks, a 1.9-ounce caffeinated "shot." Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration noted a ten-fold increase in energy-drink related emergency room visits from 2005 to 2008. About 52 percent of emergency room visits were from people ages 18 to 25 who had mixed the products with alcohol or other drugs. 5-Hour Energy CEO Manoj Bhargava told CBS News medical correspondent Dr. Jon LaPook at the time his product was safe, and his son in his early 20s uses it everyday. L I V I N G E S S E N T I A L S Monster Energy Drink 4/10/2021 Monster Energy Drink - Controversial caffeinated products - CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/controversial-caffeinated- products/10/ 10/10 A lawsuit filed last year by the family of 14-year-old Anais Fournier said the girl went into cardiac arrest after drinking two 24-ounce cans of Monster drinks in a 24-hour
- 46. period. The Food and Drug Administration is also investigating reports of deaths linked to energy drinks, including five that cite Monster beverages. Monster denied its products role in the girl's death, saying she had a pre-existing medical condition. Monster added its target market is 18 to 34-year-olds, but that its drinks are nevertheless safe for children. F I V E H O L E F O R F O O D / F L I C K R 4/12/2021 Uber’s Surge Pricing: Is it Ethical? – Sound Economics https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/2017/02/17/ubers-surge- pricing-is-it-ethical/ 1/2 Uber’s Surge Pricing: Is it Ethical? Posted on February 17, 2017 by Lukie Crowley Uber has been popping up in the news quite a bit recently, not really for anything good either. They were criticized heavily when they stayed active (only shutting down the surge pricing) right after the Muslim ban was announced, despite the fact that taxi drivers around the JFK airport protested doing any driving
- 47. in effort to show their disagreement with the ban. Uber’s CEO Travis Kalanick made a statement condemning the ban right after and removed himself from Trump’s economic advisory council due to heavy pressure. Kalanick’s statement can be seen below. “I also let him know that I would not be able to participate on his economic council. Joining the group was not meant to be an endorsement of the president or his agenda but unfortunately it has been misinterpreted to be exactly that.” Again, this was after much pushback from their users, as they had already lost 200,000 users by February 3rd. Now it is important to account for the fact that those number of users only account for 0.5% of the amount that use the company, but the pushback in general was significant enough for him to leave the council and set up a three million dollar legal defense fund for those affected by the ban. This fund was set up after Lyft had immediately announced that they would be donating one million dollars over a four year period to the ACLU. Now, it was certainly unethical for Uber to be active for the period of time that they were after the Muslim ban was announced, but the surge pricing standing alone is a different topic, and an important one to
- 48. discuss. Uber has created surge pricing almost as a brand since its inception in 2010, with the general idea of surge pricing being that if you are in a crowded location the rates will automatically go up based on the demand for a ride. Additionally, this idea is that if the surge pricing is high enough more drivers will participate and there will be more overall supply to those who need to go somewhere. Many people have criticized Uber because of this strategy due to the fact that surge pricing still occurs on holiday and general busy events. In my opinion, it is not unethical to have surge pricing on during the holidays because just like any other company, you might see mark ups when an item is being demanded at such a high rate or in such a short period of time. Sound Economics Everyday economics from the University of Puget Sound https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/2017/02/17/ubers-surge- pricing-is-it-ethical/ https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/author/lcrowley/ http://fortune.com/2017/02/03/uber-lyft-delete-donald-trump- executive-order/
- 49. http://money.cnn.com/2017/02/02/technology/uber-travis- kalanick-trump-advisory-council/index.html https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/12/magazine/is-ubers-surge- pricing-an-example-of-high-tech-gouging.html?_r=0 https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/ 4/12/2021 Uber’s Surge Pricing: Is it Ethical? – Sound Economics https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/2017/02/17/ubers-surge- pricing-is-it-ethical/ 2/2 It does become unethical in events like the Sydney hostage crisis in 2014 where they originally left surge pricing on in the area (obviously extremely wrong for people trying to escape) but then reimbursed the passengers later. There is a line to be crossed with surge pricing, and Uber has to be very careful when these issues come up. When it comes, to sports, concerts and general busier events it is a fine business model to have when there are generally more people demanding a ride. Put yourself in the position of the driver, the one that may simply do it because of the surged prices. Now, put yourself in the position of the consumer like many of us that have used Uber or similar services. Make a conclusion and let me know what you think!
