Biomechanics in Orthodontic tooth movementsAswanth E.P
1) Orthodontic treatment is based on applying prolonged pressure to teeth to induce bone remodeling and tooth movement using biomechanical principles.
2) Key biomechanical concepts include forces, moments, centers of resistance and rotation, and different types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, and rotation.
3) Proper application of these concepts through different force systems allows the orthodontist to design effective treatment plans to efficiently correct malocclusions.
Kapitel 5 Einzelzahnbewegungen. Aufrichten von MolarenUlrich Kritzler
Biomechanics of molar uprighting.
Biomechanics for molar uprighting. An appropriate method for molar uprighting should be choosen for each particular case. Clinical problems are generally due to the extrusive component of simple tip-back methods. When necessary the optimal technique should apply an intrusive force to the molar as its axial inclination is corrected. For improved molar intrusion applications include temporary miniscrews.
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
This document provides an overview of fixed orthodontic appliances, including their definition, history of development, mechanisms of action, components, and uses. It traces the evolution of fixed appliances from Fauchard's early expansion arch in the 1800s to more modern pre-adjusted appliances. Key developments discussed include Angle's E-arch, pin and tube, ribbon arch, and edgewise appliances, as well as the Begg, tip-edge, and pre-adjusted edgewise appliances. The document also outlines the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of fixed appliances.
Deep Bite| Braces Treatment| Certification Courses in Fixed Orthodontics in D...Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Deep Bite
Excessive Overlaping of upper front teeth over the lower front teeth is deep bite.
Orthodontic Treatment through braces, Invisalign, Damon's Braces, Traditional braces, Orthognathic Surgeries.
Restorative and periodontal therapy, Habit Breaking appliances.
All the procedure performing by experienced one.
Dr. Sachdeva's Dental Institute, where you will learn to perform the procedures impeccably.
To Learn More, Call us:-+919818894041,01142464041
Follow Our Link:-
Google link:
https://business.google.com/dashboard/l/04970356233769420071
Facebook link for Dental Courses:
https://www.facebook.com/dentalcoursesdelhi/
Facebook link for Dental Treatments:
https://www.facebook.com/sachdevadental/
You tube Link:
https://www.youtube.com/user/drrajatsachdeva
Linkedin link:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/drrajatsachdeva/
Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/drrajatsachdeva
Twitter Page :
https://twitter.com/drrajatsachdeva
Instagram page :
https://www.instagram.com/surgicalmasterrajat/
Practo Profile :
https://www.practo.com/delhi/doctor/dr-rajat-sachdeva-dentist
Blogger Profile :
http://drrajatsachdeva.blogspot.com/
Facial Aesthetics Facebook Page :
https://www.facebook.com/facialaesthetics.delhi
Facial Aesthetics you tube channel :
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCheM4wF9nWGXJYOmScvsQNw
A comprehensive review of orthodontic indices; Epidemiology of Malocclusion, Demand for Treatment, Index of Treatment Needs
IOTN, and other Orthodontic Indices
ORTHOPEDIC APPLIANCES:
The appliance that produces skeletal changes by applying orthopaedic forces are known as “Orthopaedic appliance”.
‘Orthopaedic therapy' is aimed at the correction of skeletal imbalance with the correction of any dentoalveolar malocclusion being of less importance, in which little or no tooth movement is desired. Therefore, orthopedic forces are heavier (= 400 gm) when compared to orthodontic forces (50-100 gm).
This document discusses strategies for reducing overjet in orthodontic treatment. It presents four examples of patients requiring overjet reduction and proposes treatment plans for each. The key points covered are the four main ways to reduce overjet: moving the lower incisors forward, moving the upper incisors back, moving the mandible forward, and limiting maxillary growth. Factors like molar relationship, amount of extraction, and facial angle are considered for determining the best mechanics in each case.
Biomechanics in Orthodontic tooth movementsAswanth E.P
1) Orthodontic treatment is based on applying prolonged pressure to teeth to induce bone remodeling and tooth movement using biomechanical principles.
2) Key biomechanical concepts include forces, moments, centers of resistance and rotation, and different types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, and rotation.
3) Proper application of these concepts through different force systems allows the orthodontist to design effective treatment plans to efficiently correct malocclusions.
Kapitel 5 Einzelzahnbewegungen. Aufrichten von MolarenUlrich Kritzler
Biomechanics of molar uprighting.
Biomechanics for molar uprighting. An appropriate method for molar uprighting should be choosen for each particular case. Clinical problems are generally due to the extrusive component of simple tip-back methods. When necessary the optimal technique should apply an intrusive force to the molar as its axial inclination is corrected. For improved molar intrusion applications include temporary miniscrews.
