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CASE STUDIES ON
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ETHICAL RESERACH
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TOPICS COVERED
CASE 1
SYPHILIS TUSKEGEE
CASE 2
SILVER SPRING
MONKEY
CASE 3
STANDFORD PRISON
EXPERIMENT

3. The Syphilis case study refers to the Tuskegee
Syphilis Study, a notorious unethical medical
experiment conducted in the United States
from 1932 to 1972. In this study, the U.S. Public
Health Service (PHS) recruited 600
impoverished African American men, 399 of
whom had latent syphilis, while 201 did not
have the disease and served as controls.
The participants were not informed that they
had syphilis nor were they provided with
appropriate treatment, even after penicillin
became widely available as an effective cure in
the 1940s. Instead, the study was designed to
observe the progression of untreated syphilis
over time.
CASE 01

4. Informed Consent:
Perhaps the most egregious ethical violation in the
Tuskegee Study was the lack of informed consent.
The participants were not informed that they had
syphilis, nor were they informed about the true
nature and purpose of the study. Informed consent is
a fundamental principle in research ethics, and
participants have the right to know what they are
being asked to participate in and what risks are
involved.
Deception:
The participants in the Tuskegee Study
were deceived about the true nature of the
research. They were told that they were
receiving free medical care, but in reality,
they were being denied proper treatment
for their syphilis.
Respect for Persons:
The participants in the Tuskegee Study
were vulnerable members of society,
and their rights and dignity were not
adequately protected. Respect for
persons is a core principle in research
ethics
Harm to Participants:
The participants in the Tuskegee Study were
denied proper medical treatment for their
syphilis, even after effective treatment became
available. This resulted in unnecessary suffering
and harm to the participants and their families.
Research should not cause harm to participants,
and researchers have a responsibility to prioritize
the well-being of their participants.
https://youtu.be/56gqCXlU
oE?feature=shared
ETHICS

5. CASE 02
The Silver Spring Monkey case, also known as the
"Taub case," was a pivotal moment in the history of
animal rights activism and biomedical research ethics.
It began in 1981 when animal rights activists exposed
the mistreatment of monkeys at a laboratory in Silver
Spring, Maryland, run by researcher Edward Taub..
Taub's experiments involved surgically immobilizing
monkeys' limbs to study neuroplasticity—the brain's
ability to reorganize neural pathways in response to
injury. However, the activists, led by the group People for
the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), alleged that the
monkeys were subjected to cruel and unnecessary
procedures without adequate anesthesia or
postoperative care.

6. ETHICS
Informed Consent:
The Silver Spring Monkey case also raised questions
about the concept of informed consent in animal
research. Unlike human participants, animals cannot
provide consent to participate in experiments, leading to
ethical dilemmas regarding their use in research settings
and the responsibilities of researchers to minimize harm.
Use of Primates:
The use of primates in research is particularly contentious due to
their cognitive complexity and capacity for suffering. The Silver
Spring Monkey case underscored the ethical challenges inherent in
using primates as experimental subjects and fueled debates about
the moral considerations involved in such research.
Animal Welfare:
The central ethical concern in the Silver Spring Monkey
case was the welfare of the research animals,
specifically the monkeys subjected to surgical
procedures and confinement in the laboratory. Critics
argued that the experiments caused unnecessary
suffering and were conducted without adequate regard
for the well-being of the animals involved.

7. CASE 03
The Stanford Prison Experiment was a psychological
study conducted in 1971 by psychologist Philip
Zimbardo. It aimed to investigate the effects of
perceived power dynamics and social roles on
individuals' behavior within a simulated prison
environment.
Zimbardo and his team recruited 24 mentally and emotionally
stable male college students to participate in the study. They
were randomly assigned to the roles of either prisoners or
guards in a mock prison set up in the basement of Stanford
University's psychology building. The participants were not
informed of the details of the experiment to prevent bias.
As the simulation progressed, both prisoners and guards began to internalize
their roles. Guards became increasingly authoritarian and abusive, while
prisoners showed signs of stress, anxiety, and rebellion. Some guards
subjected the prisoners to psychological abuse, including humiliation and
degradation.

8. ETHICS
Informed Consent:
One of the most significant ethical breaches in the Stanford Prison
Experiment was the lack of fully informed consent from participants. While
volunteers were briefed about the general nature of the study, they were not
adequately informed about the potential psychological and physical risks they
might encounter.
Psychological Harm:
The experiment resulted in significant psychological distress and harm to
the participants. The simulated prison environment led to extreme
stress, anxiety, and emotional trauma, with some participants
experiencing symptoms of depression and acute distress.