This document discusses microbial protein supplements (SCP) which are dried cells of microorganisms that can be used as dietary protein. It provides the average compositions of proteins, fats, nucleic acids and other components of common microorganisms used for SCP, including fungi, yeast, algae and bacteria. The document also briefly discusses immobilized enzyme systems and methods of enzyme immobilization such as entrapment, adsorption, ionic binding and cross-linking to restrict enzyme mobility.

1. By SREEREMYA.S

2. Chaetomium

3. Kretzschmaria deusta

11. TANNING-PROCESS:LEAHER-INDUSTRY

19. SCP are driedcells of microorganisms which can be used as dietary protein
supplement.

21. COMPOSITON FUNGI ALGAE YEAST BACTERIA
PROTEIN 30- 40 % 40- 60 % 45- 55 % 50- 65 %
FAT 9-14 % 8-10 % 5-10 % 3-7 %
NUCLEIC ACID 7-10 % 3-8 % 6-12 % 8-12 %
•Micro-organisms used are fungi , yeast, algae & bacteria.
•The following table shows average different compositions of
main groups of micro– organisms (% dry wt.)

22. Fungi
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus niger
Rhizopus cyclopium
Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisae
Candida tropicalis
Candida utilis
Algae
Spirulina sps.
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Chondrus crispus
Bacteria
Pseudomonas fluroescens
Lactobacillus
Bacillus megaterium
FUNGI YEAST
BACTERIAALGAE

36. Immobilized Enzyme Systems
Enzyme Immobilization:
To restrict enzyme mobility in a fixed space.

37. Immobilized Enzyme Systems
Entrapment
- Matrix Entrapment - Membrane Entrapment
(microencapsulation)

38. PhysicalAdsorption:Van derWaals
Carriers: silica, carbon nanotube, cellulose, etc.
Easily desorbed, simple and cheap,
enzyme activity unaffected.
- Ionic Binding: ionic bonds
Similar to physical adsorption.
Carriers: polysaccharides and synthetic polymers
having ion-exchange centers

39. Cross-linking

40. Recycle packed column reactor:
- allow the reactor to operate at high fluid
velocities.

41. THANK YOU

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