Postmodernism rejects notions of absolute truth and objective reality. It emphasizes the role of language, power structures, and social constructs in shaping ideas. Key postmodern thinkers like Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, and Deleuze criticized modernist views of objectivity and progress, and analyzed how knowledge and institutions are tied to systems of power and control. Postmodernism focuses on ambiguity, fragmentation, and local perspectives over universal narratives and theories.
This document is a paper analyzing J.M. Coetzee's novel Foe from a postcolonial and psychoanalytic perspective. It provides background on Coetzee and an overview of the plot of Foe, which retells Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe from the perspective of a woman named Susan Barton. The document then analyzes themes in Foe such as the inability of language to convey truth, the silencing of Susan Barton's perspective as a woman in a patriarchal society, and the power struggles surrounding narrative control and interpretation of history.
To Kill a Mockingbird as a Banned Book - Mariyah Jahangirimariyahj
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has frequently been banned from schools for several reasons. It has appeared on lists of most challenged books due to its use of profanity like the n-word. Schools have also banned it because of its depictions of violence and sensitive topics like rape. Additionally, some schools considered it degrading to African Americans. Examples show it was banned in places like Minnesota in 1977 for language, and in Indiana in 1981 where it was argued to cause "psychological damage" and promote racism. The document concludes that while the book addresses adult topics, it is important for children to be exposed to complex moral issues to help them understand the world.
Michel Foucault was a French philosopher known for his critical studies of social institutions and power structures. He was born in 1926 in France and held various academic positions before becoming a professor at the Collège de France. Foucault was politically active and protested on behalf of marginalized groups. He died of AIDS in 1984. Foucault analyzed discourses and power relations through concepts like discourse, knowledge/power, discipline, and governmentality/biopower. He studied how institutions shape realities and identities through regulatory practices and surveillance. His work criticized taken-for-granted "truths" through genealogical analysis and sought to uncover power dynamics.
Kate Chopin was one of the first feminist authors of the 19th century. Her short story "The Story of an Hour" tells of Mrs. Mallard learning of her husband's death and experiencing a sense of freedom and joy at the thought of being widowed. As a woman in the 1800s, she had no identity or independence outside of her marriage. However, through the story she demonstrates an independent and strong spirit in coming to realize her own life no longer needs to be constrained by society's expectations of women or dictated by her husband's will. The story provides insight into both the oppression of women in the 19th century and Chopin's own feminist views.
Magical realism definition and characteristicsMsServera
This document discusses several narrative techniques used in magical realism stories, including A Little Princess. These techniques include authorial reticence in describing fantastical events as ordinary, providing an abundance of disorienting details, combining opposing realities, exploring the relationship between fiction and reality, requiring an open-mindedness to hidden meanings that can't be explained conventionally, and implicitly critiquing society through focusing on marginalized groups.
This document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic criticism. It discusses key concepts like the unconscious, dreams, repression, and how psychoanalytic criticism analyzes characters and their psychic realities. Dreams are seen as compromises between conscious and unconscious desires that can reveal buried conflicts if properly interpreted through analysis of imagery, symbols, and associations.
Postmodernism rejects notions of absolute truth and objective reality. It emphasizes the role of language, power structures, and social constructs in shaping ideas. Key postmodern thinkers like Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, and Deleuze criticized modernist views of objectivity and progress, and analyzed how knowledge and institutions are tied to systems of power and control. Postmodernism focuses on ambiguity, fragmentation, and local perspectives over universal narratives and theories.
This document is a paper analyzing J.M. Coetzee's novel Foe from a postcolonial and psychoanalytic perspective. It provides background on Coetzee and an overview of the plot of Foe, which retells Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe from the perspective of a woman named Susan Barton. The document then analyzes themes in Foe such as the inability of language to convey truth, the silencing of Susan Barton's perspective as a woman in a patriarchal society, and the power struggles surrounding narrative control and interpretation of history.