- 50. This entry was posted in Economics and tagged ethics, Muslim ban, Surge prices, Trump, Uber by Lukie Crowley. Bookmark the permalink [https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/2017/02/17/ubers- surge-pricing-is-it-ethical/] . http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/15/uber-sydney-surge- pricing_n_6325026.html https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/category/economics/ https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/tag/ethics/ https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/tag/muslim-ban/ https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/tag/surge-prices/ https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/tag/trump/ https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/tag/uber/ https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/author/lcrowley/ https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/2017/02/17/ubers-surge- pricing-is-it-ethical/ 4/10/2021 Feds to Bust Deceptive Weight-Loss Ads https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight- loss/a19935515/weight-loss-ads/ 1/3 FTC to Crack Down on Deceptive Weight- Loss Ads Several big companies have to fork over major cash for making false promises BY ANNIE DALY JAN 7, 2014
- 51. Today, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced a new law-enforcement initiative that will entail them seriously cracking down on misleading advertisements for weight-loss products. It's called "Operation Failed Resolution," and it's part of the FTC's larger goal to stop deceptive advertising campaigns that promise consumers easy weight loss. Operation Failed Resolution is taking legal action against four big companies, all of which falsely promise easy weight loss in their advertisements. "The claims simply aren't supported by the evidence," Jessica Rich, the director of the Federal Trade Commission's Bureau of Consumer Protection, said at the press conference this morning. "We are not banning the products—we are saying that they can't make false claims about [them]." MORE: 5 Celebrity Diets That DON'T Work Skincare Secrets Your Favorite Celebs Swear By MORE FROM WOMEN'S HEALTH
- 52. WATCH: Skincare Secrets Your Favorite Celebs Swear By https://www.womenshealthmag.com/author/1009/annie-daly/ https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight- loss/a19929154/celebrity-diet-plans/ 4/10/2021 Feds to Bust Deceptive Weight-Loss Ads https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight- loss/a19935515/weight-loss-ads/ 2/3 Here are the four companies the FTC is cracking down on: Sensa Sensa is a flavored powder that's supposed to cause weight loss when you sprinkle it on your food—without any change in diet or exercise. The company's advertisements claim that the powder enhances the smell and taste of your food, making you feel full faster and therefore eat less. The ads also claim that a scientific study about the product proves that you can lose up to 30 pounds in six months. The FTC says that the study was based on fabricated data and was too controlled by Sensa to be characterized as independent. They are charging Sensa's creator, Alan
- 53. Hirsch, with failure to disclose information. As a result, Sensa now owes $26.5 million to the FTC in claims, and the FTC will make that money available to consumers for refunds. MORE: Healthy Appetite Suppressant Tricks L'Occitane The advertisements for two of this company's popular almond skin creams, Almond Beautiful Shape and Almond Shaping Delight, claim that they are clinically proven to slim your body. Specifically, they promise to fight cellulite and to trim 1.3 inches off of users' thighs. The FTC says that the two studies the claims are based on are flawed, so L'Occitane now owes $450,000 in claims to the FTC. MORE: 3 Moves That Blast Cellulite HCG Diet Direct This company produces liquid homeopathic hCG drops, called hCG Diet Direct Drops, and promises that they help consumers rapidly lose weight—up to 40 pounds
- 54. in 40 days. However, the FTC says that HCG Diet Direct failed to provide studies that support such dramatic claims. They also found that the company made other false claims, including the fact that its diet drops are FDA-approved (they're not). WATCH: Skincare Secrets Your Favorite Celebs Swear By https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight- loss/a19962187/appetite-control/ https://www.womenshealthmag.com/fitness/a20702719/melt- method/ 4/10/2021 Feds to Bust Deceptive Weight-Loss Ads https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight- loss/a19935515/weight-loss-ads/ 3/3 Lean Spa LLC This is a dietary supplement marketing company, and they ran advertisements that promised people could lose 25 pounds in four weeks by using some of their products, like Nutrislim, without making any other specific diet or exercise changes. The FTC charged the company with using fake news websites to