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
This document provides an overview of fixed orthodontic appliances, including their definition, history of development, mechanisms of action, components, and uses. It traces the evolution of fixed appliances from Fauchard's early expansion arch in the 1800s to more modern pre-adjusted appliances. Key developments discussed include Angle's E-arch, pin and tube, ribbon arch, and edgewise appliances, as well as the Begg, tip-edge, and pre-adjusted edgewise appliances. The document also outlines the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of fixed appliances.
Deep Bite| Braces Treatment| Certification Courses in Fixed Orthodontics in D...Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Deep Bite
Excessive Overlaping of upper front teeth over the lower front teeth is deep bite.
Orthodontic Treatment through braces, Invisalign, Damon's Braces, Traditional braces, Orthognathic Surgeries.
Restorative and periodontal therapy, Habit Breaking appliances.
All the procedure performing by experienced one.
Dr. Sachdeva's Dental Institute, where you will learn to perform the procedures impeccably.
To Learn More, Call us:-+919818894041,01142464041
Follow Our Link:-
Google link:
https://business.google.com/dashboard/l/04970356233769420071
Facebook link for Dental Courses:
https://www.facebook.com/dentalcoursesdelhi/
Facebook link for Dental Treatments:
https://www.facebook.com/sachdevadental/
You tube Link:
https://www.youtube.com/user/drrajatsachdeva
Linkedin link:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/drrajatsachdeva/
Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/drrajatsachdeva
Twitter Page :
https://twitter.com/drrajatsachdeva
Instagram page :
https://www.instagram.com/surgicalmasterrajat/
Practo Profile :
https://www.practo.com/delhi/doctor/dr-rajat-sachdeva-dentist
Blogger Profile :
http://drrajatsachdeva.blogspot.com/
Facial Aesthetics Facebook Page :
https://www.facebook.com/facialaesthetics.delhi
Facial Aesthetics you tube channel :
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCheM4wF9nWGXJYOmScvsQNw
A comprehensive review of orthodontic indices; Epidemiology of Malocclusion, Demand for Treatment, Index of Treatment Needs
IOTN, and other Orthodontic Indices
ORTHOPEDIC APPLIANCES:
The appliance that produces skeletal changes by applying orthopaedic forces are known as “Orthopaedic appliance”.
‘Orthopaedic therapy' is aimed at the correction of skeletal imbalance with the correction of any dentoalveolar malocclusion being of less importance, in which little or no tooth movement is desired. Therefore, orthopedic forces are heavier (= 400 gm) when compared to orthodontic forces (50-100 gm).
This document discusses strategies for reducing overjet in orthodontic treatment. It presents four examples of patients requiring overjet reduction and proposes treatment plans for each. The key points covered are the four main ways to reduce overjet: moving the lower incisors forward, moving the upper incisors back, moving the mandible forward, and limiting maxillary growth. Factors like molar relationship, amount of extraction, and facial angle are considered for determining the best mechanics in each case.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various types of intrusion arches used in orthodontics to correct deep overbites. It begins by defining intrusion and describing the biomechanics and principles involved. It then covers 9 specific intrusion arch designs: 1) Rickett's Utility Arch 2) Tipback Springs 3) Burstone's Continuous Intrusion Arch 4) Burstone's Three Piece Intrusion Arch 5) K-SIR 6) Connecticut Intrusion Arch 7) PG Retraction Spring 8) Translation Arch 9) Lingual Arch for intruding lower incisors. For each type, it provides details on materials, design, and mechanics of intrusion.
Crossbite in orthodontics,its types and management with two casessalman zahid
A 9-year-old boy presented with an anterior crossbite of his upper right central incisor and a unilateral posterior crossbite on the right side. A removable appliance with jackscrews was used over 4 months to tip the upper right incisor labially and expand the constricted upper right posterior segment. This successfully corrected both the anterior and posterior crossbites. A retainer was worn long-term to maintain the correction.
This document discusses various concepts related to orthodontic tooth movement including:
- Types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, and torque which are determined by the ratio of moments of force and couples applied.
- Force systems used in orthodontics such as one-couple systems which allow for predictable tooth movement. Segmented springs and anterior intrusion/extrusion arches are examples.
- Applications of anterior intrusion and extrusion arches including intruding/extruding specific teeth, correcting midlines, and preventing excessive tipping during space closure. Factors like wire placement and anchorage can be modified to achieve the desired tooth movement.