To Kill a Mockingbird as a Banned Book - Mariyah Jahangirimariyahj
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has frequently been banned from schools for several reasons. It has appeared on lists of most challenged books due to its use of profanity like the n-word. Schools have also banned it because of its depictions of violence and sensitive topics like rape. Additionally, some schools considered it degrading to African Americans. Examples show it was banned in places like Minnesota in 1977 for language, and in Indiana in 1981 where it was argued to cause "psychological damage" and promote racism. The document concludes that while the book addresses adult topics, it is important for children to be exposed to complex moral issues to help them understand the world.
Michel Foucault was a French philosopher known for his critical studies of social institutions and power structures. He was born in 1926 in France and held various academic positions before becoming a professor at the Collège de France. Foucault was politically active and protested on behalf of marginalized groups. He died of AIDS in 1984. Foucault analyzed discourses and power relations through concepts like discourse, knowledge/power, discipline, and governmentality/biopower. He studied how institutions shape realities and identities through regulatory practices and surveillance. His work criticized taken-for-granted "truths" through genealogical analysis and sought to uncover power dynamics.
Kate Chopin was one of the first feminist authors of the 19th century. Her short story "The Story of an Hour" tells of Mrs. Mallard learning of her husband's death and experiencing a sense of freedom and joy at the thought of being widowed. As a woman in the 1800s, she had no identity or independence outside of her marriage. However, through the story she demonstrates an independent and strong spirit in coming to realize her own life no longer needs to be constrained by society's expectations of women or dictated by her husband's will. The story provides insight into both the oppression of women in the 19th century and Chopin's own feminist views.
Magical realism definition and characteristicsMsServera
This document discusses several narrative techniques used in magical realism stories, including A Little Princess. These techniques include authorial reticence in describing fantastical events as ordinary, providing an abundance of disorienting details, combining opposing realities, exploring the relationship between fiction and reality, requiring an open-mindedness to hidden meanings that can't be explained conventionally, and implicitly critiquing society through focusing on marginalized groups.
This document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic criticism. It discusses key concepts like the unconscious, dreams, repression, and how psychoanalytic criticism analyzes characters and their psychic realities. Dreams are seen as compromises between conscious and unconscious desires that can reveal buried conflicts if properly interpreted through analysis of imagery, symbols, and associations.
This document summarizes the oppression of women in Iran compared to freedom of women in the US. It describes how in Iran, women are forced to wear veils and modest clothing, cannot hold government positions, need permission from husbands to leave home, and have fewer legal rights. Punishments are often unequal between men and women. In contrast, women in the US have freedom over their appearance and lives, can hold public office, and have equal legal rights and protections. The document concludes that women in Iran continue to face oppression but some are fighting for expanded rights and freedoms.
Feminist criticism broadly examines how literature reinforces or undermines the oppression of women. It acknowledges that feminism includes diverse views and approaches. Key concerns of feminist criticism include the use of masculine pronouns that exclude women, a lack of female authors in literary canons, and how medicine and laws have historically neglected the experiences of women. Feminism argues that women's social position of inferiority has been a social construction used to keep women powerless, rather than a result of biological differences between men and women.
Frankenstein is a Gothic fiction novel that incorporates elements common to the genre. It was one of the first novels to combine fiction, horror, and Romanticism. Some key elements included are a spooky castle setting, dark and ominous dreams, overwrought emotion, supernatural elements like the monster created, and suspense maintained through letters that drive the plot forward.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Jacques Derrida's work in deconstruction. It lists ideas like différance, which refers to how meaning is deferred and differentiated in language. Other concepts mentioned are pharmakon, which means both remedy and poison, and supplement, referring to both addition and replacement. The document also discusses Derrida's ideas about how meaning is ambiguous and unstable in language and texts, and how deconstruction involves close reading and exploring these ambiguities.
Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified common narrative elements like character archetypes. He found heroes, villains, dispatchers who send heroes on quests, donors who give heroes gifts, and helpers who aid heroes. Claude Levi-Strauss applied structural linguistics to anthropology. He believed cultures could be understood by studying myths and how they use binary oppositions. Narratives often involve conflicts between opposites like hero/villain and imprisonment/freedom. Levi-Strauss argued binary pairs and favored/disfavored relationships form the basis of human thought and culture.