- 55. promote the effectiveness of their products and with telling consumers that they could receive free trials of the products just by paying shipping and handling. If approved, the settlement requires that Lean Spa pay the FTC up to $7 million in claims. Hopefully, these moves will encourage companies to stop making false claims about weight-loss products. You can find out more about Operation Failed Resolution at the FTC's website. MORE: The 13 Biggest Fitness Myths WATCH: Skincare Secrets Your Favorite Celebs Swear By http://www.ftc.gov/ https://www.womenshealthmag.com/ fitness/a19983503/fitness- myths/ 4/10/2021 Astroturfing: Government shills are flooding the web https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/astroturfing- government-shills-are-flooding-the-web-001871693.html 1/7 OPINION Blasting News US > Opinion Astroturfing: Government shills are flooding the web
- 56. Cyber warfare via Wikimedia Commons Online propaganda is real, so is cyber warfare: how the general public is being fed disinformation. by DM (article) and Milos Kitanovic (video) July 25, 2017 at 12:40 PM Video of the Day: '90 Day Fiance': Fans slam Brittany on Instagram, ask her to remove her weave See Rippling rippling.com GET A DEMO Learn More Ad : (0:48)Ad : (0:48) 1 Login2 https://us.blastingnews.com/ https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/ https://us.blastingnews.com/editorial-staff/slatkoslano-recepti/ https://us.blastingnews.com/editorial-staff/milos-kitanovic/ https://us.blastingnews.com/showbiz-tv/2020/11/video/90-day- fiance-fans-slam-brittany-on-instagram-ask-her-to-remove-her- weave-005404734.html https://us.blastingnews.com/ https://us.blastingnews.com/login/
- 57. 4/10/2021 Astroturfing: Government shills are flooding the web https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/astroturfing- government-shills-are-flooding-the-web-001871693.html 2/7 The rapid technological evolution has made the world a different place. Our society has, undoubtedly, evolved along with technology. The internet has changed the way we consume information and the way we live. It has become an integral part of our lives. This has not gone unnoticed by corporations and governments all over the world. They understand the potential of the world wide web, and they are constantly trying to find ways to monopolize the virtual space. Astroturfing: Definition and examples By definition, astroturfing is "the practice of masking the sponsors of a message or organization to make it appear as though it originates from and is supported by a grassroots participant." In layman's terms, astroturfing is spreading propaganda disguised as public opinion. It's safe to conclude that governments and corporations have always done this through mass media, but the internet has given them a whole new avenue to explore and spread their propaganda. Reddit, for example, has reduced itself to being nothing but a propaganda tool, for the most part, but social media websites are not immune to so called "shills." The British Army has created a special team of online "warriors," skilled in
- 58. psychological manipulation, to aid Britain in Cyber Warfare, the Guardian has reported. An army spokesman has officially confirmed this. ADVERTISEMENT https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/what-has-modern- media-reduced-itself-to-001859009.html https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/how-reddit-is- being-manipulated-001869991.html https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/why-do-we-take- selfies-and-why-do-we-love-them-so-much-001844615.html 4/10/2021 Astroturfing: Government shills are flooding the web https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/astroturfing- government-shills-are-flooding-the-web-001871693.html 3/7 Additionally, the Washington Post confirmed that the Obama administration hired a man named Cass Sunstein, famous for writing a Harvard paper that suggests intelligence officials should infiltrate online forums and chat rooms (with an emphasis on "conspiracy theory" communities), to influence discussion and spread propaganda. President Obama, however, is not the first government official to use new media as a propaganda tool. According to a paper submitted to the Naval War College by USA Army major Angela Maria Lungu, and titled "The internet and psychological operations," both George W. Bush's and Al Gore's campaign teams wanted to use
- 59. chat rooms and similar platforms for "guided discussions to influence how citizens think about certain topics." One of Reddit's most popular subreddits, /r/The_Donald can also be considered an echo chamber, a favorite habitat of trolls and Trump shills. This just shows how there is no difference between the left and the right when it comes to propaganda: regardless of their political stances, politicians will not let anything stand in their way when it comes to engineering narratives and disguising them as public opinion. What does the future hold? Governments and corporations are always a few steps ahead of the general public. ADVERTISEMENT Cybrary OPEN Certi�cations, Skills, Cyber Ad ADVERTISEMENT https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/how-many- paradigms-has-donald-trump-shifted-001854571.html https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/how-internet- trolls-helped-donald-trump-win-001839871.html https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=C_jJJ 8- dxYM6pOsSWngSh2ozQDKmLlaphyKeJr7AN7_ri2o0bEAEgma
