BMG 320/03 Organisational Theory and Design Flexible · Affordable · Accessible the people’s university the people’s university Flexible · Affordable · Accessible 1 Unit 4 Internal Design Elements Flexible · Affordable · Accessible the people’s university the people’s university Flexible · Affordable · Accessible 2 4.1 Manufacturing and Service Technologies Manufacturing technologies include traditional manufacturing processes and contemporary applications, such as flexible manufacturing and lean manufacturing Service organisations accomplish their primary purpose through the production and provision of services, such as education, health care, transportation, banking, and hospitality A service is an intangible product that does not exist until it is requested by the customer. It cannot be stored, inventoried, or viewed as a finished good. If a service is not consumed immediately upon production, it will disappear. Strategy, structure and technology need to be aligned when competitive conditions change. Today’s increased global competition means more volatile markets, shorter product life cycles, and more sophisticated and knowledgeable consumers Manufacturing companies can adopt new technologies to support the strategy of flexibility the people’s university Flexible · Affordable · Accessible 4.2 Impact of Technology on Job Design Job design includes the assignment of goals and tasks to be accomplished by employees. Research has indicated that mass production technologies tend to produce job simplification, which means that the variety and difficulty of tasks performed by a single person are reduced. The consequence is boring, repetitive jobs that generally provide little satisfaction. Job rotation -Means moving employees from job to job to give them a greater variety of tasks Job enrichment -The job provides greater responsibility, recognition, and opportunities for growth and development Job enlargement - An expansion of the number of different tasks performed by an employee. Fewer workers are needed with the new technology, and each employee has to be able to perform a greater number and varietyof tasks. the people’s university Flexible · Affordable · Accessible 4.3 Organisation Size, Lifecycle and Decline LARGE ORGANISATION Economies of scale Global reach Vertical hierarchy Mechanistic structure Complex Stable market Organisation can provide longevity, benefits and promotions SMALL ORGANISATION Responsive Flexible Flat structure Organic structure Simple Niche Market Encourages entrepreneurship & innovation the people’s university Flexible · Affordable · Accessible Organisational Life Cycle the people’s university Flexible · Affordable · Accessible Organisational Life Cycle Entrepreneurial stage : - Emphasis is on creating a product or service and surviving - Organisation is informal and non-bureaucratic - Growth comes from new product or service - Control is based on the owner’ ...