1) The study used finite element analysis to verify Isaacson's hypothesis about progressive root torque and investigate torque mechanics. It found Isaacson's initial reciprocal reactions did not reflect the full changing sequence of actions over time.
2) Simulations of incremental twisting showed torque on teeth gradually altered as end teeth moved and middle teeth started to rotate.
3) Different torque scenarios were modeled, including individual tooth torque and built-in torque using the MBT prescription. Reciprocal reactions depended on prescription details.
Anterior open bite treatment in the permanent dentition part 2-Marwan Mouakeh
This document discusses various methods for correcting anterior open bite malocclusions through intrusion of posterior teeth, including with skeletal anchorage. Skeletal anchorage methods like mini-implants or mini-plates can be used to actively intrude maxillary and mandibular molars in growing and non-growing patients. Placement of mini-implants on the palate between the first and second molars is recommended to provide stability and effective intrusion. Clinical tips are provided on mechanics, force magnitude, and avoiding unwanted tooth tipping during molar intrusion treatment.
Mode of action of functional appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses using bite ramps or bite turbos in orthodontic treatment to correct deep overbites and curves of Spee. It provides instructions on how to make and place bite ramps using light cure material. Bite ramps are bonded to the palatal surfaces of maxillary central incisors. The ramps can be extended lingually if needed. Bite ramps are a useful orthodontic device to correct deep overbites and allow bonding of lower anterior brackets which may otherwise not be possible.
This document discusses the classification and management of crossbites. It defines crossbites as teeth that are abnormally positioned lingually or buccally in relation to opposing teeth. Crossbites are classified based on location (anterior vs posterior), number of teeth involved, unilateral vs bilateral presentation, extent, and underlying skeletal or dental structure. Management involves identifying the etiology and using appliances like tongue blades, expanders, face masks, or orthodontic treatment to correct the malocclusion. Early diagnosis and treatment of crossbites is emphasized for optimal treatment outcomes.
This document provides an overview of frictionless mechanics in orthodontics. It discusses various loop and spring configurations that can be used for space closure without tooth movement along the archwire. Advantages include control of tooth movement and known force levels. Disadvantages include more complex mechanics and potential patient discomfort. Factors like loop height and geometry determine the moment-to-force ratio and type of tooth movement achieved. The document defines key terms and principles of biomechanics relevant to frictionless orthodontic tooth movement.
The document provides an overview of the activator appliance and its modifications. Some key points:
- The activator was developed in the early 1900s as a way to induce functional growth modifications. It works by applying muscle forces to the jaws through light contact between the appliance and teeth.
- There are different types of activators (H-activator and V-activator) depending on the amount of vertical opening and anterior positioning in the construction bite.
- The appliance is indicated for Class II and III malocclusions, open bites, and other functional issues in growing individuals. Contraindications include non-growing patients and severe vertical growth patterns.
- The activator is thought to work
This document discusses the third and final stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment called "finishing". It defines finishing as correcting prior errors and detailing the case. The document outlines the goals of finishing which include enhancing aesthetics, individual tooth positioning, occlusion, and stability. It describes the standards used by the American Board of Orthodontics for grading case finishing. The document provides details on techniques for correcting tooth alignment, angulation, rotation, and achieving proper gingival levels and tooth sizes during the finishing stage.
This document discusses different types of labial bows used in removable orthodontic appliances. It describes the key components and functions of labial bows including the incisor segment, vertical loops, and retentive ends. Several specific types of labial bows are outlined such as short labial bows, long labial bows, Roberts retractors, reverse labial bows, and Begg's labial bows. For each type, the indications for use and fabrication details are provided. Activation methods to induce tooth movement are also described.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various types of intrusion arches used in orthodontics to correct deep overbites. It begins by defining intrusion and describing the biomechanics and principles involved. It then covers 9 specific intrusion arch designs: 1) Rickett's Utility Arch 2) Tipback Springs 3) Burstone's Continuous Intrusion Arch 4) Burstone's Three Piece Intrusion Arch 5) K-SIR 6) Connecticut Intrusion Arch 7) PG Retraction Spring 8) Translation Arch 9) Lingual Arch for intruding lower incisors. For each type, it provides details on materials, design, and mechanics of intrusion.
Crossbite in orthodontics,its types and management with two casessalman zahid
A 9-year-old boy presented with an anterior crossbite of his upper right central incisor and a unilateral posterior crossbite on the right side. A removable appliance with jackscrews was used over 4 months to tip the upper right incisor labially and expand the constricted upper right posterior segment. This successfully corrected both the anterior and posterior crossbites. A retainer was worn long-term to maintain the correction.