- 68. V9jNjdVQlc3dks4TDliby1zaUpMQU93Mzh2XzlKT3JsRlpqV1p TRWlYSFdoRUdqYnNnQjJnIixbbnVsbCxudWxsLG51bGwsImh 0dHBzOi8vZGlzcGxheWFkcy1mb3JtYXRzLmdvb2dsZXVzZXJj b250ZW50LmNvbS9hZHMvcHJldmlldy9jb250ZW50LmpzP2Ns aWVudD13dGFcdTAwMjZvYmZ1c2NhdGVkQ3VzdG9tZXJJZD 01NjQ1NjM2Mzg4XHUwMDI2Y3JlYXRpdmVJZD00OTIzMzY 5NzYyNTRcdTAwMjZ2ZXJzaW9uSWQ9MFx1MDAyNmFkR3J vdXBDcmVhdGl2ZUlkPTQ1OTY2MDIxOTMzNlx1MDAyNmh0 bWxQYXJlbnRJZD1wcmV2LTBcdTAwMjZoZWlnaHQ9MjUwX HUwMDI2d2lkdGg9MzAwXHUwMDI2c2lnPUFDaVZCX3pBM 2lQWlAyTHlBZ05OZjR4cERBM1VlYTdPN3ciXSxudWxsLG51 bGwsMiwiRUh1cy1ad3UxelVJeUtlSnI3QU5FS2Fhd2RFbkdNV HN2MEFpQ21ONVluSmhjbmt1YVhReUNBZ0ZFeGltbVFFVVF oZGpZUzF3ZFdJdE16QTNNVEF3TURFMU5qSTRNamszTmtn RldEZGc3QU53QWFnQkFRIiwiMTA2Mzk5MjA0MjIiXV1dLFs yLDEsMV1dKjDwuPD0sDD0qhOHOuVjGNQ39tN2NarTHaJRy Io9OKh- AGh5gSHGy67HOsnkNCq29Zmnpzu2sicgiN5546voz6gv7TssF7 BkAWo2p_df28dRyX_CO8UyJWeWGH- eb3grt5DcztNNx0gxg30hBYK14APGWcLlVblyhHCBc83- Y6PQRWwtOTTjDr2CxhuzTAnZKVueMZ6Ndd73Rs18jtYsrenl X8BnPla7Pw-SYEJq4im- hfuOPUoxP7PyodABRMrGSiAo1F4opbcGSKs0- opZRGpuivEKMyvrp-C7z7M_dC5- annsdh_TaV1I5ylzoh7d8Gl_Eejm4bI0ugMI2T1JGQ,52Tfr1Wnx CYGxdC2_x2lhQ&source=display 4/10/2021 Astroturfing: Government shills are flooding the web https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/astroturfing- government-shills-are-flooding-the-web-001871693.html 4/7 According to the Business Insider, 90% of media is controlled by six corporations. Governments have long ago penetrated social media and
- 69. discussion websites. What the general public is currently unaware of though, is that any time they are discussing something online, they could be talking to someone hired and paid by the government or a corporation. The world wide web is being taken away from us, and instead of remaining space for discussion and free thought, it is slowly transforming into a propaganda vehicle. Ironically, we've never had more access to information, and we've never had a harder time differentiating between real and fake news. © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Don't miss our page on Facebook! https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/differentiating- between-real-and-fake-news-001861639.html 4/10/2021 Astroturfing: Government shills are flooding the web https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2017/07/astroturfing- government-shills-are-flooding-the-web-001871693.html 5/7 Give It Love | Sponsored These Twins Were Named "Most Beautiful In The World," Wait Until You See Them Today Reporter Center | Sponsored
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- 77. Authors Contact Twitter « When the Law Should Ignore Incest Is Darwinian Medicine Good for Us? » Animal antibiotics Published April 18, 2012 | By Tom Douglas Suppose that a despotic political regime is keeping its citizens in cramped and unhygenic labour camps. The survival and and economic productivity of the incarcerated individuals is sustained only through the widespread administration of antibiotics which helps to prevent epidemics. It is difficult for international organisations to do anything about these work camps, but one thing they could do is cut off the supply of antibiotics. This would risk the lives of thousands of inmates in the short term, but can also be expected to put an end to the work- camp system in the longer term, since it would render the camps uneconomic. Should the international organisations cut-off the supply of antibiotics? It is doubtful whether they should. But now suppose we replace the work-camps with chicken houses and sow stalls, and the citzens with farm animals. Many farm animals held under
- 78. cramped and unhygenic conditions are kept alive, and economically productive, only through the widespread administration of antibiotics. Restricting access to these antibiotics would force the agricultural industry to reform these practices. In this case it seems more plausible that antibiotic use should be restricted. At least, this is what Robert S. Lawrence writes in The Atlantic. Lawrence is writing in response to a recent move by the FDA to tighten up the use of antibiotics in farm animals. There are three broad reasons for giving farm animals antibiotics: 1. to treat infectious diseases http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/about/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/authors-2/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/contact/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/twitter/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2012/04/when-the-law- should-ignore-incest/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2012/04/is-darwinian- medicine-good-for-us/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/author/tom-douglas/ http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/04/the-fda-did- not-do-enough-to-restrict-antibiotics-use-in-animals/255878/ 4/10/2021 Animal antibiotics | Practical Ethics blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2012/04/animal-antibiotics/ 2/7