This presentation is about the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. In this presentation we mention all the topics which are very helpful to understand about the novel.This presentation made by our group. Our group members are Kinjal Patel, Drashti Dave , Lajja Bhatt, Namrata Gohil, Khanjaniba Gohil and Sardarsinh Solanki ..
Helene Cixous' seminal work "The Laugh of the Medusa" argues that women must write themselves into literature from which they have been excluded. She asserts that Western culture and language are dominated by patriarchal, phallocentric views that repress female sexuality and writing. Cixous believes that for women to fully express themselves, they must discover and write about their own sexuality and pleasures in a new form of "feminine writing" that will subvert the existing symbolic order. She uses the myth of Medusa, who was raped and silenced by men, as a symbol of how female sexuality has been distorted by the male gaze but can be reclaimed through writing.
Gender studies analyzes theories that problematize heterosexuality and normalize alternative sexualities. It examines how gender is a fluid, socially constructed identity that does not necessarily align with biological sex. Gender studies scholars challenge essentialist notions of fixed gender identities and sexualities, arguing instead that they exist on a continuum that is historically and culturally contingent.
This document provides a summary of the life and work of Edward Said, a prominent Palestinian-American literary theorist. It notes that Said helped develop postcolonialism through his influential 1978 book Orientalism, which examined how Western scholarship helped reinforce stereotypes and cultural assumptions about the Eastern world. The book was translated into many languages and became a bestseller. Said analyzed how Orientalism created a dichotomy between the West and East and helped justify colonialism. He argued that academic knowledge is inherently tied to relationships of power.
This document summarizes the oppression of women in Iran compared to freedom of women in the US. It describes how in Iran, women are forced to wear veils and modest clothing, cannot hold government positions, need permission from husbands to leave home, and have fewer legal rights. Punishments are often unequal between men and women. In contrast, women in the US have freedom over their appearance and lives, can hold public office, and have equal legal rights and protections. The document concludes that women in Iran continue to face oppression but some are fighting for expanded rights and freedoms.
Feminist criticism broadly examines how literature reinforces or undermines the oppression of women. It acknowledges that feminism includes diverse views and approaches. Key concerns of feminist criticism include the use of masculine pronouns that exclude women, a lack of female authors in literary canons, and how medicine and laws have historically neglected the experiences of women. Feminism argues that women's social position of inferiority has been a social construction used to keep women powerless, rather than a result of biological differences between men and women.
Frankenstein is a Gothic fiction novel that incorporates elements common to the genre. It was one of the first novels to combine fiction, horror, and Romanticism. Some key elements included are a spooky castle setting, dark and ominous dreams, overwrought emotion, supernatural elements like the monster created, and suspense maintained through letters that drive the plot forward.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Jacques Derrida's work in deconstruction. It lists ideas like différance, which refers to how meaning is deferred and differentiated in language. Other concepts mentioned are pharmakon, which means both remedy and poison, and supplement, referring to both addition and replacement. The document also discusses Derrida's ideas about how meaning is ambiguous and unstable in language and texts, and how deconstruction involves close reading and exploring these ambiguities.
Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified common narrative elements like character archetypes. He found heroes, villains, dispatchers who send heroes on quests, donors who give heroes gifts, and helpers who aid heroes. Claude Levi-Strauss applied structural linguistics to anthropology. He believed cultures could be understood by studying myths and how they use binary oppositions. Narratives often involve conflicts between opposites like hero/villain and imprisonment/freedom. Levi-Strauss argued binary pairs and favored/disfavored relationships form the basis of human thought and culture.
This presentation is about the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. In this presentation we mention all the topics which are very helpful to understand about the novel.This presentation made by our group. Our group members are Kinjal Patel, Drashti Dave , Lajja Bhatt, Namrata Gohil, Khanjaniba Gohil and Sardarsinh Solanki ..
Helene Cixous' seminal work "The Laugh of the Medusa" argues that women must write themselves into literature from which they have been excluded. She asserts that Western culture and language are dominated by patriarchal, phallocentric views that repress female sexuality and writing. Cixous believes that for women to fully express themselves, they must discover and write about their own sexuality and pleasures in a new form of "feminine writing" that will subvert the existing symbolic order. She uses the myth of Medusa, who was raped and silenced by men, as a symbol of how female sexuality has been distorted by the male gaze but can be reclaimed through writing.