This document discusses various concepts related to orthodontic tooth movement including:
- Types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, and torque which are determined by the ratio of moments of force and couples applied.
- Force systems used in orthodontics such as one-couple systems which allow for predictable tooth movement. Segmented springs and anterior intrusion/extrusion arches are examples.
- Applications of anterior intrusion and extrusion arches including intruding/extruding specific teeth, correcting midlines, and preventing excessive tipping during space closure. Factors like wire placement and anchorage can be modified to achieve the desired tooth movement.
1) The study used finite element analysis to verify Isaacson's hypothesis about progressive root torque and investigate torque mechanics. It found Isaacson's initial reciprocal reactions did not reflect the full changing sequence of actions over time.
2) Simulations of incremental twisting showed torque on teeth gradually altered as end teeth moved and middle teeth started to rotate.
3) Different torque scenarios were modeled, including individual tooth torque and built-in torque using the MBT prescription. Reciprocal reactions depended on prescription details.
Anterior open bite treatment in the permanent dentition part 2-Marwan Mouakeh
This document discusses various methods for correcting anterior open bite malocclusions through intrusion of posterior teeth, including with skeletal anchorage. Skeletal anchorage methods like mini-implants or mini-plates can be used to actively intrude maxillary and mandibular molars in growing and non-growing patients. Placement of mini-implants on the palate between the first and second molars is recommended to provide stability and effective intrusion. Clinical tips are provided on mechanics, force magnitude, and avoiding unwanted tooth tipping during molar intrusion treatment.
Mode of action of functional appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses using bite ramps or bite turbos in orthodontic treatment to correct deep overbites and curves of Spee. It provides instructions on how to make and place bite ramps using light cure material. Bite ramps are bonded to the palatal surfaces of maxillary central incisors. The ramps can be extended lingually if needed. Bite ramps are a useful orthodontic device to correct deep overbites and allow bonding of lower anterior brackets which may otherwise not be possible.
This document discusses the classification and management of crossbites. It defines crossbites as teeth that are abnormally positioned lingually or buccally in relation to opposing teeth. Crossbites are classified based on location (anterior vs posterior), number of teeth involved, unilateral vs bilateral presentation, extent, and underlying skeletal or dental structure. Management involves identifying the etiology and using appliances like tongue blades, expanders, face masks, or orthodontic treatment to correct the malocclusion. Early diagnosis and treatment of crossbites is emphasized for optimal treatment outcomes.
This document provides an overview of frictionless mechanics in orthodontics. It discusses various loop and spring configurations that can be used for space closure without tooth movement along the archwire. Advantages include control of tooth movement and known force levels. Disadvantages include more complex mechanics and potential patient discomfort. Factors like loop height and geometry determine the moment-to-force ratio and type of tooth movement achieved. The document defines key terms and principles of biomechanics relevant to frictionless orthodontic tooth movement.
The document provides an overview of the activator appliance and its modifications. Some key points:
- The activator was developed in the early 1900s as a way to induce functional growth modifications. It works by applying muscle forces to the jaws through light contact between the appliance and teeth.
- There are different types of activators (H-activator and V-activator) depending on the amount of vertical opening and anterior positioning in the construction bite.
- The appliance is indicated for Class II and III malocclusions, open bites, and other functional issues in growing individuals. Contraindications include non-growing patients and severe vertical growth patterns.
- The activator is thought to work
This document discusses the third and final stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment called "finishing". It defines finishing as correcting prior errors and detailing the case. The document outlines the goals of finishing which include enhancing aesthetics, individual tooth positioning, occlusion, and stability. It describes the standards used by the American Board of Orthodontics for grading case finishing. The document provides details on techniques for correcting tooth alignment, angulation, rotation, and achieving proper gingival levels and tooth sizes during the finishing stage.
