The document discusses the Blue Brain Project, an attempt to simulate the human brain on a supercomputer. It aims to study brain tissue at the cellular level and use that data to build biological models of neurons that are then simulated digitally. The goals are to better understand how the brain works and potentially treat neurological diseases. Key aspects include using detailed brain scans, building an artificial neural network model, and simulating it on a powerful supercomputer. Challenges include the brain's complexity and fully replicating human-level intelligence, but potential applications include new treatments, faster computers, and preserving knowledge after death.

1. SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous Institution, approved by UGC and Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)
TECHNICAL SEMINAR
on
(THE FUTURE OF COMPUTERS)
Presented by…
Mrinmoy Dalal
CSE A (13311A0506)

2. Blue Brain Technology
THE “THINKING” COMPUTER

3. Table of Contents
Human Brain
Functioning Of Human Brain
Virtual Brain
Blue Brain
Blue Brain Project
Brain Simulation
Uploading the Human Brain
Objectives of Blue Brain Project
and Current Research Work
Requirements
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion

4. HUMAN BRAIN
The brain is the most complex part of the human body. This 1500 gm organ is the
seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, initiator of body movement, and
controller of behavior.
One can relate the brain to he CPU of a computer. As the computer cannot work
without its CPU, similarly the human body cannot function without its brain.
The brain consists of billions and billions of neurons which are responsible for the
conduction and transfer of information throughout the body, much like the relation
between CPU and motherboard.

5. FUNCTIONING OF HUMAN BRAIN

6. FUNCTIONING OF BRAIN
 Sensory Input :-
Receiving input such as sound,
image, etc. through sensory cell.
 Interpretation:-
Interpretation of the received input by the
brain by defining states of neurons in the brain.
 Motor Output:-
Receiving of electric responses from the brain
to perform any action .

7. THE BIG QUESTION(s)
Could a simulated brain start to think, feel and experience the world as if it were an
organic, human brain?
What happens if our brain malfunctions...??
Can we store data of a human brain into memory devices....??
Can we have the benefits of a persons intelligence even after he dies?
Can a person make decisions and attend meetings without being physically or mentally
present there...??

8. VIRTUAL BRAIN
A machine that can function as brain
It can take decision.
It can think.
It can response.
It can keep things in memory.

9. BLUE BRAIN
Technology is growing faster than everything.
If possible, IBM’s “BLUE BRAIN”, an artificial
brain that can think, respond, take decision,
and keep anything in memory, would be the
first virtual brain of the world.

10. THE BLUE BRAIN PROJECT
The Blue Brain Project is an attempt to reverse engineer the human brain
and recreate it at the cellular level inside a computer simulation.
This includes:
>> Studying slices of living brain tissue using highly accurate apparatus.
>> Collecting data about different neurons
>> Data collected is used to build biological realistic model
>> This data is then simulated into artificial neuronal network by a supercomputer.

11. THE BLUE BRAIN PROJECT
Founded in May 2005 in Ecole Polytechnique
Federale de Laussane or Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology located in Lausanne,
Switzerland.
Using a Blue Gene supercomputer running
Michael Hines's NEURON software, the
simulation does not consist simply of
an artificial neural network, but involves a
biologically realistic model of neurons. It is
hoped that it will eventually shed light on the
nature of consciousness
HENRY MARKRAM
Neuroscientist, EPFL
Director of BLUE BRAIN Project

12. BRAIN SIMULATION
NATURAL BRAIN STIMULATED BRAIN
INPUT: Through natural neurons INPUT: Through silicon chips or artificial
neurons
INTERPRETATION: By different states of the
neurons in the brain
INTERPRETATION: By a set of bits in the set of
register
OUTPUT: Through the neural neurons OUTPUT: Through the silicon chip
PROCESSING: Through arithmetic and logical
calculations
PROESSING: Through arithmetic and logical
calculations and artificial intelligence
MEMORY: Through permanent states of
neurons.
MEMORY: Through secondary memory

13. BRAIN STIMULATION
Simulating human brain by
reverse engineering & combining
biological studies to digital
technology using concept of
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

14. UPLOADING THE BRAIN
The uploading is possible by the use of small robots known as the nanobots.
These robots are small enough to travel through out our circulatory system.
Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the activity
and structure of our central nervous system.
They will be able to provide an interface with computer while we still reside in
our biological form
Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing
a complete readout of the connection.
This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function as us.
Thus the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded into the computer.

15. OBJECTIVES OF BLUE BRAIN PROJECT
IBM’s blue brain project will search for insights into how human beings think and
remember.
Scientists think that blue brain could also help to cure the Parkinson's disease.
The brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, the brain rewiring itself every
moment of its existence. If the scientists can crack open the secret of how and why
the brain does it, the knowledge could lead to new breed of supercomputers.

16. CURRENT RESEARCH WORK
IBM developing the “Blue brain” .
IBM, in partnership with scientists at Switzerland’s Ecole Polytechnique Federal De Lausanne’s (EPFL) Brain
and Mind Institute will begin simulating the brain’s biological systems.

17. REQUIREMENTS
 A Super computer.
 Memory with a very large storing capacity.
 Processor with a very high processing power.
 A very wide network.
 A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain to input signal, which is to
be received by the computer and vice versa.
 Very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between the natural brain and the
computer.

18. ADVANTAGES
 We can remember things without any effort.
 Decision can be made without the presence of a person.
 Even after the death of a man his intelligence can be used.
 Improvements in processing speed and memory could
make entire human brain simulated.
 The activity of different animals can be understood.
 Help deaf and mad people

19. DISADVANTAGES
We become dependent upon the computer
systems.
Others may use technical knowledge against us.
Computer viruses will pose an increasingly
critical threat.
Possibilities of human cloning.
If in future surrogates to humans are developed
then, there will be no human interaction and the
world will run on computers only.
(Cloning of this guy, bad idea)

20. APPLICATIONS
 Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
 Cracking the Neural Code
 A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
 Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
 A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
 A Global Facility
 A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations

21. CONCLUSION
Very soon this technology will be highly accepted
whole over the world but wisdom lies in right use.
“Technology does not create Brain but Brain
creates Technology”
We will be able to transfer ourselves into
computers at some point & this is just the
beginning……..!

22. REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Gene
http://www.artificialbrains.com/blue-brain-project#data
http://technology-report.com/category/artificial-intelligence/blue-brain-artificial-intelligence/
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=brain-project-neuron-to-whole-brain