Gender studies analyzes theories that problematize heterosexuality and normalize alternative sexualities. It examines how gender is a fluid, socially constructed identity that does not necessarily align with biological sex. Gender studies scholars challenge essentialist notions of fixed gender identities and sexualities, arguing instead that they exist on a continuum that is historically and culturally contingent.
This document provides a summary of the life and work of Edward Said, a prominent Palestinian-American literary theorist. It notes that Said helped develop postcolonialism through his influential 1978 book Orientalism, which examined how Western scholarship helped reinforce stereotypes and cultural assumptions about the Eastern world. The book was translated into many languages and became a bestseller. Said analyzed how Orientalism created a dichotomy between the West and East and helped justify colonialism. He argued that academic knowledge is inherently tied to relationships of power.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial. Muchos países experimentaron fuertes caídas en el PIB y aumentos en el desempleo debido a los cierres generalizados y las restricciones a los viajes. Aunque las vacunas han permitido la reapertura de muchas economías, los efectos a largo plazo de la pandemia en sectores como el turismo y los viajes aún no están claros.
6. Nola egiten da Biztanleri Piramide bat?
Jakiteko noizko
piramidea dan,
adin alde
bakoitzari
dagokion jaioturtea
adieraziko dugu
eskubian..
7. Biztanleri piramidearen azterketa
„ Sexuen arteko oreka maila.
‟ Emakume edo gizonezkoen kopurua, zein adin
taldetan gehiago edo gutxiago den adierazi behar
da.. Adibidez:
“Orokorrean mutilezko gehiago jaiotzen da.
Baina zahartzaroan emakumezkoak gehiago dira.”
8. Biztanleri piramidearen azterketa
„ TONTORRA: Zabala bada,
biztanleriaren zahartzea
eta Bizi Itxaropen altua
adierazten du.
„ ERDIGUNEA: Biztanleri
heldua da; 15 eta 65 urte
artekoa, hau da, lan
egiteko adinean dagoen
biztanle taldea.
OINARRIA: Estua bada, jaiotzaren
beherakada eta biztanleri
gaztearen beherakada jarraia
adierazten du.
9. Biztanleri piramidearen azterketa
„ SARGUNEAK:Biztanleri
galera adierazten
dute, emigrazio,
gerrate, gaixotasun
edo jaiotzaren bat-
bateko jaitsieragatik.
IRTENGUNEAK Biztanleriaren bat-
bateko hazkundea adierazten
dute, imigrazioagaitik edo
jaiotzaren hazkundeagatik.
10. Biztanleri piramidearen azterketa
A) AURRERAKOIA edo PAGODA
ITXURAKOA.
Oinarri zabala eta gailurrerantz estutzen
doa.
Biztanleri gaztea adierazten du, jaiotza tasa
altuarekin. Honek biztanleriaren hazkundea
aurreikusten du.
Herrialde azpigaratuetako piramidea da.
Piramidearen itxura: B) EGONKORRA edo erraboila
Piramidearen itxura
itxurakoa.
Oinarria eta erdikaldea zabalera
zein ereduri
berdintsukoa.
Jaiotzen gelditzea edo gutxitzea
adierazten du.
dagokion zehaztu Garapen bideko herrien piramidea da.
behar dugu. C) ATZERAKOIA edo KANPAI
ITXURAKOA.
Oinarri estuagoa erdikaldea baino.
Gero eta jaiotza gutxiago, ondorioz,
biztanleriaren beherakada
aurreikusten du.
Herrialde garatuetako piramidea da.
11. ONDORIOA: biztanleri piramidearen
azterketa.
Piramideak adierazten dituen ezaugarrietatik abiatuz,
biztanleriak etorkizunean izango duen bilakaera aurreikus
daiteke, eta honela beharrezkoak diren neurri
ekonomiko eta gizartekoak lehenbait lehen ezarri.