This document discusses different types of labial bows used in removable orthodontic appliances. It describes the key components and functions of labial bows including the incisor segment, vertical loops, and retentive ends. Several specific types of labial bows are outlined such as short labial bows, long labial bows, Roberts retractors, reverse labial bows, and Begg's labial bows. For each type, the indications for use and fabrication details are provided. Activation methods to induce tooth movement are also described.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. VEÇORITË E FORCËSVEÇORITË E FORCËS
Forca është vektor që ka:
intenzitet
drejtim (në tri rrafshe)
kahje (raporti moment – forcë – q. rezistencës)
ritëm të zbatimit të veprimit të forcës
4. INTENZITETIINTENZITETI
Forcë e aplikuar që transformohet në presion
Forcë e butë biologjike – optimale (osteoblast –
osteoklast)
Forcë e fortë – që shkakton hialinizim
Intenziteti mvaret nga lloji i spostimit dhe i
dhëmbit që spostohet
6. KAHJA E VEPRIMITKAHJA E VEPRIMIT (RAPORTI MOMENT-FORCË)(RAPORTI MOMENT-FORCË)
- Korespondon me qendrën e rezistencës dhe drejtimin e veprimit- Korespondon me qendrën e rezistencës dhe drejtimin e veprimit
të forcës (qtë forcës (q. e rotacionit. e rotacionit))
- Qendra e rezistencës – mvaret nga numri i rrënjëve të dhëmbit- Qendra e rezistencës – mvaret nga numri i rrënjëve të dhëmbit
dhe është gjithmonëdhe është gjithmonë vetëm njëvetëm një
- Qendra e rotacionit – mvaret nga sistemi i forcave që veprojnë në- Qendra e rotacionit – mvaret nga sistemi i forcave që veprojnë në
dhëmbë dhe janëdhëmbë dhe janë të shumtatë shumta
-- NNëse vija e forcës së veprimit nuk kalon nëpër Qendrën eëse vija e forcës së veprimit nuk kalon nëpër Qendrën e
rezistencës – inklinimi i dhëmbit ndaj qendrës së rotacionitrezistencës – inklinimi i dhëmbit ndaj qendrës së rotacionit
7. RITMI I ZBATIMIT TË VEPRIMIT TË FORCËSRITMI I ZBATIMIT TË VEPRIMIT TË FORCËS
forcë e kontinuar (e
vazhduar, e pandërprerë)
forcë e diskontinuar (me
ndërprerje)
forca intermitente
(periodike, e
herëpashershme)
9. Histologjia e spostimit të dhëmbitHistologjia e spostimit të dhëmbit
Me forca optimale:
– Në anën e komprimimit
– Në anën e tensionit (tërheqjes)
– Remodelimi i strukturave
10. Me forca të mëdha:
- Resorbim i nënminuar
- Zonë e hialinizuar
- Nuk ka spostim
11. Teoritë e mekanizmit të spostimitTeoritë e mekanizmit të spostimit
ortodontik të dhëmbitortodontik të dhëmbit
Teoria klasike (komprimim, tërheqje), Schëartz, Reitan
Teoria e dinamikës së fluideve, Bien
Teoria piezo-elektrike
12. Fazat e spostimit ortodontik të dhëmbëveFazat e spostimit ortodontik të dhëmbëve
Faza iniciale e spostimit
Faza e ndalimit të spostimit
Faza e vonshme e spostimit
13. •Energjia mekanike përgjigje celulare
•Ndryshimet në LPD dhe kockë lirohen molekula
ekstracelulare mesengjerët e parë (hormone,
mediatorë lokal PG dhe neurotransmiter).
•Mesengjerët e parë receptorë mesengjerët e
dytë, (adenozin monofosfati ciklik - cAMP)
•Mesengjerët e dytë aktiviteti dhe shtimi i numrit
të osteoklasteve dhe osteoblasteve
Reakcionet biomekanike
19. Faktorët që ndikojnë në spostimFaktorët që ndikojnë në spostim
intenziteti i forcës
kohëzgjatja e veprimit të forcës
mënyra e spostimit të dhëmbit
lloji i dhëmbit që spostohet
mosha e pacientit
20. Efektet e dëmshme të veprimet të forcësEfektet e dëmshme të veprimet të forcës
sëmundjet parodontale
dhëmbja, lëkundja e dhëmbit
resorbimi i rrënjës
reagimi i pulpës
21. Mekanika eMekanika e sspostimit të dhëmbitpostimit të dhëmbit
Forca
Komprimimi, tërheqja
Qendra e rezistencës
Moment forcë
Qendra e rotacionit
Sistemi i forcave
22. Nga aspekti i vendit të aplikimNga aspekti i vendit të aplikimiit të forcëst të forcës
në dhëmbënë dhëmbë
Forcë e rëndomtë (e thjeshtë) – single
Forcë çifte, couple
Forcë e kombinuar (çifte dhe e rëndomtë)
23. Kontrolla e forcave reaktiveKontrolla e forcave reaktive -- ankorimiankorimi
Intraorale
Ekstraorale
Të kombinuara
Mikroimplante (TOMAS Pin)