- 79. 2. to prevent infectious disease 3. to promote rapid growth The FDA recently introduced a ‘voluntary restriction’ on the last of these, which has been regarded as the most unacceptable form of agricultural antibiotic use. The motivation for the restriction was a concern about bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This is a growing problem, and may be largely attributable to antibiotic use in animals. In the US, 70% of all antibiotic use occurs in farm animals. Moreover, whereas antibitic regimens used in humans tend to be short and high dose, those used in animals are often low-dose and long-term, making them mor conducive to the development of resistance. The FDA continues to endorse therapeutic and preventative use of antibiotics, however, and it has come under fire from Lawrence and others for this. Some argue that the FDA restrictions should have been extended to preventative uses as well. Lawrence argues that there are two main reasons to worry about preventative uses. First, like growth-promoting regimens, preventative regimens are typically long and low-dose. Thus, they too pose a serious threat of antibiotic resistance. Second, preventative regimens have largely been used to allow animals to be kept int cramped and unhygenic conditions that increase the exposure of animals to bacteria, and prevent behaviours that normal aid defences against infection.
- 80. Intensively farmed egg-producing chickens often have as little as 430 square centremetes of ground space each (about 2/3rds of the areas of your computer screen if you’re reading this on a standard 15” laptop) while meat- producing chickens may be kept in overcrowded hen houses on their own manure for their entire 5-6 week lives, often resulting in ammonia burns to their feet. These conditions are clearly bad for animal welfare as well as infection risk, and by endorsing preventative antibiotic use, the FDA is helping to facilitate their continuation. According to Lawrence, the FDA should tighten up on preventative uses of antibiotics as a way of inducing farmers to adopt more animal-friendly practices. Is there any persuasive response to this last concern? One argument in defence of the FDA would maintain that it is simply not the FDA’s legally- circumscribed job to look out for animal welfare. Another argument is of a pragmatic kind. Perhaps it would be impossible, or very costly, for the FDA to enforce a ban or ‘voluntary restriction’ on preventative antibiotic use. Lawrence cites evidence that even strict prohibitions are often flaunted by the agricultural industry: the poultry industry allegedly continues to use fluoroquinolone antibiotics despte a ban. Given this, there might seem little hope that a very broad restriction or ban would be respected. These arguments might perhaps get the FDA off the hook, but they won’t help the US Government as a whole. Animal welfare clearly does lie within
- 81. the jurisdiction of the US Government. And the US Government probably could enforce a ban on preventative antibiotic use. Is there any good argument for the US Government’s endorsement of preventative antibiotic use. http://www.keepantibioticsworking.com/new/PRfiles/KAW_pr_ guidance_documents_4.11.2012.pdf 4/10/2021 Animal antibiotics | Practical Ethics blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2012/04/animal-antibiotics/ 3/7 One argument would appeal to the work-camp example with which I started this post. Regarding that example, I suspect many would say that the antibiotic supply to the inmates should not be stopped. To interupt the supply of drugs would be to use current inmates as a means to improving the lot of others in the future, and that would be unacceptable. Perhaps it would be unacceptable to interupt the supply of antibiotics to farm animals for the same reasons. It’s very doubtful, however, whether concerns about the inmates in the work-camp case can be carried over to the case of industrial farming in this way. Sacrificing some people to benefit others is arguably morally unacceptable because people have rights, and sacrificing them violates those rights. But it is doubtful whether animals have rights against being used as a means to benefit others. Moreover, if they do, government
- 82. institutions should probably ban industrial farming altogether, since the very practice of farming animals uses them as a means. Unlike in the work-camp case, where I assumed that the international organisations could not put an end to the camps directly, the US government (though not the FDA alone) perhaps could put an end to industrial farming practices, and if animals have rights against being used as means, that is presumably what they should do. One final way of defending the US Government’s endorsement of preventative antibiotic use would be to defend the industrial farming practices that it permits. Some might maintain that the costs of these practices for animals are outweighed by the good that they produce for people. Perhaps if we were to move away from these practices, the costs of producing meat would go up leading to reductions in food supply and/or price rises. This might indirectly contribute to malnutrition among the world’s poorest people. However, there is some empirical evidence suggesting that this would not happen. In 2000, Denmark introduced strict laws on antiobiotic use in farm animals, and after a short term rise in animal illness and death, the pig farming industry improved the nutrition and housing of pigs. This does not appear to have substantially reduced the supply of pork and indeed Denmark remains the worlds leading pork exporter. Microbe Magazine reports that Between 1992 and 2008, Danish farmers increased swine production by
- 83. 47%,maintaining their standing as being among the largest exporters of pork in the world while exporting 90% of pork they produce. During this period, antimicrobial use in swine was reduced by 51%, from 100.4 to 48.9 mg/kg meat. It is not obvious that the Danish experience could be replicated elsewhere, but it should be reassuring to those concerned about reduction meat supply. More importantly, though, if the concern is with preserving food supply to the world’s poorest people, it would be best to move away from producing meat altogether and towards more resource-efficient forms of agriculture. It is difficult to defend industrial meat production practices on the grounds that they provide food more efficiently than less intensive farming practices when more efficient means of food supply that do not involve animals at all are available. http://www.microbemagazine.org/index.php/06-2011- home/3458-restricting-antimicrobial-use-in-food-animals- lessons-from-europe 4/10/2021 Animal antibiotics | Practical Ethics blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2012/04/animal-antibiotics/ 4/7
- 84. Posted in Food and Drink, Health, Public Health, Regulation, Tom Douglas' Posts | Tagged animal ethics, antibiotics, farming 2 Responses to Animal antibiotics Ben says: April 20, 2012 at 11:34 pm Tom, Why is it a violation of rights to “use” the suffering of the current generation to prohibit suffering to the future, but not the converse? (i.e. if we don’t ban antibiotics, then we’re increasing the suffering of future generations to decrease the pain of the current one.) Tom Douglas says: April 26, 2012 at 5:41 pm Hi Ben, I think there are few different ways in which one could draw a moral distinction between the two cases, though I’m not sure any are persuasive. For example, one suggestion might be that if one intervened to stop the antibiotics one would be *causing* present suffering in order to prevent future suffering, whereas one if one allowed the antibiotic supply to continue, one would only be *allowing* future suffering in order to prevent future suffering. Another suggestion would be that if one stopped the antibiotics one of the bad effects of this (the non-treatment of incarcerated individuals)
- 85. would be a causal intermediary in the production of the good effect (the prevention of future suffering), whereas if one did not stop the antibiotic supply, the resulting bad effect (future suffering) would not be a causal intermediary in the production of the good effect (prevent of current suffering). Of course you might well dispute the moral significance of these distinctions…. Recent Posts Mandating COVID-19 Vaccination for Children It’s Only a Game Oxford Uehiro Prize in Practical Ethics: May the Use of Violent Civil Disobedience Be Justified as a Response to Institutional Racism? Press Release: New Tavistock Legal Ruling on Puberty Blockers 3 people like this. Be the first of your friends.Like http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.pr acticalethics.ox.ac.uk%2F2012%2F04%2Fanimal- antibiotics%2F&t=Animal%20antibiotics http://twitter.com/home?status=Animal%20antibiotics%20- %20https://bit.ly/HSkDq8 http://reddit.com/submit?url=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.practicaleth ics.ox.ac.uk%2F2012%2F04%2Fanimal- antibiotics%2F&title=Ani mal%20antibiotics http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/food-and-drink/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/health/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/public-health/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/regulation/ http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/to m-douglas-posts/